牢记语法及知识要点的英文（非常重要的英语弱读）

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牢记语法及知识要点的英文

Hi I'm Oli.

您好，我是Oli。

Welcome to Oxford Online English.

欢迎来到Oxford Online English。

In this lesson you can learn about weak forms in English.

在本节课，您可以学习英文的轻读音。

Weak forms are a really important pronunciation point.

轻读音是很重要的发音要点。

Learning about weak forms can help your speaking, of course, but if can also make a big difference to your English listening.

学习轻读音会对您的口说有帮助，当然， 但是否英文听力会有很大提高。

Let's see how.

我们来看会怎样。

Listen to a sentence:

听一句话：

I gave her a box of chocolates for her birthday.

因为她生日，我给了她一盒巧克力。

So, what are weak forms?

有哪些轻读音？

Some words have two possible pronunciations.

有些词发音可能有两种。

For example, think about the word for in this sentence.

例如，想想这个句子或这个句子的字汇。

If you just read the word by itself, you'll probably say /fɔː/.

如果自己仅读字汇，您可能说/fɔː/。

However, in the sentence, its pronunciation is different.

但是，在句子里，它的发音是不同的。

It becomes /fə/.

会是/f？/。

So, the word for has a weak form.

所以，字汇有轻读音。

Its pronunciation changes.

它的发音改变了。

This isn't just because we're saying it very fast.

这不仅仅是因为我们说的很快。

It has a different sound: /ə/ instead of /ɔː/.

它有不同的声音：/ə/ 取代了/ɔː/。

Can you see any other weak forms in our sentence?

您还可以在我们的句子里看到其他的轻读音吗？

Her, a and of are also weak.

在这，a和of也是轻读音。

Try it!

试试吧！

Read the sentence.

读下句子。

Try to pronounce the weak forms:

试一下发轻读音：

I gave /hərə/ box /əv/chocolates /fəhə/ birthday. So, do all words have weak forms?

那么，所有字汇是不是都有轻读音？

No, there are many words which have weak forms, but not all words do.

不是的，有很多字汇有轻读音， 但并非所有字汇都有轻读音。

In this lesson, you'll see which words have weak forms, when to use them, and how to pronounce them correctly.

在本节课里，您会看到有轻读音的字汇， 什麽时候用他们，以及怎样正确地发他们的轻读音。

Words which have weak forms are often 'grammar' words.

有轻读音的字汇常常是"语法"字汇。

Words which carry the main meaning of a sentence don't usually have weak forms.

表达句子主要含义的字汇， 通常没有轻读音。

That means most nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs don't have weak forms.

这意味着大多数的名词、动词、 形容词和副词都没有轻读音。

Prepositions like to, for, as, of or at have weak forms.

介词，如to、for、as、of或at有轻读音。

Pronouns like you, your, that or there can have weak forms.

代词，像是you、your、that或是there 可以有轻读音。

Some conjunctions like and or but can also have weak forms.

某些连接词，例如and或but也可能有轻读音。

Also, auxiliary verbs often have weak forms.

同样，助动词通常有轻读音。

That means words like do, does, was, would, can, are, and so on.

这意味着像是do、does、was、 诸如此类的字汇。

Lots of information, I know!

资讯太多了，我知道！

Let's do some examples.

我们来用一些例子。

Look at a sentence:

看一个句子：

Are you coming to the cinema with us tomorrow?

您明天会和我们一起去电影院吗？

There are five weak forms in this sentence.

这句话有五个轻读音。

Can you find them? Listen one more time.

您可以找到吗？再听一遍。

Are you coming to the cinema with us tomorrow?

您明天会和我们一起去电影院吗？

Can you hear where the weak forms are?

您可以听出轻读音在哪里吗？

The weak forms are:

轻读音是：

Are, which is pronounced /ə/.

Are，发音是/ə/。

You, which becomes /jə/.

You，发音是/jə/。

To, which is pronounced /tə/.

To，发音是 /tə/。

The. The is almost always weak, but it is technically a weak form: /ðə/.

