介词by用法归纳（语法干货-介词用By）

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介词by用法归纳

Hello.

你好。

My name is Emma, and in today's video I am going to answer your questions on: What is the difference between " by" and " with" ?

我的名字是艾玛，在今天的视频中，我将回答你的问题："由"和"与"有什么区别？

Many students make mistakes with " by" and " with" , so in today's lesson I'm hoping to help you with this so you won't make so many mistakes and you'll understand: What are the differences between these two words?

许多学生在"by"和"with"上犯了错误，所以在今天的课程中，我希望能帮助你做到这一点，这样你就不会犯那么多错误，你会明白：这两个词有什么区别？

Okay, so to start with I have here some questions.

好的，首先，我有一些问题。

I want you to think: Which ones are correct and which ones are not correct?

我想让你思考：哪些是正确的，哪些是不正确的？

I also want you to think which sentences. . .

我也想让你想看看哪些句子...

Why are they correct?

为什么它们是正确的？

So, why are they correct and why are they incorrect?

那么，为什么它们是正确的，为什么它们是不正确的呢？

So my first sentence: " I learn English by watching engVid." Compare this to: " I learn English with watching engVid." Which one do you think is the correct form?

所以我的第一句话是："我通过观看engVid来学习英语。将此与："我通过观看engVid来学习英语。您认为哪一种是正确的形式？

Do we use " by" or do we use " with" ?

我们是使用"by"还是"with"？

If you said: " I learn English by watching engVid." you are correct.

如果你说："我通过看engVid来学习英语。

And I will explain why in the next part of this video.

我将在本视频的下一部分中解释原因。

So: " I learn English with watching engVid." no, we don't use that.

所以："我通过观看engVid来学习英语。"不，我们不使用它。

Okay, so what about the next two?

好吧，那么接下来的两个呢？

" I write with a pen." , " I write by a pen." Which one do you think is the correct sentence, and which one is incorrect and why?

"我用笔写字"，"我用笔写字。你认为哪一个是正确的句子，哪一个是不正确的，为什么？

Okay, if you said: " I write with a pen." you are correct.

好吧，如果你说："我用笔写字"，你是对的。

In this case this is the correct one.

在这种情况下，这是正确的。

And: " I write by a pen." this is-enh-incorrect.

而且："我用笔写字。" 这是不正确的。

So, before we talk about some of the differences, let's talk about the similarities.

因此，在我们讨论一些差异之前，让我们先谈谈相似之处。

How are " by" and " with" the same?

by"和"with"如何相同？

Well, they both answer the question: How?

好吧，他们都回答了这个问题：如何？

So they're both the answer to the question: How?

因此，它们都是问题的答案：如何？

How do you learn English?

你如何学习英语？

I learn English by watching engVid.

我通过观看engVid来学习英语。

I learn English by reading my dictionary every night.

我每天晚上都通过阅读字典来学习英语。

That's probably not a good idea, but I learn English by talking to people.

这可能不是一个好主意，但我通过与人交谈来学习英语。

So that's answering how you do something.

所以这就是回答你如何做某事。

Similarly with " with" , it also answers the question: How?

与"with"类似，它也回答了一个问题：如何？

How do you write?

你是怎么写的？

Well, I write with a pen.

好吧，我用笔写字。

How do you eat dinner?

晚餐吃得怎么样？

I eat dinner with a fork.

我用叉子吃晚饭。

Or I eat dinner with chopsticks.

或者我用筷子吃晚餐。

So they both answer the same question: How?

所以他们都回答了同样的问题：如何？

But they are a little bit different, so let's look at these differences now.

但是它们有点不同，所以现在让我们来看看这些差异。

Okay, so let's look at some example sentences with " by" .

好吧，让我们看一些带有"by"的示例句子。

" I turn on the computer by pushing the on button." Okay?

"我通过按下打开按钮打开计算机。好？

So this is, again, answering the question: How?

因此，这再次回答了这个问题：如何？

How do you turn on the computer?

如何打开计算机？

Well, I turn on the computer by pushing the on button.

好吧，我通过按下打开按钮打开计算机。

I want you to take a moment to look at this sentence.

