杜甫的诗被称为史诗还是诗史（这三首诗说明了为什么杜甫的诗被称为）

唐诗爱好者中很多人都不喜欢杜甫。总觉得他整天苦大仇深的悲天悯人，象身边喜欢絮絮叨叨、怼天怼地的老爷爷。我去读李白的浪漫、白居易的洒脱、王维的禅意、李商隐的华丽，不香么？

也对。

老杜被称为“诗圣”，凡人老百姓对”圣人“往往敬而远之，谁也不会作死去跟圣人做朋友。但年纪越大，你越会读懂杜甫。才能明白为什么他在群星璀璨的大唐诗坛被推为”圣“，也才明白为什么他的作品被称为”诗史”。

今天学习三首杜甫关于安史之乱的作品。

其一：

春望国破山河在，城春草木深。感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心。烽火连三月，家书抵万金。白头搔更短，浑欲不胜簪。

Spring ViewOn war-torn land streams flow and mountains stand;In vernal town grass and weeds are overgrown.Grieved over the years, flowers make us shed tears;Hating to part, hearing birds breaks our heat.The beacon fire has gone higher and higher;Words from household are worth their weight in gold.I cannot bear to scratch my grizzling hair;It grows too thin to hold a light hairpin.

写这首诗时杜甫正身处叛军沦陷区，还被迫做了一段时间伪官。

诗的前四句描写了长安凄惨破败的景象；后四句写诗人挂念亲人、心系国事的情怀，充溢着凄苦哀思。全诗格律严整，对仗精巧，声情悲壮。

许渊冲先生的翻译，充分体现了先生一贯贴合原诗意境不追求严格的词对应的风格。比如“感时花溅泪，恨别鸟惊心”译为“Grieved over the years, flowers make us shed tears;Hating to part, hearing birds breaks our heat.”，这种译法不但很美也更符合中文的意境。

其二

闻官军收河南河北

剑外忽传收蓟北，初闻涕泪满衣裳。却看妻子愁何在，漫卷诗书喜欲狂。白日放歌须纵酒，青春作伴好还乡。即从巴峡穿巫峡，便下襄阳向洛阳。

Recapture of the regions north and south of the Yellow Rive

It's said the Northern Gate is recaptured of late;When the news reach my ears, my gown is wet with tears.Staring at my wife’s face, of grief I find no trace;Rolling up my verse books, my joy like madness looks.Though I am white-haired, still I’d sing and drink my fill.With verdure spring’s aglow, it's time we homeward go.We shall sail all the way through Three Gorges in a day.Going down to Xiangyang, we’ll come up to Luoyang.

此诗作于唐代宗广德元年（763）春。当年正月史朝义自缢，安史之乱结束。杜甫当时在四川，听到这消息，不禁惊喜欲狂，手舞足蹈，冲口唱出这首诗。诗的前半部分写初闻喜讯的惊喜；后半部分写诗人手舞足蹈做返乡的准备，凸显了急于返回故乡的欢快之情。全诗情感奔放，酣畅淋漓，被称为杜甫“生平第一快诗”。

其三

登高

风急天高猿啸哀

渚清沙白鸟飞回

无边落木萧萧下

不尽长江滚滚来

万里悲秋常作客

百年多病独登台

艰难苦恨繁霜鬓

潦倒新停浊酒杯

On the Height

The wind so swift, the sky so wide,apes wail and cry

Water so clear, and beach so white,birds wheel and fly

The boundless forest sheds its leavesshower by shower

The endless river rolls its waves hour after hour

A thousand miles from home,I’m grieved at autumn’s plight

I'll now and then for years,alone I’m on this height

Living in times so hard,at frosted hair I pine

Cast down by poverty,I have to give up wine

此诗大约写于唐代宗大历二年（767年，）当时安史之乱已经结束四年了，但小乱未息、藩镇割据、宦官乱政、外敌入侵，国势越发颓靡。这年秋天，杜甫独自登上夔州白帝城外的高台，登高远眺、听疾风怒号、猿啸声哀；再看到落叶纷纷，大江东去的场景；想到自己贫病交加的近况，不免百感交集。

《登高》这首七律诗在对仗与押韵上，做到了句句对，甚至字字对，被誉为“七律之冠”，，更是无法超越的格律样板。