The几乎总是轻读音， 但是他是一个技术上的轻读音/ðə/。

Finally, us is weak; it becomes /əs/.

最後，us是轻读音；他发音是 /əs/。

So you can see that the weak forms are the auxiliary verb (are), the pronouns (you, us), and the preposition (to).

这样，您可以看到轻读音是助动词（are）、 代词（you、us）、和介词（to）。

Also, do you notice anything about the pronunciation of the weak forms?

此外，您有没有注意到有关轻读音发音的 任何事情吗？

In all of the weak forms, you can see this sound: /ə/.

在所有轻读音里，您都可以看到这个音：/ə/。

This sound, the schwa, is common in weak forms.

这个音，schwa在轻读音里很常见。

Almost all weak forms have a schwa sound.

几乎所有的轻读音都有一个schwa音。

Let's do one more example, for practice.

我们再用一个例子来练习。

Listen to another sentence:

听另外一句话：

What does he do at the weekends?

周末他做什麽？

Can you hear the weak forms?

您可以听到轻读音？

If not, can you guess which words are weak here? Listen one more time.

如果不可以，那您可以猜出在这里哪些字汇 是轻读音吗？再听一遍。

What does he do at the weekends?

周末他做什麽？

Does is weak.

Does是轻读音。

It's pronounced /dəz/.

发音是/dəz/。

At is also weak.

At也是轻读音。

It becomes /ət/.

发/ət/音。

The is weak, as before: /ðə/.

The是轻读音，像之前一样： /ðə/。

So, here's a question: why is does weak but do is not?

这样，有一个问题：为什么Does是轻读音？ 但do不是？

It's because does is an auxiliary verb.

那是因为does是一个助动词。

It's just there to make a question; it doesn't add any meaning to the sentence.

这就有一个问题；他在句子里没有任何含义。

Do is the main verb.

Do是主要的动词。

It carries meaning.

带有含义。

Words which carry meaning have their full pronunciation, and won't be weak.

有含义的字发音完整，不会发轻音。

Again, you can see that all of the weak forms have the schwa sound: /ə/.

再次，您可以看到所有轻读音都有schwa音：/ə/。

There are many more weak forms, but the number of words with weak forms is limited.

轻读音有很多，但是轻读音的字汇数量 是有限的。

Depending on how you define 'weak form', there are maybe 30-60 words which have weak pronunciations.

依据您定义"轻读音"的方式， 大约30-60个字汇是有轻读音发音。

For now, remember the general idea: 'grammar' words like prepositions, pronouns and auxiliary verbs often have weak forms.

现在，记住一般的观念："语法"字汇， 像是介词、代词和助动词通常有轻读音。

Okay, so now you know a bit about weak forms, but when should you use them?

好了，现在您对轻读音有了一点了解， 但是什麽时候要用他们呢？

In an English sentence, some words are pronounced with more stress than others.

在英文句子里，某些字汇的发音 比其他的更重。

Generally, the words which carry the main meaning are stressed, while 'grammar' words like prepositions, pronouns and so on are not stressed.

通常，有主要含义的字汇 发音是重的，同时"语法"字汇，类似介词、代词之类的 不会重读。

Words which are not stressed can be weak forms.

不是重读的字汇可以轻读。

For example:

例如：

How long have you been waiting here?

您在这里等了多久？

Can you hear which words are stressed?

您可以听到那些字汇是重读音吗？

The words how, long and waiting are stressed:

how、long和waiting是重读音：

HOW LONG have you been WAITING here? The unstressed words can be weak.

不是重读音的字汇可以轻读。

Have and you have weak forms.

Have和you有轻读音。

They're pronounced together.

他们合并发音。

You say: /əvjə/.

您说：/əvjə/。

Been and here aren't stressed, but these words don't have weak forms, so the pronunciation stays the same.

Been和here不是重读的，但是这些字汇 没有轻读音，所以发音保持不变。

Let's do one more example:

我们再用一个例子：

I could have done more if I'd had more time.

