a-level如何选科（生物知识点整理）
All living organisms are classified into different groups.
所有的生物体都被划分为不同的组别。
This allows a kind of 'filing system' so that any new discoveries are easily incorporated into a group and relationships between groups of similar organisms can be studied.
这允许一种 "归档系统"，这样任何新的发现都很容易被纳入一个组，并且可以研究类似生物组之间的关系。
It also makes international communication easier and more efficient. That is because all new discoveries will have recognised names which are the same in all countries, and they will all belong to a universally accepted groups.
它也使国际间的交流更加容易和有效。这是因为所有的新发现都有公认的名称，这些名称在所有国家都是一样的，而且它们都属于一个普遍接受的群体。
All organisms fit into 1 of 5 'kingdoms'.
所有的生物体都适合于5个 "界 "中的一个。
The 5 kingdoms are called:
- Monera (also known as 'Prokaryota') 单胞动物（又称 "原核生物"）
- Protocista 原生动物
- Fungi 真菌界
- Plantae 植物界
- Animalia 动物界
Here is a table which shows the features of each of the 5 kingdoms:
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Monera: A number of species make up a genus. 若干物种组成一个属。 Another fundamental unit of classification is the species. The species is the lowest level of classification within each Kingdom. 分类的另一个基本单位是物种。物种是每个王国中最低级别的分类。 All members of a species are capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring. They have a particular set of characteristics. 一个物种的所有成员都能够进行杂交，产生可育的后代。它们有一套特定的特征。
A genus is a group of similar or closely related species. 一个属是一组相似或密切相关的物种。 For example: Ranunculus = genus name for buttercups. The Ranuculus genus includes: Ranunculus aquatalis = water crowfoot Ranunculus repens = creeping buttercup 毛茛属=毛茛的属名。毛茛属包括。 毛茛属aquatalis = 水乌贼 毛茛属植物 repens = 爬行毛茛 A genus could include just one species in some examples, but more often it includes several species. 在一些例子中，一个属可能只包括一个种，但更多的情况下，它包括几个种。 The Animalia Kingdom 动物界Most examination boards only require you to have good knowledge on the Animalia Kingdom. 大多数考试委员会只要求你对动物界有良好的了解。 Here are some examples of classifications within the Animalia Kingdom 以下是动物界分类的一些例子:
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