学术硕士论文字数问题（双非研究生读文献）

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今天小编以论文《基于概率和对偶犹豫模糊信息的决策方法及应用研究》为例，为大家带来《博士论文前言赏析》，一起来看看吧！

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Today xiaobian to paper "Based on probability and dual hesitation fuzzy information decision method and application research" as an example, for everyone to bring "Doctoral thesis preface appreciation", let's have a look!

【1】原文

摘要（节选）：

随着科学技术的不断发展，人类面临的社会问题越来越复杂。面对各种大量而且不确定的信息，如何更加合理有效地处理信息并完成必要的决策已经变得越来越重要。决策者利用犹豫模糊集及其扩展形式能够有效地表达不确定的决策信息。本文基于概率和对偶犹豫模糊信息，深入研究了其多准则决策方法并将其应用于实际的决策问题。本文的研究工作主要包括以下几个方面：

Abstract (Excerpt) :

With the continuous development of science and technology, the social problems faced by human beings become more and more complex. Faced with a variety of large and uncertain information, how to deal with information more reasonably and effectively and complete the necessary decision has become more and more important. Decision makers can effectively express uncertain decision information by using hesitation fuzzy set and its extended form. Based on probability and dual hesitation fuzzy information, this paper deeply studies its multi-criteria decision making method and applies it to practical decision making problems. The research work of this paper mainly includes the following aspects:

(1)研究基于对偶犹豫模糊信息的决策准则之间具有相互作用关系的多准则群决策方法。首先利用模糊测度来刻画决策准则之间的相互作用关系，使得到的决策准则权重信息能够更精确地表达它们之间的关系。然后研究了对偶犹豫模糊信息的比较方法和距离测度，基于前景理论和直觉模糊数的得分函数的思想，提出了新的对偶犹豫模糊元素的得分函数和比较方法。此外，基于新的得分函数和传统的距离测度，提出了新的对偶犹豫模糊元素的距离测度。最后，基于新的得分函数和新的距离测度，提出能够解决决策准则之间具有相互作用关系的群决策对偶犹豫模糊VIKOR方法，并且讨论了其在商业合作伙伴选择问题上的应用。

(1) A multi-criteria group decision making method based on dual hesitation fuzzy information with interaction between decision criteria is studied. Firstly, fuzzy measure is used to describe the interaction between decision criteria, so that the weight information of decision criteria can express the relationship between them more accurately. Then, the comparison method and distance measure of dual hesitating fuzzy information are studied, and a new score function and comparison method of dual hesitating fuzzy elements are proposed based on the idea of prospect theory and intuitive fuzzy number score function. In addition, based on the new score function and the traditional distance measure, a new distance measure of dual hesitating fuzzy element is proposed. Finally, based on the new score function and the new distance measure, the dual hesitation fuzzy VIKOR method of group decision is proposed to solve the interaction relationship between decision criteria, and its application in business partner selection is discussed.

(2)研究基于对偶犹豫模糊集优先度和决策专家专业度的多准则群决策方法。首先，基于犹豫模糊信息的优先度的特点，定义了基于两两比较的对偶犹豫模糊集的优先度。然后基于数据的均匀性和稳定性，提出了基于对偶犹豫模糊信息的决策专家的隶属专业度和非隶属专业度测度。之后提出了对偶犹豫模糊信息的新的熵测度，并结合决策专家的隶属专业度和非隶属专业度测度提出了决策专家的决策专业度测度。从隶属专业度、非隶属专业度和决策专业度三个方面分析决策专家对具体决策问题的专业度水平，从而确定决策专家的隶属权重、非隶属权重和决策权重。最后，提出基于优先度和决策专家专业度的群决策方法，它能够从三个方面考虑备选方案的排序以获得更加合理的决策结果，并且将提出的多准则群决策方法应用于中国农村土地流转政策推广的决策问题。

(2) Multi-criteria group decision making method based on dual hesitation fuzzy set priority and decision expert expertise is studied. Firstly, the priority of dual hesitancy fuzzy sets based on pairwise comparison is defined based on the characteristics of priority of hesitancy fuzzy information. Then, based on the uniformity and stability of the data, we propose the subjection specialization and non-subjection specialization measures of decision experts based on dual hesitation fuzzy information. Then, a new entropy measure of dual hesitation fuzzy information is proposed, and the decision expertise measure of decision experts is proposed by combining the subjection expertise measure and the non-subjection expertise measure of decision experts. This paper analyzes the professional level of decision-making experts on specific decision-making problems from the three aspects of subjection professional degree, non-subordination professional degree and decision-making professional degree, so as to determine the subjection weight, non-subordination weight and decision-making weight of decision-making experts. Finally, a group decision making method based on priority and expertise of decision experts is proposed, which can consider the ranking of alternatives from three aspects to obtain more reasonable decision results, and the proposed multi-criteria group decision making method is applied to the decision making problem of the promotion of rural land transfer policy in China.

