完形填空十种解题方法 如何充分利用文中

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完形填空，首要是理清关系——挖空不会随意乱来，也不会考查语法或同义词辨析。一般都是在上下文有显著衔接的地方。那么什么是“上下文”？什么是衔接、连贯？很多老师说不清、或说不全。本文将其概括为五大类、十种关系。

出现这种句组（注意：所谓句组，即前后句关系相对密切）之间往往有显著的“标记词”。这些标记词绝不局限于“连词”。可以说任何词类都能起到提示作用。

总分关系

1、题文呼应 是否符合文章主旨、属于本文话题范畴(如sports和hiking、healthy）

逐一举例说明：

总分关系

题文呼应

Sometimes you may not understand your parents. One minute they’re friendly, the next minute they’re shouting and screaming loudly enough for the whole street to hear. So who makes them so __85__? You, probably!

85. A. friendly B. lonely C. changeable D. comfortable　

题文呼应：指选项和文章主旨、段落主题、或特定句群表达的中心有关。例如此处通过父母的“时而友好、时而大喊大叫”可以归纳出“多变”这个词。

上下位

Even though you may not realize it, your parents have bought you many clothes. But they’re not buying themselves new things every week, are they? The simple truth is that there are more __87__ things to spend money on, like the electricity bill and food.

87. A. interesting B. difficult C. important D. surprising　

上下位关系：侧重于对事物、现象、概念的分类。例如此处的“账单”、“食物”，这些与我们的衣服相比，属于家庭生活的“重要之物”。

另一种情况则是下文对某现象或概念进行详细的阐述、举例。例如：

Those who have drunk alcohol are _____ in making decisions. They need a few more seconds to react(反应).

91. A. slow B. active C. interested D. excited

并列关系

并列递进

When you take your clothes off, remember to __86__. Get into the habit of taking glasses and plates down to the kitchen. Before long you’ll be doing it without thinking.

86. A. hang them up B. leave them alone

C. put them on D. throw them away　

并列关系：体现在属性相同或类似。例如：脱下衣服后挂起来，和吃完饭把杯子盘子放回厨房一样，都是好的、父母希望的习惯。

很多时候，我们可以从文章中找到这类衔接标记，如in addition，moreover，also，as well，another等。如下面这段：

You might not want to eat, but think of it from the parents’ point of view. If you cook two meals a day, it means 730 meals a year. Can you imagine how boring this can get? Imagine how your parents feel when you say you’re not really hungry. __90__, your parents are probably worried that you aren’t eating enough.

90. A. In addition B. In return C. At most D. At last

重复回指

When we are growing up, some ____80_____ forget to tell us that we are special, that we are good enough. Maybe no one had these when they were growing up. Anyway, it’s up to us to remind them from time to time that each of us, in our own way, is special. What we are is enough.

80. A. friends B. scientists C. parents D. doctors

重复回指：前文已经提到过的概念、人物、事件。例如：文章前面提到“每个人都是特别的”，但父母经常拿我们和别人相比。在成长中“有些父母忘了告诉我们：我们是特别的。”

有些时候，重回或回指不一定是同一个词，而是同样意义的词。例如下面这段中，后面的do good to提示此处可用helpful。

But have you ever heard of a forest fire that can be ____86____ for a forest? People start some of the fires with a special reason to actually do good to the eco-system.

86. A）helpful B）powerful C）harmful D）awful

对比关系

相反对照

They get into or out of cars in the middle of the road. Some do not take the trouble to ______ the green lights and simply cross the roads against the red lights.

87. A. turn on B. worry about C. wait for D. point out

相反对照：突出对比两个不同甚至相反的关系。例如这里，和闯红灯行为相反的，应该是耐心“等候”绿灯。

转折让步

We wish that we could be better at sports or more attractive. We wish we had nicer clothes or more money. Everyone likes to feel that he or she is special. __75___ many of us grow up believing that we’re not special at all. We believe we are not good enough just as we are.

75. A. Again B. Next C. Besides D. However

转折关系：更加突出事态发展中的意外变化。例如这里，前面几句都是说我们的愿望，而接下来话锋一转：“然而”事实和愿望总是相反。

让步关系：从句的话题，是给主句做铺垫，为的是引出一个全新的、不同于预期的话题。

You may hate missing a party to visit some boring old relatives. They may go on and on about what a sweet baby you were. You have no choice but to listen. Even if you __88__, your parents won’t change their minds.

88. A. agree B. complain C. listen D. win　

因果关系

原因

Most parents want us to be the best we can be. Very often, they ___76____ us to others. By doing this, they try to encourage us to do better. They mean well, but the message we often get is that we’re not good enough.

76. A. describe B. compare C. introduce D. prefer

因果关系：即由A导致了B这样的客观结果。如上文：父母想让我们成为最好，所以他们总是拿我们跟别人比，通过这么做，他们努力想鼓励我们……

下面的例子则是根据因果关系的存在，得出一个判断。

Plenty of people around may not be as smart as we are, but they are better at sports. Or they may be not as good-looking, but they have more money. It is __78____ for us to be better than everyone else all the time.

78. A. helpful B. impossible C. necessary D. unfair

条件

Every lie requires five more lies. If you keep hiding truth from them, they will not __78__ you. They will not respect you.

78. A. trouble B. remember C. answer D. trust

条件关系：和因果关系不同，是由A推导出B。本段中，明显有if的提示：如果你总是隐瞒事实，他们就会不再信任你。

时空关系

时间顺序

Some trees even need fires to grow. These trees hold their seeds （种子）inside. Heat from a fire allows the coat of the seeds to open up. Then the seeds fall to the ground and have the ____88____ to grow.

88. A）time B）water C）chance D）skill　

时间顺序：这段中没有出现标记词，但是行为动词本身已经说明了先后。

下面这段则有明显的标记词finally。

Eat fewer snacks and leave room for your meals. Finally, offer to __91__ after the meal. Your offer may not be accepted, but your parents will be pleased.

91. A. do the cooking B. lay the table

C. buy some snacks D. wash the dishes　

空间顺序

We all want the things that we believe will make us better people. But very often we don’t realize that we already have ___79____ us the very things that we want. These things make us different from others.

79. A. inside B. among C. around D. for

空间关系：可以是客观世界，也可以引申到精神世界。比如这段中inside us是一个插入的介词短语，意思是“在我们身上”已经有某种自己想要的东西。

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