你一定要知道的地震逃生自救知识(地震来袭掌握这些知识)
08月08日21时19分,四川阿坝州九寨沟县发生7.0级地震。据《人民日报》官方微博,截至8月9日13点10分,九寨沟地震已致19人死亡,247人受伤。
08月09日07时27分,新疆博尔塔拉州精河县又发生6.6级地震。据《人民日报》官方微博,截至11时,已致32人受伤。
《中国国家地理》杂志曾报道,中国以占世界7%的国土承受了全球33%的大陆强震,与日本一样都是大陆强震最多的国家。但是与日本相比,我国民众抗震意识相对薄弱。
而这次预报,其实已经是这套系统第38次成功预警我国的破坏性地震。
据成都高新减灾研究所官方网站资料显示,目前,研究所与市县地震局联合应用该技术已建成延伸至31个省市区的、覆盖面积220万平方公里的世界最大的地震预警系统,占我国地震预警一线区面积的90%,提前5年超额完成中国地震预警网建设任务覆盖人口6.6亿人。
系统经过上万次实际地震的公开检验,连续预警网内35次破坏性地震,无一误报、漏报。在全国率先实现地震预警“零”突破和破坏性地震预警“零”突破,使我国成为继墨西哥、日本后,第三个掌握地震预警技术能力的国家。
Graphics: GT
根据@成都高新减灾研究所官方微博发布的下载方法,小编也下载了地震预警手机App。
官方微博留言中,网友反馈称“实测有效”、“已推荐给其他人”等,也有部分网友反映还没覆盖到今天发生地震的新疆地区:
据App内提示,该预警现在还存在盲区,如果没有收到警报但是已经有体感,也需要进行避险。
拥有这款“保命”App之后,我们需要学习的依然还有很多,地理科普网站geology.com做了这样一份总结:
Before the Earthquake
地震发生前
Learn how to survive during the ground motion. The earthquake safety tips there will prepare you for the fast action needed - most earthquakes are over in seconds, so knowing what to do instinctively is very important.
学习在地震中生存的相关知识。地震安全提示可以使你在地震来临时快速作出反应,大多数地震在几秒内就结束了,所以地震时本能反应是非常重要的。
Teach all members of your family about earthquake safety. This includes: 1) the actions you should take when an earthquake occurs, 2) the safe places in a room such as under a strong desk or along interior walls, and 3) places to avoid such as near windows, large mirrors, hanging objects, heavy furniture, and fireplaces.
为每一位家庭成员讲解地震安全知识的重要性,包括:1. 当地震来临时你需要做什么 2. 地震时房间里哪些地方是安全的,比如结实的桌子下面、沿内墙边缘等等 3. 地震时哪些地方不该去,比如窗边、大镜子附近、有悬挂物品的地方、沉重的家具附近,以及壁炉旁边。
Illustration: fema.gov
Stock up on emergency supplies. These include: battery operated radio (and extra batteries), flashlights (and extra batteries), first aid kit, bottled water, two weeks' food and medical supplies, blankets, cooking fuel, and tools needed to turn off your gas, water, and electric utilities.
储备好紧急用品,包括:电池供电的收音机(以及备用电池),手电筒(以及备用电池), 急救箱,瓶装水,足够两周食用的食物和药品,毛毯,烹饪用的燃料,以及用来关闭煤气、水电设施的工具。
Arrange your home for safety: Store heavy objects on lower shelves and store breakable objects in cabinets with latched doors. Don't hang heavy mirrors or pictures above where people frequently sit or sleep.
出于安全考虑,调整房间布局。将重物置于较低矮的架子上,易碎物品置于带锁的柜子中。在睡觉和经常坐的地方不要悬挂沉重的镜子、相框等。
Anchor heavy appliances and furniture such as water heaters, refrigerators, and bookcases. Store flammable liquids away from potential ignition sources such as water heaters, stoves, and furnaces.
较重的家具、电器等需要固定,比如热水器、冰箱、书柜等。可燃液体应放置在远离潜在火源的地方,比如热水器,炉灶等附近。
Get Educated. Learn what to do during an earthquake (see below). Then you will be ready for the fast action needed. Make sure that all members of your family have this important education.
