专升本英语词语用法和语法结构（专升本英语知识点）

虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑、建议、猜测、可能或猜想等。

虚拟语气常用的基本结构如下：

✦动词的过去式，用于一切人称和数，be的过去式用were

If you loved me, you wouldn’t say that.

假若你爱我，你就不会说那种话。

If I were in your shoes, I’d accept the terms

假若我处在你的位置，我就会接受这些条件。

✦had 过去分词，用于一切人称和数。

If I hadn’t had to study for the exam, I would have gone to your party.

如果我不必为考试学习的话，我就会参加你的聚会了。

The victim would have a chance to survive, if he had been taken to hospital in time.

如果他及时送到医院的话，遇难者本来有机会活下来。

✦should(第一人称)和would(第二、三人称) 动词原形

If I were you, I should take this advice.

如果我是你，就会听他的忠告。

He said he would go if I went.

他说，如果我去他就去。

✦should(第一人称)和would（第二、三人称） have 过去分词

If they hadn’t helped you, you would have done nothing.

要不是他们帮助了你，你现在肯定是一事无成。

If father hadn’t sent me, I shouldn’t have come.

如果不是父亲派我来，我是不会来的。

✦should have 过去分词

It is strange that she should have done it.

真奇怪，她竟会干出这种事来。

I should have taken his advice.

我真应该接受他的忠告。

虚拟语气的用法

✦表示与现在事实相反的条件和结果

虚拟语气用在与现实相反的条件句中，条件从句中位于用动词的过去式民主句谓语动词用“should(第一人称)或would(第二、三人称) 动词原形”形式。

If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go and see my friends.

明天要是星期天的话，我就去看完我的朋友。

If I were you, I should not do such a thing.

如果我是你的话，我就不会做这样的事。

I they had time, they would study Italian，too.

假如他们有时间的话，他们也会学意大利语的。

✦表示与过去事实相反的条件和结果

虚拟语气用在与过去事实相反的条件句中，条件从句中谓语动词用“had 过去分词”形式，主句的谓语动词用“should(第一人称)或would（第二、三人称） have 过去分词”的形\式。

If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you.

如果昨天我知道你的电话号码，我就给你打电话了。

If it had not rained this morning, I should have gone shopping.

今天早上要是没下雨的话，我就去买东西了。

✦表示与将来事实可能相反的条件和结果

虚拟语气用于与将来事实相反的条件句中，条件从句中谓语动词用动词的过去式，主句用“should（第一人称）或would（第二、三人称） 动词原形”的形式。

If you dropped the glass, it would break.

如果你将杯子扔下来，它就会打碎的。

If my mother knew it, she would be angry.

如果我妈妈知道了这件事，她会很生气的。

If it were Sunday tomorrow, my sister would go shopping with her classmates.

如果明天是星期天，我妹妹会和她的同学一起去购物。

✦当条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作所发生的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的谓语动词形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。

If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.

如果他当初听医生的话，现在就会痊愈了。

If you hadn’t helped me ,I couldn’t have finished it on time and most likely I would be still working now.

假如你没有帮助我，我就不可能按时完成工作，很可能现在我还在做。

★考点链接

1、If there were no water in the world, everything .

A. will die

B. would die

C. would have died

D. would have been dead

答案及解析：

B 本题考查虚拟语气，从句是过去式表示与事实相反，主句用would 动词原形，表示结果。如果世界上没有水的话，所有东西都会死亡。

2、If I had enough time, I my work.

A.would finish

B. must have finished

C. would have finished

D. had finished

答案及解析：

C 本题考查虚拟语气的搭配用法。过去分词 would have 动词原形，这是虚拟语气的常规搭配，如果我有足够多的时间，我本可以完成我的工作。

3、If I had known that, I so.

A. wouldn’t do

B. wouldn’t have done

C. won’t do

D. have not done

答案及解析：

A 考查虚拟语气，从句表示过去的动作，（如果我过去知道的话）主句用should/would 动词原形，故选A。

,