我想让你花点时间看看这句话。

What comes after " by" ?

by"之后是什么？

We have here " pushing" .

我们在这里有"推动"。

" Pushing" is a verb.

"推"是一个动词。

So I'm just going to underline this.

所以我要强调这一点。

So we often use. . .

所以我们经常使用...

After " by" we often have a verb when we're explaining how something is done.

在"by"之后，当我们解释某件事是如何完成的时，我们经常会有一个动词。

Let's look at another example.

让我们看另一个示例。

" I keep healthy by exercising." So, again, after " by" you'll notice we have a verb: " exercise" .

"我通过锻炼保持健康。所以，再一次，在"by"之后，你会注意到我们有一个动词："练习"。

In this case it's " exercising" .

在这种情况下，它是"锻炼"。

So, one of the first things to notice is after " by" we often have a verb.

因此，首先要注意的一件事是在"by"之后，我们经常有一个动词。

I have here: " by verb" , but that's not all.

我在这里有："动词"，但这还不是全部。

If you look at the verb, what form is the verb in?

如果你看看动词，动词是什么形式？

Well, take a moment.

好吧，花点时间。

What do " pushing" and " exercising" have in common?

推"和"锻炼"有什么共同之处？

They both end in " ing" , so I'm going to write here: " ing" .

它们都以"ing"结尾，所以我将在这里写："ing"。

So we use " by" , after " by" comes a verb, and then comes " ing" .

所以我们使用"by"，在"by"之后是一个动词，然后是"ing"。

You know: How do you keep clean?

您知道：如何保持清洁？

I keep clean by showering.

我通过淋浴保持清洁。

How do you study?

你如何学习？

I study by. . .

我学习由...

Well, not hanging out with my friends, that would be terrible for studying.

好吧，不和我的朋友一起出去玩，这对学习来说很糟糕。

I study by reading over my notes.

我通过阅读笔记来学习。

So after " by" we have the verb and " ing" .

因此，在"by"之后，我们有动词和"ing"。

So let's do one together.

因此，让我们一起做一个。

" I learned karate (or karate) by _________ YouTube." What do you think the verb would be?

"我通过__YouTube学习空手道（或空手道）。你认为动词会是什么？

We could say: " by watch" .

我们可以说："通过手表" 。

Is that right?

是吗？

" . . . by watch YouTube" ?

" ...通过观看YouTube" ？

No, we need the " ing" , perfect.

不，我们需要"ing"，完美。

" I learned karate by watching YouTube." Okay?

"我是通过观看YouTube学习空手道的。好？

So, again, this is very useful because any time you're explaining how, if you have a verb and " by" then you can explain how you do something.

所以，再一次，这是非常有用的，因为任何时候你解释如何，如果你有一个动词和"by"，那么你可以解释你如何做某事。

Okay, now let's look at some of. . .

好吧，现在让我们来看看其中的一些...

Some more differences between " with" and " by" .

with"和"by"之间的更多差异。

So before I begin teaching you more about " by" and " with" , I just want to say that these are the general rules, and there are always times in English when rules are broken or when there are exceptions.

因此，在我开始教你更多关于"by"和"with"之前，我只想说这些是一般规则，在英语中总有规则被打破或有例外的时候。

And so these are the most basic of the rules with " by" and " with" .

因此，这些是"by"和"with"的最基本规则。

Okay, so now let's look at when we're talking about a noun.

好吧，现在让我们来看看我们什么时候在谈论一个名词。

We've just talked about using " by" with a verb ending in " ing" to answer how to do something.

我们刚刚谈到了使用"by"和以"ing"结尾的动词来回答如何做某事。

Well, we can also talk about how. . .

好吧，我们也可以谈谈如何...

When. . .

什么时候。。。

By using a noun.

通过使用名词。

So, to remind you what a noun is, it's usually a person, a place, a thing, or maybe an idea.

所以，提醒你名词是什么，它通常是一个人，一个地方，一件事，或者一个想法。

So let's look at some examples.

让我们看一些例子。

Oh, before we get to some examples, one of the major rules when we come to " by" is we often use it with communication.