(3)研究如何挖掘决策专家给出的犹豫模糊信息中的深层犹豫信息，提出了正态波动犹豫模糊集并应用于实际决策问题。考虑到犹豫模糊集无法完全表达决策专家的全部犹豫信息，基于orness测度提出了犹豫模糊元素的真实偏好度，它能够反映决策专家对犹豫模糊元素整体的数据倾向性。利用正态分布的特点，确定决策专家对犹豫模糊元素中每个数值的正态波动不确定范围，提出了基于犹豫模糊元素的正态波动范围。结合区间犹豫模糊集和三角犹豫模糊集的特点，基于真实偏好度和正态波动范围构建了正态波动犹豫模糊集。此外，研究了其必要性质，提出了基于正态波动犹豫模糊集的基本运算法则、得分函数和集成算子。最后，给出基于正态波动犹豫模糊集的集成算子的多准则群决策方法并应用于环境质量评价问题。

(3) How to mine the deep hesitation information from the hesitation fuzzy information given by decision experts is studied, and the normal fluctuation hesitation fuzzy set is proposed and applied to practical decision making. Considering that the hesitancy fuzzy set cannot completely express all the hesitancy information of decision experts, the real preference degree of hesitancy fuzzy elements is proposed based on Orness measure, which can reflect the overall data orientation of decision experts to hesitancy fuzzy elements. Based on the characteristics of normal distribution, the uncertainty range of normal fluctuation for each value in the hesitating fuzzy element is determined, and the normal fluctuation range based on the hesitating fuzzy element is proposed. Combining the characteristics of interval hesitation fuzzy set and triangular hesitation fuzzy set, the normal fluctuation hesitation fuzzy set is constructed based on the true preference degree and normal fluctuation range. In addition, the necessary properties are studied, and the basic algorithm, score function and integration operator based on the normal fluctuation hesitation fuzzy set are proposed. Finally, a multi-criteria group decision making method based on normal fluctuation hesitation fuzzy sets is proposed and applied to environmental quality assessment.

(4)基于概率对偶犹豫模糊信息，提出扩展的TODIM方法并应用于企业战略评价问题。首先，为了比较概率对偶犹豫模糊信息，提出了概率对偶犹豫模糊元素的修正的得分函数，它不仅弥补了现有比较方法中可能忽略偏差度的不足而且修正了偏差度中标准差的计算方法。然后，通过分析概率对偶犹豫模糊信息的特点，提出了概率对偶犹豫模糊集的等概率距离测度，使距离测度的计算更加简便而且符合人们的认知。最后，基于修正的得分函数和等概率距离测度，将TODIM方法扩展到概率对偶犹豫模糊情形并将其应用于解决企业战略评价问题。

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(4) Based on probabilistic dual hesitation fuzzy information, an extended TODIM method is proposed and applied to enterprise strategy evaluation. Firstly, in order to compare probabilistic dual hesitancy fuzzy information, a modified score function of probabilistic dual hesitancy fuzzy element is proposed, which not only makes up the deficiency of ignoring the deviation degree in the existing comparison methods, but also corrects the calculation method of the standard deviation in the deviation degree. Then, by analyzing the characteristics of probabilistic dual hesitation fuzzy information, the equal probability distance measure of probabilistic dual hesitation fuzzy set is proposed, which makes the calculation of distance measure more convenient and accord with people's cognition. Finally, based on the modified score function and equal probability distance measure, the TODIM method is extended to the probabilistic dual hesitancy fuzzy case and applied to solve the enterprise strategy evaluation problem.

(5)基于概率对偶犹豫模糊信息，提出集成的VIKOR-AHP多准则群决策方法并将其应用于企业的人工智能战略选择问题。在概率对偶犹豫模糊元素的修正的得分函数基础上，考虑到普遍情况下决策专家对负面评价(非隶属度)的敏感度更大，而且考虑了基于犹豫模糊元素的真实偏好值，提出了概率对偶犹豫模糊元素的综合得分函数，该得分函数能够反映决策专家的数据倾向。结合概率对偶犹豫模糊集的等概率距离测度和综合得分函数，提出了概率对偶犹豫模糊信息的一般距离测度，该测度能够从两个方面考虑不同信息之间的距离。此外，首次提出了概率对偶犹豫模糊判断矩阵的概念，研究了其一致性指标检测、提升方法，用于确定多准则群决策中决策专家和决策准则的权重。最后，基于综合得分函数、一般距离测度和概率对偶犹豫模糊判断矩阵，提出了集成的VIKOR-AHP多准则群决策方法，将其应用于企业的人工智能战略选择问题。