多学习知识,知道自己在地震中应该做什么(见下文),然后你才能具备快速反应能力。确保你的每一位家人都了解这些重要信息。
Learn where the main turn-offs are for your water, gas, and electricity. Know how to turn them off and the location of any needed tools.
了解家中水电、燃气等主开关在哪里,知道如何将它们关闭、需要使用什么样的工具。
地震发生前的学习与准备工作非常关键,占的篇幅也最长,足以说明涨姿势的重要性。由于地震发生时,自救时间往往非常紧迫,如因没有掌握正确方法而惊慌失措、耽误了逃生,后果将会不堪设想。
During the Earthquake
地震发生时
If you are indoors, stay there. Quickly move to a safe location in the room such as under a strong desk, a strong table, or along an interior wall. The goal is to protect yourself from falling objects and be located near the structural strong points of the room. Avoid taking cover near windows, large mirrors, hanging objects, heavy furniture, heavy appliances, or fireplaces.
如果你在室内,就待在室内。迅速向室内安全处移动,比如结实的桌子下面、沿内墙边缘等。当前你的目标是不要被室内落下的物品砸中,以及确保自己处于房屋结构更结实的地方。不要待在窗户、大镜子、悬挂物品、沉重家具电器,以及壁炉附近。
If you are cooking, turn off the stove and take cover.
如果你正在做饭,请关闭炉灶并且盖上盖子。
If you are outdoors, move to an open area where falling objects are unlikely to strike you. Move away from buildings, powerlines, and trees.
如果你在室外,向空旷、开阔处移动,以免被空中坠落的物品砸中,远离建筑物、电线杆以及有树的地方。
If you are driving, slow down smoothly and stop on the side of the road. Avoid stopping on or under bridges and overpasses, or under power lines, trees, or large signs. Stay in your car.
如果你在开车,平缓减速后靠路边停车。请注意不要将车停在桥下,或者是电线杆、树木、大型指示牌旁边。然后待在车里。
下图中就是最简单的室内躲避方法示意图,迅速蹲下后就地躲避。
由于我国与国外居住环境有所不同,中国地震局研究员何永年在接受《生命时报》采访时表示:
地震时,如果你所处的房屋不是危房,建议马上抱头下蹲,就地躲藏。但如果住的是平房,且离门很近,则应在12秒钟内冲出门外。
由于我国城市中高层公寓楼较多,主震过后,还要当心余震带来的危害。因此,主震后无论如何都要从建筑物内迅速撤离到户外。楼层再高,也要往下跑,千万不可选择上楼等待救援或者是乘坐电梯。
如地震后确保房屋不会出现坍塌等情况,为了安全起见,还可以做这些来防止灾后出现燃气泄露、火灾、触电等引发的意外:
After the Earthquake
地震发生后
Check for injuries, attend to injuries if needed, and help ensure the safety of people around you.
检查受伤情况,必要时处理伤口,帮助确保身边其他人的安全。
If you smell or hear a gas leak, get everyone outside and open windows and doors. If you can do it safely, turn off the gas at the meter. Report the leak to the gas company and fire department. Do not use any electrical appliances because a tiny spark could ignite the gas.
如果你听到或者闻到燃气泄露,马上打开门窗并让室内所有人转移。在确保安全的情况下,关闭燃气阀门。向燃气公司和消防人员汇报泄露情况。不要再使用任何电器,因为此时任何细小的火星都可能点燃泄露的气体。
If the power is out, unplug major appliances to prevent possible damage when the power is turned back on. If you see sparks, frayed wires, or smell hot insulation, turn off electricity at the main fuse box or breaker. If you will have to step in water to turn off the electricity, you should call a professional to turn it off for you.
如果停电了,拔掉主要电器的电源,以免突然来电时可能造成损坏。如果发现有火花、断裂或磨损的电线,或者是绝缘体烧焦的味道,通过保险丝盒或者断路器关闭电源。如果在关闭电源途中你需要经过有水的地方,应该请专业人士帮助你关闭电源。
来源:成都高新减灾研究所,36氪,《中国国家地理》,《新京报》,geology.com,fema.gov,《生命时报》,《人民日报》/ 图片除标注外均来自网络
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