如果我有更多的时间， 我可以做得更多。

Which words are stressed here, and which words do you think are weak?

您认为在这里哪些字汇是重读的，哪些是轻读的？

Listen one more time.

再听一遍。

I could have done more if I'd had more time.

如果我有更多的时间， 我可以做得更多。

The stressed words are done, more, had, more and time.

重读的字汇是done、more、had、more和time。

The weak forms are could and have.

轻读的是could和have。

Had is also weak in the contraction I'd; a contraction like I'd is really just a weak form which is written.

Had在他的缩写形式I'd也是轻读的； 一个缩写形式像是I'd真的只是像写的那样轻读。

So, could have is pronounced /kədəv/.

所以，他可以发 /kədəv/。

The other unstressed words, like if and I, don't have weak forms, so their pronunciation doesn't change.

其他的非重读的字汇，像是if和I， 没有轻读音，所以他们的发音不变。

Okay, so now you know that weak forms are words with two possible pronunciations, and you know when to use the weak pronunciation of a word.

好吧，现在您知道轻读音的是那些有 两种可能的发音的字汇，并且您知道什麽时候用一个字汇的轻读音。

But, if there are two possible pronunciations, what about the other one?

但是，如果有两个可能的发音，那么另一个呢？

The opposite of a weak form is a strong form.

轻读音的反义词是重读音。

You know that weak forms depend on sentence stress.

您知道轻读取决于句子的重读。

However, sentence stress is not fixed.

但是，句子的重读不是固定的。

Sentence stress depends on the situation, and the exact ideas you're trying to express.

句子重读取决於语境和您想要表达的确切想法。

Let's look at an example we saw before:

我们再看下之前的示例：

How long have you been waiting here?

您在这等了多久？

We said that in this sentence, the stressed words would normally be how, long and waiting.

我们说过，在这句话里， 重读的字汇通常来说是how、long和waiting。

However, imagine you're talking to several people.

但是，您想像一下，您正在和几个人交谈。

You ask the question to one person, but a different person answers.

您问其中一个人一个问题，但是另一个人却回答了。

You ask person A, but person B thinks you're talking to him, and he answers instead.

您问A，但B认为您在和他说话，他来回答了。

So, you ask the question again to person A. This time, it sounds different:

所以，您再问A一次。这次看起来有点不一样：

How long have YOU been waiting here? Why does it sound different?

为什么看起来不一样？

And what's the difference?

有什麽区别？

This time, you're emphasising the word you, because you want to make it clear who you're talking to.

这次，您强调了you这个字汇， 因为您清楚地表达了您在和谁说话。

That means that you is pronounced with its full pronunciation: /jʊː/.

这就是说您会发完整的音：/jʊː/。

Let's do one more example.

我们再用一个例句。

We'll look at another sentence from before:

我们看下之前的另一句话：

Are you coming to the cinema with us tomorrow?

明天您会和我们一起去电影院吗？

Normally, the stressed words would be coming, cinema and tomorrow.

通常来说，重读的字汇会是 coming、cinema和tomorrow。

However, imagine that you thought your friend wasn't coming.

但是，假设您认为您的朋友不会去。

Someone had told you that she was busy, and couldn't come with you.

有人告诉您她很忙，不能和您一起去。

So now, when you ask the question, it sounds different:

所以，当您问她问题时，看起来有点不一样了：

ARE you coming to the cinema with us tomorrow?

This time, you emphasise the word are, because you thought your friend couldn't come, and you're showing surprise.

这次，您强调一个字汇are，因为 您认为您的朋友不会来，并也显得很吃惊。

So, if you want to emphasise a word, you should use the strong form.

所以，如果您强调一个字汇， 您必须用强读。

Strong forms have the full pronunciation.

强读有完整的发音。

Emphasis depends on meaning, so the same word in the same sentence can be pronounced differently in different situations.

强调取决於意思，因此在不同语境下， 同一个句子里相同的字汇的发音可能不同。

There's one more rule: the last word of a sentence can never be weak.

