孙子兵法全文拼音版（孙子兵法13用间篇）

《孙子兵法》是中国现存最早的兵书，也是世界上最早的军事著作，被誉为“兵学圣典”。共有六千字左右，一共十三篇（1 始计篇；2 作战篇；3 谋攻篇；4 军形篇；5 兵势篇；6 虚实篇；7 军争篇；8 九变篇；9 行军篇；10 地形篇；11 九地篇；12 火攻篇；13 用间篇）。

内容涵盖国家战略、军事战略、治军理念、战斗战术。

孙子曰：凡兴师十万，出征千里，百姓之费，公家之奉，日费千金；内外骚动，怠于道路，不得操事者，七十万家。相守数年，以争一日之胜，而爱爵禄百金，不知敌之情者，不仁之至也，非人之将也，非主之佐也，非胜之主也。故明君贤将，所以动而胜人，成功出于众者，先知也。先知者，不可取于鬼神，不可象于事，不可验于度，必取于人，知敌之情者也。

孙子说：凡兴兵10万，千里征战，百姓的耗费，国家的开支，每天要花费千金，全国上下动荡不安，民众服徭役，疲惫于道路，不能从事耕作的有70万家。战争双方相持数年，是为了胜于一旦，如果吝啬爵禄和金钱不重用间谍，以致不能了解敌人情况而遭受失败，那就太“不仁”了。这样的将帅，不是军队的好将帅，不是国君的好助手；这样的国君，不是能打胜仗的好国君。英明的国君，良好的将帅，之所以一出兵就能战胜敌人，成功地超出众人之上的，其重要原因，在于他事先了解敌情。而要事先了解敌情，不可用迷信鬼神和占卜等方法去取得，不可用过去相似的事情作类比也不可用观察日月星辰运行位置去验证，一定要从了解敌情的人那里去获得。

Sun Tzu said: Raising a host of a hundred thousand men and marching them great distances entails heavy loss on the people and a drain on the resources of the State. The daily expenditure will amount to a thousand ounces of silver. There will be commotion at home and abroad, and men will drop down exhausted on the highways. As many as seven hundred thousand families will be impeded in their labour.

Hostile armies may face each other for years, striving for the victory which is decided in a single day. This being so, to remain in ignorance of the enemy's condition simply because one grudges the outlay of a hundred ounces of silver in honours and emoluments, is the height of inhumanity.

One who acts thus is no leader of men, no present help to his sovereign, no master of victory.

Thus, what enables the wise sovereign and the good general to strike and conquer, and achieve things beyond the reach of ordinary men, is foreknowledge.

Now this foreknowledge cannot be elicited from spirits; it cannot be obtained inductively from experience, nor by any deductive calculation.

Knowledge of the enemy's dispositions can only be obtained from other men.

entail [ɪn'teɪl] 需要；使蒙受；【法】限定(继承人)；限定继承权；预定继承人的顺序；

commotion [kə'moʊʃ(ə)n] 骚动；混乱；动乱；暴动；

impede [ɪm'pid] 阻碍；受阻；妨碍；受到阻碍；

outlay ['aʊt.leɪ] （启动新项目的）开支；支出；费用；花费；

emolument [ɪ'mɑljəmənt] 薪水；报酬；酬金；薪酬；

foreknowledge [fɔr'nɑlɪdʒ] 预知；事先知道；先见；先见之明；预知性；

elicit [ɪ'lɪsɪt] 引出；诱出(回答等)；

inductively 归纳地；诱导地；感应系数；

deductively 演绎；演绎法；演绎性；

故用间有五：有因间，有内间，有反间，有死间，有生间。五间俱起，莫知其道，是谓神纪，人君之宝也。因间者，因其乡人而用之。内间者，因其官人而用之。反间者，因其敌间而用之。死间者，为诳事于外，令吾间知之，而传于敌间也。生间者，反报也。

使用间谍有五种：有因间，有内间，有反间，有死间，有生间。五种间谍同时都使用起来，便敌人莫测高深而无从应付，这是神妙的道理，是国君制胜敌人的法宝。所谓因间，是指利用敌国乡里的普通人做间谍。所谓内间，是指收买敌国的官吏做间谍。所谓反间，是指收买或利用敌方派来的间谍为我效力。所谓死间，是指故意散布虚假情况，让我方间谍知道而传给敌方，敌人上当后往往将其处死。所谓生间，是指派往敌方侦察后能活着回报敌情的。

Hence the use of spies, of whom there are five classes: (1) Local spies; (2) inward spies; (3) converted spies; (4) doomed spies; (5) surviving spies.

When these five kinds of spy are all at work, none can discover the secret system. This is called “divine manipulation of the threads”. It is the sovereign's most precious faculty.

Having local spies means employing the services of the inhabitants of a district.

Having inward spies, making use of officials of the enemy.