哦，在我们讨论一些例子之前，当我们来到"by"时，一个主要规则是我们经常用它来沟通。

So when we're talking about how we communicate, we usually use " by" .

因此，当我们谈论如何沟通时，我们通常使用"by"。

We also use " by" a lot when we're talking about transportation.

当我们谈论交通时，我们也经常使用"by"。

There are also a lot of other exceptions, but the main ones that I want you to know for now is when we're talking about transportation and communication.

还有很多其他例外，但我现在想让你知道的主要例外是我们谈论交通和通信的时候。

So, for example: " I will contact you by email." " Email" is an example of a noun.

因此，例如："我会通过电子邮件与您联系。"电子邮件"是名词的一个例子。

So this is not a verb.

所以这不是一个动词。

In this case this is a noun.

在本例中，这是一个名词。

" I will contact you by email." And email is a form of communication.

"我会通过电子邮件与您联系。电子邮件是一种沟通形式。

We can change this to: " I will contact you by phone." , " I will contact you by Messenger." , " I will contact you by pigeon." That would never happen, but just an example of what I mean by communication.

我们可以把它改成："我会通过电话联系你"，"我会通过信使联系你"，"我会通过鸽子联系你。这永远不会发生，但这只是我所说的沟通的一个例子。

" I will message you by text." Okay?

"我会通过短信给你发消息。好？

So, again, these are communicated-based.

所以，再一次，这些都是基于沟通的。

Then we use " by" for transportation when we're talking about nouns.

然后，当我们谈论名词时，我们使用"by"作为交通工具。

So, what are some examples of nouns for transportation?

那么，交通名词有哪些例子呢？

We have buses, subways, bikes, boats, airplanes, ferries.

我们有公共汽车，地铁，自行车，轮船，飞机，渡轮。

These. . .

这些。。。

Motorcycle, taxi, Uber.

摩托车，出租车，优步。

These are all forms of transportation and they're all nouns.

这些都是交通工具，都是名词。

So we can use " by" when we're talking about these nouns.

因此，当我们谈论这些名词时，我们可以使用"by"。

" I will go by bus." , " I came by car." You'll also notice something.

"我会坐公共汽车去的，"我开车来的。你还会注意到一些东西。

When we use " by" and we're using a noun, we don't usually have the article there.

当我们使用"by"并且我们使用名词时，我们通常不会在那里有文章。

So I don't say: " I will go by a bus." or " I came by a car." It's usually without any article.

所以我不会说："我会坐公共汽车去"或"我乘车来"。它通常没有任何文章。

" I will go by bus." So there's no " the" , no " a" here.

"我坐公交车去。"所以这里没有"the"，没有"a"。

" I will go by subway." , " I will go by airplane." , " I will go by bike." Okay?

"我会坐地铁去的"，"我会坐飞机去的"，"我会骑自行车去的。好？

So, again, we often use " by" with nouns when we're talking about communication or transportation, and then there are some other times we talk about them, various exceptions also, but this is the main rule.

所以，再一次，当我们谈论通信或交通时，我们经常使用"by"和名词，然后还有其他一些时候我们谈论它们，也有各种例外，但这是主要规则。

So now let's look at " how" .

所以现在让我们来看看"如何"。

I mean not " how" , " with" .

我的意思是不是"如何"，"与"。

Let's look at " with" .

让我们来看看"与"。

Okay, so now let's talk about " with" .

好了，现在我们来谈谈"与"。

So just like " by" , " with" answers the same question: How do you do something?

因此，就像"by"，"with"回答了同样的问题：你如何做某事？

Okay?

好？

So the question is: How?

所以问题是：如何做到？

So I have here some examples.

所以我这里有一些例子。

How do Italians talk?

意大利人如何说话？

Well, you know, they talk in different ways, but: " Italians talk with their hands." for example.

嗯，你知道，他们以不同的方式说话，但是："意大利人用手说话"，例如。

How do you point?

你如何指出？

" I point with my fingers." Okay.

"我用手指指着。好。

So, these are some examples with " with" .

因此，这些是带有" with"的一些示例。

So when we were talking about " by" , we looked at " by" followed by a verb and followed by nouns, and we talked about how the nouns usually have to do with communication or transportation.