还有另一个规则：句子的最後一个 字汇重来都不是轻读的。

For example:

例如：

What are you looking at?

您在看什麽？

The stressed words here are what and looking.

重读的字汇是在这您要找的。

Are and you are weak; they're pronounced /əjə/.

Are和you是轻读；他们发/əjə/音。

At has a weak form, and it's not stressed in this sentence.

At有一个轻读， 在这句话里不重读。

However, the last word of a sentence can't be weak.

但是，句子最後一个字汇是不能轻读的。

That means at gets its full pronunciation, /æt/.

这就是说要完整发音，/æt/。

Now, hopefully you understand what weak forms are, when to use them, and when not to use them.

现在，我们希望您了解什麽是轻读， 什麽时候用他们，什麽时候不用他们。

So, let's do some practice!

这样，我们做一些练习！

First, look at three sentences:

首先，看三个例句：

Think about which words will be stressed, and which words will be weak forms.

考虑哪些词汇要重读， 以及哪些词汇要轻读。

Pause the video and think about it if you need more time.

如果您需要更多时间， 暂停影片，考虑一下。

Next, I'll read the sentences.

接下来，我会念这些例句。

Listen for stressed words and weak forms.

听一下重读的字汇和轻读的字汇。

Were your ideas right?

您觉得是对的吗？

Does she really think she should do it?

她真的以为她应该这样做？

What did you do to your hair?

您的头发怎么了？

What were you doing when she called you?

她打给您时，您在做什麽？

Let's look together.

我们一起看下。

Does she really think she should do it?

她真的以为她应该这样做？

Here, really, think and do are stressed.

在这里，really、think和do要重读。

Does and should are weak.

Does和should要轻读。

Try saying the sentence with the stress and weak forms.

试着用重读和轻读念例句。

Repeat after me:

跟我重复一遍：

Does she really think she should do it? Try once more, a little faster:

再试一次，念快一点：

Does she really think she should do it? How was that?

怎样？

Can you pronounce the weak forms correctly?

您可以正确地发轻读音吗？

One important point: weak forms are always connected to the words before and after.

要点一：轻读始终和前後的字汇相连接。

So does needs to be joined to she: /dəsʃi/

所以，does要和she连起来：/dəsʃi/

Should needs to be pronounced together with she and do: /ʃiʃəd. dʊː/

Should要和she及do一起发音：/ʃiʃəd. dʊː/

Let's look at our next sentence:

我们看下个例句：

What did you do to your hair?

您的头发怎么了？

Here, what, do and hair are stressed.

Here、what、do和hair要重读。

You, to and your are weak.

You、to和your要轻读。

Try saying the sentence with the stress and weak forms.

试着用重读和轻读念例句。

Repeat after me:

跟我重复：

What did you do to your hair? Let's try again, at natural speed:

我们再试一次，用自然速度：

What did you do to your hair? Okay, let's look at our last sentence:

好了，我们看下最後一句：

What were you doing when she called you?

她打给您时，您在做什麽？

Here, what, doing and called are stressed.

Here、what、doing和called要重读。

Were and you are weak.

Were和you要轻读。

The you on the end is not stressed, but not weak, either, because it's the last word of the sentence.

那个在句末的you不重读， 但也不要轻读，因为它是句子的最後一个字汇。

Try saying the sentence with the stress and weak forms.

试着用重读和轻读来念例句。

Repeat after me:

跟我重复：

What were you doing when she called you? Let's try again, at natural speed:

再试一次，用自然速度：

What were you doing when she called you? Remember, if you want more practice, you can review this section and try as many times as you need to!

请记住，如果您想多练习， 您可以复习本节课并根据您的需要多试几次！

Okay, hopefully you've learned something new about weak forms and English pronunciation.

好吧，我们希望您会了解轻读和 英语发音的新知识。

Check out our website for more free lessons like this:

Oxford Online English. com. Thanks for watching, see you next time!

感谢收看，下次见！

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