关键词：群体决策；多准则决策；对偶犹豫模糊集；概率对偶犹豫模糊集；正态波动犹豫模糊集

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(5) Based on probabilistic dual hesitation fuzzy information, the integrated VIKOR-AHP multi-criteria group decision making method is proposed and applied to the artificial intelligence strategy selection problem of enterprises. Dual hesitate in probability fuzzy elements on the basis of the modified scoring function, considering the common situation decision-making expert to negative evaluation (not membership degree) the sensitivity of the larger, but also considers the fuzzy elements based on hesitate real preference value, puts forward the probability dual hesitant fuzzy elements of the comprehensive scoring function, the score function can reflect the decision-making expert data tendency. Combining the equal probability distance measure of probabilistic dual hesitation fuzzy set and the comprehensive score function, a general distance measure of probabilistic dual hesitation fuzzy information is proposed, which can consider the distance between different information from two aspects. In addition, the concept of probabilistic dual hesitation fuzzy judgment matrix is proposed for the first time, and its consistency index detection and promotion method is studied to determine the weight of decision experts and decision criteria in multi-criteria group decision making. Finally, based on comprehensive score function, general distance measure and probabilistic dual hesitation fuzzy judgment matrix, an integrated VIKOR-AHP multi-criteria group decision making method is proposed to apply it to enterprise artificial intelligence strategy selection.

Key words: group decision making; Multi-criteria decision making; Dual hesitation fuzzy set; Probabilistic dual hesitation fuzzy set; Normal fluctuation hesitation fuzzy set

【2】分析

（1）摘要结构

在写论文摘要时需要注意它的五要素，分别是问题陈述、目的、方法、结果和结论。

问题描述是指描述文章所要解决的问题，并说明该问题的重要性。

目的是指围绕要解决的问题，指出研究的范围、目的、重要性和前提条件，比问题的描述更加具体。

在方法介绍中需要简述课题的工作流程，文章研究的主要内容是什么，在这个过程中做了哪些工作。如果该方法是自己构建的，那么在摘要中说明本文提出了什么样的方法。

结果是指陈述研究之后重要的发现、成果和价值。论文中可出现多个结果，在摘要里只需要呈现经过归纳和可形成重要结论的结果。

结论与结果不同，它是指对课题的研究所得出的已证实的正确观点，并在结论中说明该课题对现实的价值。

When writing an abstract, you need to pay attention to its five elements, which are the problem statement, purpose, method, results, and conclusion.

Problem description refers to the description of the problem that the article aims to solve and the importance of the problem.

The purpose is to point out the scope, purpose, importance and preconditions of the research around the problem to be solved, which is more specific than the description of the problem.

In the method introduction, it is necessary to briefly describe the work flow of the subject, what is the main content of the article research, and what work has been done in this process. If the method is constructed by yourself, then state in the abstract what kind of method this paper proposes.

Outcomes refer to the statement of significant findings, outcomes and values following the research. Multiple results can appear in the paper, and only the results that can be summarized and lead to important conclusions need to be presented in the abstract.

The conclusion is different from the result, it refers to the proven correct view of the research on the subject, and the value of the subject to reality is stated in the conclusion.

（2）写作注意事项

在撰写摘要时，需要注意的事项有：

① 避免内容与引言和结论中的部分相同。

② 在表明结论时不能夸大其词，需要实事求是。

③ 五要素的顺序不能错位，重要性较低的部分可以适当省略。

④ 摘要长度不能太长，也不能过短。

⑤ 摘要中不能出现图表、公式，不能引用其他文献。

In writing the summary, some points to note are:

① Avoid parts of the same content as the introduction and conclusion.

② In stating the conclusion, we should not exaggerate it and seek truth from facts.

③ The order of the five elements can not be misplaced, and the part of low importance can be appropriately omitted.

④ The length of the abstract should not be too long, nor too short.

⑤ Charts and formulas should not appear in the abstract, and other literatures should not be cited.

（3）关键词的选取

论文的关键词可以从标题和论文主体中进行提取。

论文的标题体现了论文的主题、研究方法等内容，因此选择关键词应首先考虑从标题中选取。

同时，部分论文的标题并不具体，如果仅从标题中选取关键词，会忽略掉一些关键信息。我们在对文献进行主题分析，弄清该文的主题概念和中心内容后，从摘要、前言、结论等蕴含重要信息的章节中提取与主题概念一致的词和词。

The key words of the paper can be extracted from the title and the body of the paper.

The title of the paper reflects the theme of the paper, research methods and other content, so the selection of keywords should be first considered from the title.

At the same time, the titles of some papers are not specific. If keywords are only selected from the titles, some key information will be ignored. After making a topic analysis of the literature and clarifying the theme concept and central content of the article, we extracted words and words consistent with the theme concept from the chapter containing important information such as abstract, preface and conclusion.

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翻译参考来源：Deepl。

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Translation reference source: Deepl.

内容参考来源：

[1] 任智亮. 基于概率和对偶犹豫模糊信息的决策方法及应用研究[D] .东南大学,2019.

[1] Ren Zhiliang. Research on Decision Method and Application based on Probability and Dual Hesitation Fuzzy Information [D]. Southeast University,2019.

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