因此，当我们谈论"by"时，我们查看了"by"，后跟动词，后跟名词，我们讨论了名词通常与通信或运输的关系。

With " with" we use it usually with a noun.

对于"with"，我们通常将其与名词一起使用。

So, again, a noun is a person, place, or thing, like " hands" is a noun, " fingers" is a noun.

所以，再一次，名词是人，地方或事物，就像"手"是名词，"手指"是名词。

And we usually use " with" . . .

我们通常使用"与"...

And again I'm saying usually because there's a lot of other cases we use it, but this is the main rule.

我再说一遍，通常是因为我们有很多其他情况使用它，但这是主要规则。

We use " with" with body parts, with. . .

我们使用"与"与身体部位，与...

When we're talking about tools or different instruments.

当我们谈论工具或不同的工具时。

So, for example: " Italians talk with their hands." So we have " with" here and we have a body part: " hands" .

例如："意大利人用手说话。所以我们这里有"与"，我们有一个身体部位："手"。

Maybe, you know, people who are deaf often talk with their hands.

也许，你知道，聋哑人经常用手说话。

" I point with my fingers." , " I point with my toes." Okay?

"我用手指指着，"我用脚趾指着。好？

So, again, we have another body part: " fingers" .

所以，再一次，我们还有另一个身体部位："手指" 。

" I think with my brain." , " I smile with my teeth and lips." , " I run with my legs." Okay?

"我用我的大脑思考"，"我用牙齿和嘴唇微笑"，"我用腿跑。好？

So we use it for body parts.

所以我们用它来做身体部位。

We can also use it when we're talking about tools or instruments.

当我们谈论工具或仪器时，我们也可以使用它。

So when I'm talking about instruments I'm talking about things we use.

因此，当我谈论仪器时，我指的是我们使用的东西。

" I cleaned the floor. . ." How?

"我打扫了地板..."如何？

How did you clean the floor?

你是如何打扫地板的？

" Well, I cleaned the floor with a mop." So a mop is like a tool or an instrument.

"嗯，我用拖把清理了地板。所以拖把就像一个工具或仪器。

You can say: " I cleaned the floor with a broom." , " I cleaned the floor with a dustpan." , " I ate dinner with a fork." So this is answering: How did you eat dinner?

你可以说："我用扫帚清理了地板"，"我用簸箕清理了地板"，"我用叉子吃了晚餐。所以这是在回答：你是怎么吃晚饭的？

" I ate dinner with chopsticks." , " I ate dinner with a spoon." Okay?

"我用筷子吃了晚餐"，"我用勺子吃了晚餐。好？

How did you cook?

你是怎么做饭的？

" I cooked with a microwave." , " I cooked with a pot." , " I cooked with an oven." You know: How did you camp?

"我用微波炉做饭"，"我用锅煮"，"我用烤箱做饭。你知道：你是怎么露营的？

" I camped with a tent." So we use this a lot of the times when we're talking about body parts, tools, or instruments; things that help you do things.

"我用帐篷露营。因此，当我们谈论身体部位，工具或仪器时，我们经常使用它;帮助你做事的事情。

Okay, so we've covered a lot of ground here.

好的，我们在这里介绍了很多内容。

We've covered " by" with verbs, we've covered " by" with nouns, and we've covered " with" with nouns.

我们用动词覆盖了"by"，用名词覆盖了"by"，用名词覆盖了"with"。

So I want to invite you to come check out our website at www. engvid. com. There, you can actually do a quiz to practice everything you learned in this video.

因此，我想邀请您来查看我们的网站 www.engvid.com。在那里，您实际上可以做一个测验来练习您在此视频中学到的所有内容。

You know, there's a lot of information here so I really hope you practice these things.

你知道，这里有很多信息，所以我真的希望你练习这些东西。

I also want to invite you to subscribe to my YouTube channel.

我还想邀请您订阅我的YouTube频道。

There, you can find a lot of other resources about grammar, pronunciation, conversation, listening, and all things English.

在那里，你可以找到很多关于语法，发音，对话，听力和所有英语知识的其他资源。

So until next time, thank you for watching and take care.

所以直到下次，感谢您的观看和照顾。

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