Having converted spies, getting hold of the enemy's spies and using them for our own purposes.

Having doomed spies, doing certain things openly for purposes of deception, and allowing our own spies to know of them and report them to the enemy.

Surviving spies, finally, are those who bring back news from the enemy's camp.

convert ['kɑn.vɜrt] 转换；改造；【逻】转换；【商】兑换；皈依者

故三军之事，莫亲于间，赏莫厚于间，事莫密于间。非圣智不能用间，非仁义不能使间，非微妙不能得间之实。微哉！微哉！无所不用间也。间事未发，而先闻者，间与所告者皆死。

所以军队人事中，没有比间谍再亲信的，奖赏没有比间谍更优厚的，事情没有比用间更机密的。不是才智过人的将帅不能使用间谍；不是仁慈慷慨的将帅也不能使用间谍；不是用心精细、手段巧妙的将帅不能取得间谍的真实情报。微妙啊！微妙啊！真是无处不可使用问谍呀！用间的计谋尚未施行，就被泄露出去，间谍和知道机密的人都要处死。

Hence it is that with none in the whole army are more intimate relations to be maintained than with spies. None should be more liberally rewarded. In no other business should greater secrecy be preserved.

Spies cannot be usefully employed without a certain intuitive sagacity.

They cannot be properly managed without benevolence and straightforwardness.

Without subtle ingenuity of mind, one cannot make certain of the truth of their reports.

Be subtle! be subtle! and use your spies for every kind of business.

If a secret piece of news is divulged by a spy before the time is ripe, he must be put to death together with the man to whom the secret was told.

divulge [dɪ'vʌldʒ] 泄漏(秘密等)；揭发；宣布；

凡军之所欲击，城之所欲攻，人之所欲杀，必先知其守将，左右，谒者，门者，舍人之姓名，令吾间必索知之。

凡是要攻击的敌方军队，要攻的敌人城邑，要斩杀的敌方人员，必须预先了解那些守城将帅、左右亲信、掌管传达、通报的官员、负责守门的官吏以及门客幕僚的姓名，命令我方间谍一定要侦察清楚。

Whether the object be to crush an army, to storm a city, or to assassinate an individual, it is always necessary to begin by finding out the names of the attendants, the aides-de-camp, the doorkeepers and sentries of the general in command. Our spies must be commissioned to ascertain these.

aide-de-camp [.eɪd də 'kɑmp] 〈外〉【军】随从武官[参谋]；副官；幕僚；侍从武官；随从参谋；侍从副官；

必索敌人之间来间我者，因而利之，导而舍之，故反间可得而用也。因是而知之，故乡间、内间可得而使也；因是而知之，故死间为诳事，可使告敌。因是而知之，故生间可使如期。五间之事，主必知之，知之必在于反间，故反间不可不厚也。

必须搜索出敌方派来侦察我方的间谍，以便依据情况进行重金收买、优礼款待，要经过诱导交给任务，然后放他回去，这样，反间就可以为我所用了。从反间那里得知敌人情况之后，所以乡间、内间就可得以使用了。因从反间那里得知敌人情况，所以散布给死间的虚假情况就可以传给敌人。因从反间那里得知敌人情况，所以生间就可遵照预定的期限，回来报告敌情。五种间谍使用之事，国君都必须懂得，其中的关键在于会用反间。所以，对反间不可不给予优厚的待遇。

The enemy's spies who have come to spy on us must be sought out, tempted with bribes, led away and comfortably housed. Thus they will become converted spies and available for our service.

It is through the information brought by the converted spy that we are able to acquire and employ local and inward spies.

It is owing to his information, again, that we can cause the doomed spy to carry false tidings to the enemy.

Lastly, it is by his information that the surviving spy can be used on appointed occasions.

The end and aim of spying in all its five varieties is knowledge of the enemy; and this knowledge can only be derived, in the first instance, from the converted spy. Hence it is essential that the converted spy be treated with the utmost liberality.

昔殷之兴也，伊挚在夏；周之兴也，吕牙在殷。故惟明君贤将，能以上智为间者，必成大功。此兵之要，三军之所恃而动也。

从前商朝的兴起，是由于重用了在夏为臣的伊尹；周朝的兴起，是由于重用了在殷为官的姜子牙。所以，明智的国君、贤能的将帅，能用极有智谋的人做间谍，一定能成就大的功业。这是用兵作战的重要一着，整个军队都要依靠间谍提供情报而采取行动。

Of old, the rise of the Yin dynasty was due to I Chih who had served under the Hsia. Likewise, the rise of the Chou dynasty was due to Lü Ya who had served under the Yin.

Hence it is only the enlightened ruler and the wise general who will use the highest intelligence of the army for purposes of spying, and thereby they achieve great results. Spies are a most important element in war, because on them depends an army's ability to move.

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