不为人知的深海鱼(每日外刊0904-在深海中被发现)

背景知识

海里有一种鱼,它的半个头部区域是完全透明的,可以从外面直接看到它脑袋里的构造,那两片绿绿的东西乍一看很像是鱼脑袋里有个盆栽。

海洋科学家在加利福尼亚海岸附近太平洋海底数千英尺处发现了这种奇怪的鱼,它被称为太平洋桶眼鱼(学名是“Macropinna microstoma”),是一种很难被捕捉到的鱼,迄今为止仅在野外发现了9次。蒙特雷湾水族馆研究所 (MBARI) 的研究人员使用ROV(遥控车)探索了太平洋沿岸最深的水下山谷之一。12 月 9 日,科学家们在推特上发文说,他们已经派出ROV进行了5600多次潜水,试图一睹海下的风采。蒙特雷湾水族馆的资深水族爱好者Thomas Knowles表示,在蒙特雷海底峡谷约650米深处,ROV拍摄到了一条悬浮在水中的桶眼鱼。桶眼鱼的眼睛在 ROV 的灯光下发出亮绿色的光,可以很清晰地看到,它的头被一种透明的、充满液体的防护罩包裹着。

不为人知的深海鱼(每日外刊0904-在深海中被发现)(1)

正文阅读

Discovered in the deep: the incredible fish with a transparent head

在深海中被发现:不可思议的透明头鱼

In the ocean's shadowy twilight zone, between 600 and 800 metres beneath the surface, there are fish that gaze upwards through their transparent heads with eyes like mesmerising emerald orbs. These domes are huge spherical lenses that sit on a pair of long, silvery eye tubes – hence its common name, the barreleye fish (Macropinna microstoma).

在海洋阴暗的界限地带,即海面下600至800米处,有一种鱼通过它们透明的头部向上凝视,其眼睛就像迷人的绿宝石球体。这些圆顶是巨大的球形透镜,位于一对长长的、银色的眼管上——因此它的俗名是桶眼鱼(Macropinna microstoma)。

The green tint (which actually comes from a yellow pigment) acts as sunglasses, of a sort, to help them track down their prey. There's nowhere to hide in the open waters of the deep ocean and many animals living here have glowing bellies that disguise their silhouette and protect them – bioluminescent prey is hard to spot against the dim blue sunlight trickling down. But barreleyes are one step ahead. Their eye pigment allows the fish to distinguish between sunlight and bioluminescence, says Bruce Robison, deep-sea biologist at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute in California. It helps barreleyes to get a clear view of the animals trying to erase their shadows.

这种绿色(实际上来自一种黄色色素)在某种程度上起到了太阳镜的作用,以帮助它们追踪猎物。在深海的开阔水域没有藏身之处,生活在这里的许多动物都有发光的腹部,这可以掩盖它们的轮廓并保护它们——在昏暗的蓝色阳光下,发光的猎物很难被发现。但桶眼鱼却领先一步。加利福尼亚州蒙特雷湾水族馆研究所的深海生物学家布鲁斯·罗宾逊说,它们眼睛的色素可以让鱼区分阳光和生物发光。这有助于桶眼鱼清楚地看到试图抹去它们的影子的动物。

The barreleye's tubular eyes are extremely sensitive and take in a lot of light, which is useful in the inky depths of the twilight zone. But Robison was initially mystified that their eyes seemed fixed upwards on the small spot of water, right above their heads. "It always puzzled me that their eyes aimed upward, but the field of view did not include their mouths," says Robison. Imagine trying to eat scraps of food floating in front of you, while fixing your eyes on the ceiling.

桶眼鱼的管状眼睛非常敏感,能吸收大量的光线,这在海底深处很有用。但罗宾逊最初感到迷惑的是,它们的眼睛似乎一直盯着头顶上方的那个小水点。罗宾逊说:“它们的眼睛向上瞄准,但视野中却不包括它们的嘴,这一直让我感到困惑。”想象一下,你试着吃着漂浮在你面前的食物残渣,眼睛却盯着天花板。

今日单词

  • transparent /trænsˈpærənt/ adj. 透明的,清澈的;
  • shadowy /ˈʃædoʊi/ adj. 幽暗的,多阴影的;昏暗的;
  • twilight /ˈtwaɪlaɪt/ n. 黄昏,薄暮时分;暮光;
  • gaze /ɡeɪz/ vi. 凝视,注视;
  • dome /doʊm/ n. 穹顶,圆屋顶;半球形物;
  • spherical /ˈsfɪrɪk(ə)l/ adj. 球形的,球状的;(与)球体(有关)的;
  • hence /hens/ adv. 因此;之后;
  • tint /tɪnt/ n. 浅色,色调,淡色调;
  • pigment /ˈpɪɡmənt/ n. 色素;颜料;
  • prey /preɪ/ n. 猎物,捕获物;受害者;
  • glowing /ˈɡloʊɪŋ/ adj. 发出柔和光亮的;(颜色)明亮温暖的;
  • belly /ˈbeli/ n. 腹部;
  • disguise /dɪsˈɡaɪz/ vt. 掩饰,隐瞒;
  • silhouette /ˌsɪluˈet/ n.(浅色背景衬托出的)暗色轮廓;剪影,(尤指人脸的)侧影;
  • bioluminescent /ˌbaɪoʊˌluːmɪˈnesnt/ adj. 生物性发光的;
  • dim /dɪm/ adj. 暗淡的,昏暗的;模糊的,看不清的;
  • erase /ɪˈreɪz/ vt. 抹去,擦掉;删除;忘却;消除;
  • inky /ˈɪŋki/ adj. 漆黑的;墨水的;给墨水弄污的;
  • initially /ɪˈnɪʃəli/ adv. 开始,最初;
  • mystify /ˈmɪstɪfaɪ/ vt. 使神秘化;使迷惑,使困惑;

素材来源

文本选自:USA Today(今日美国)

作者:Dinah Voyles Pulver

原文发布时间:30 Aug. 2022

每日美句

Energy and persistence conquer all things.

能量加毅力可以征服一切。

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