高考英语怎么提高词汇（如何增加高考英语词汇量）

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读一篇文章，我们总是希望能从中“学到”点什么。最直接最常见的，莫过于“摘录词语”。关于这一点是否有用，见仁见智，不好妄下结论，大家可以按照自己的经验做判断。

这里要说的是：假设“摘录”是有帮助的——至少它能起到一个监控注意力的作用，使我们在读到比较生僻内容的文章时，不至于daydreaming。那么切记一点：摘录生僻词，是效率最低的——除非你刻意去背这些词。

哪些词值得我们摘录呢？建议有这么三类：

第一类：on the tip of tongue

（感觉自己应该知道，可就是说不出）

我们拼命地背单词，感觉不错。可是真的要表达什么的时候，还是会一愣——用哪个词？怎么说才合适？

例如：

planned hospital expansion：计划中的医院扩建（单独说“扩建”你一定会卡壳）

its largest undertaking yet：它最大的一单活儿（largest undertaking，这就好比big deal——大买卖、大事儿）

wire mesh：铁丝网（这种东西，就跟点菜一样，需要的时候只会说“this，this”）

staying level：保持水平（可能我们只想到keep balanced——这个平衡有两层含义）

学外语的人有个习惯，看到字母状的东西就会兴奋，研究一下这几个字母是谁的缩写，到了国外旅行，人家拍人拍风景，他会拍各种标志、搜集各种传单以及所有和文字有关的东西：哦！新手叫rookie啊，我们学的是new comer嘛……学校里学英语，有个最大的坏处，就是：我们越来越少像孩童时代那样，一手拉着大人，一手指着对面问“爸爸爸爸、那个叫什么……”。好奇心没了，你学语言基本也就到顶了。

第二类：so it was you

（本来很熟悉、穿了“马甲”我就不认识了）

最低效的背单词，就是只管往前冲，从不归纳总结，比较一下“一词多义”、“一义多词”、“一词多用”，以及拼写上的特征……这相当于建立一个memory shelf。

例如：

details what followed：详细描述如下（detail做动词用了，后面是个从句）

Platform：平台（你试试画出来——站台？钻井平台？事业平台？中文太简练了。）

还有这种：

Inflated：充气的

Deflated：放了气的

Uninflated：未充气的

Underinflated：充气不足的

这里in-是进入、de-总是离去、un-用来否定、under-表示不足……那么input和output、deactivate、undercrowded，是不是也能猜出几分？记忆的高手有个特点，那就是：需要死记硬背的东西对他来说越来越少。所谓“巧计”的核心，就是不断在新内容和旧记忆之间建立“链接”，这种“积极记忆”可以帮助我找到规律、以及适合自己的技巧。所谓“死去活来”就是这个意思。

第三类：You are what you do

（这句话可以理解为：用到多少、你就学到多少）

例如形容词和副词，总是让我们不知道该怎么选，阅读就是积累案例最好的途径。

a shallow ramp：浅的斜坡

essential roots：主根

roughly 15 minutes：大约15分钟

partially inflated：部分充气

original soil：原先带的土

经验、案例，这几乎是所有文科学习最需要的。学语言既然首先是模仿，没有足够的样本，谈何模仿呢？一张试卷，其实单靠听读的积累，做到120分完全是可以的——多得分。而那些语法结构知识，其实更大作用，是帮我们做点修修补补的工作——少扣分。

据说这是今年阅读理解的一篇文章原文。不知道真假。当作练习也不错。

Moving a Giant

Inhabitants of Boise, Idaho, watched earlier this year as the city’s oldest, tallest resident moved two blocks. The 105-year-old sequoia tree（红杉树） serves as a local landmark, not only for its longevity but also because famous naturalist and Sierra Club co-founder John Muir provided the original seedling. So, when Saint Luke’s Health System found that the 10-story-tall tree stood in the way of its planned hospital expansion, officials called tree-moving firm Environmental Design.

The Texas-based company has developed and patented scooping（抄底）and lifting technology to move massive trees. Weighing in at more than 800,000 pounds, the Boise sequoia is its largest undertaking yet. “I [had] lost enough sleep over this,” says David Cox, the company’s Western region vice president—and that was before the hospital mentioned the tree’s distinguished origin. Before the heavy lifting began, the team assessed the root system and dug a five-foot-deep cylinder, measuring 40 feet in diameter, around the trunk to protect all essential roots. After wrapping the root ball in wire mesh, the movertreated the tree to adapt to its new situation for seven months before relocating it. The illustration details what followed.

1. Mark A. Merit and his team at Environmental Design installed underneath the root ball a platform of seven-inch-diameter, 44-foot-long steelbars and, just below the rods, a first set of uninflated airbags ( shown in gray ). The team also dug a shallow ramp.

2. In roughly 15 minutes, the movers inflated the airbags to about three feet in diameter to raise the root ball to the surface of the hole.

3. By underinflating the front bags, the team allowed the platform carrying the tree to roll up the ramp and out of the hole while staying level. A trailer hauled the tree along as team members removed the airbags from the back of the platform and replaced them in the front. They repeated the process until the tree arrived at the edge of its new home.

4. There a second set of partially inflated bags ( shown in white ) waited inside the hole. Soil surrounding the sequoia in its original location was relocated as well, because trees are more likely to survive a transplant when they move with their original soil.

5. Using the first set of airbags, the movers rolled the platform into the new hole.

6. The bags waiting there were then inflated further to take the weight of the sequoia while the transportation bags were deflated and removed from under the tree.

7. The white bags were then deflated in about half an hour to lower the sequoia’s root ball to the bottom of its hole. The bags were removed, but the metal bars were left with the tree because they rust and degrade over a number of years.

8. For the next five years the local park service will monitor and maintain the tree in its new home.

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