初中英语主谓意义一致(容易忽略的主谓一致)

初中英语主谓意义一致(容易忽略的主谓一致)(1)

主谓一致

1. 语法一致

语法一致是指主语和谓语动词必须在语法形式上保持一致关系,即主语为单数,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数,谓语动词用复数形式,如:

The man over there is my English teacher.(单数) 那边那个人是我的英语老师。

All of us are very happy.(复数) 我们所有人都很开心。

Miss Gao has 54 students.(单数) 高老师有54个学生。

All of them like her very much.(复数) 所有人都很喜欢她。

常考考点如下:

1). 当and或both…and连接不同概念的名词作主语,视为复数,谓语动词用复数形式,如:

Tom and Jerry are good friends. 汤姆和杰瑞是好朋友。

Both Lucy and Lily are students. 露西和莉莉都是学生。

2).=不定代词either, neither, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数,如:

Is there anything wrong with my computer? 我的电脑有什么问题么?

Everyone has his/her own hobbies. 每个人都有自己的爱好。

3). each…and each…, every… and every…作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,如:

Each boy and each girl was given a new book. 给了每个男孩和女孩一本新书。

Every student and every teacher is going to attend the meeting tomorrow.

每个学生和老师都会参加明天的会议。

4). 主语后伴有with, along with, together with, as well as, rather than, including, besides, like, except, but等结构时,谓语动词的单复数形式由主语决定,与结构后跟的名词单复数无关,如:

Mr. Green with his wife and two daughters iscoming to Beijing.

格林先生将和他的夫人和两个女儿一块来北京。

5). a number of意为“许多,大量”,后跟名词复数,作主语时,谓语动词用复数;the number of意为“……的数量”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数,如:

A number of foreigners come to visit the Forbidden City every year.

每年有很多外国人来参观故宫。

The number of students in our school is333. 我们学校学生人数是333.

6). “a lot of, lots of, plenty of, most of 名词”以及“分数,百分数 of 名词”等结构作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于名词,不取决于之前的修饰或数字,若主语是不可数名词,则动词用单数形式;若主语是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式,如:

Two thirds of this novel has been read. 已经读了这本小说的三分之二。

Lots of people go to work by car. 很多人开车上班。

7). “a pair of/ a kind of 名词复数”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;“pairs/ kinds of 名词复数”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,如:

A pair of shoes lies under my bed. 床下放了一双鞋。

Two pairs of gloves are given to the soldier. 两双手套被赠与了那位士兵。

8). 有一些词本身就是复数名词,如trousers, pants, shorts等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,如:My pants were worn out. 我的裤子穿破了。

9). 不定式或doing作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,如:

Doing sport is good for your health. 运动有益健康。

2. 意义一致:意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要看主语所表达的概念

1). 由and连接的两个名词作主语,若指的是同一个人或事物,视为单数,谓语动词用单数形,如:

The artist and writer is going to give us a lecture next week.

那位艺术家作家下周会来给我们做演讲。

The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.

那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家已经被邀请参加聚会了。

2). 金钱、价格、时间、长度等名词的复数或词组作主语时,一般被看做一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式,如:

Three years is a long time. 三年是一段长时间。

3). 集体名词,如:family, team, crowd, company, class, group, government等,若表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;若表示集体中的成员,谓语动词用复数形式,如:

His family is moving to New York. 他家马上要搬去纽约了。

Hearing the good news, all his family werevery happy.

听到这个好消息,他一家人都很开心。

4). people, police, cattle等集体名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,如:

People are very friendly and warm-hearted in China. 中国人都很友好,很热心。

有的时候,谓语动词的形式不与整个主语保持一致,而是和比较近的名词保持一致,这种原则叫做就近一致原则,又叫临近原则。这种情况一般出现在多个名词由连词连接,一起作主语的句子中,如:

Not only I but also my sister is going to Shanghai.

不但我而且我姐姐也要去上海。

Either Jim or his brothers have to wash the car.

要么吉姆要么他的弟弟们必须洗车。

3. 就近一致

1). there be, here be句型中的就近一致。

我们比较熟悉的there be句型和here开头的句子其实是倒装句的一种,be动词常与其后面最近的主语保持一致,如:

There is a table and four chairs in dining room. 餐厅有一张桌子和四把椅子。

Here are some flowers. 这有一些花儿。

2). 并列主语句子中的就近一致。

由并列结构或连词(如either…or, neither…nor, not…but, not only…but also, or等)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与较为靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致,如:

初中英语主谓意义一致(容易忽略的主谓一致)(2)

重难点

集体名词作主语,谓语动词单复数根据集体名词在句中实际含义而变化,这样的集体名词有:committee, crowd, family, public, group, party, team, class, club, company, union等。

易错点

“就远一致”原则。主语与谓语动词间插入along with, with, as well as, together with, no less than, besides, except, but, including等介词和短语时,谓语动词不受影响,与主语保持一致,因为这些成分实际为插入语,并不是主语成分。

题模精讲

Tony with his parents often _________ to the movies at weekends.

A、go

B、goes

C、has gone

D、have gone

答案:B

解析:考查语法一致和时态。with短语接主语后为插入语,动词与主语保持一致,用单数,排除AD;又根据句意,托尼经常在周末与父母去看电影,用一般现在时,故选B。

根据中文提示,完成句子。

1.桌子上有一本书和几只笔。

__________________________________________________.

2.公交车来了。

__________________________________________________.

3.汤姆和他的父母都不在家。

__________________________________________________.

4.不是你就是他没说实话。

__________________________________________________.

5.不仅我父母,我也盼望看到我叔叔。

__________________________________________________.

答案:

1. There is a book and some pens on the desk.

2. Here comes the bus.

3. Neither Tom nor his parents are at home.

4. Either you or he is not telling the truth.

5. Not only my parents but I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.

解析:

1.考查there be句型。there be句型遵从就近一致,所以be动词用is。

2.考查here的主谓一致。here开头的句子,谓语动词与之后的主语保持一致,主语为单数,故用comes。

3.考查neither…nor并列结构作主语的主谓一致。neither…nor的并列结构作主语,谓语动词与较近主语,即his parents保持一致,所以谓语动词用复数形式,用are。

4.考查either…or并列结构作主语的主谓一致。either…or的并列结构作主语,谓语动词与较近主语,即he保持一致,所以谓语动词用单数形式,所以用is。

5.考查not only…but also并列结构作主语的主谓一致。not only…but also的并列结构作主语,谓语动词与较近主语,即I保持一致,所以be动词用am;look forward to doing表盼望,为固定用法。


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