宾补的六种形式(什么是宾语补足语)

宾补的六种形式(什么是宾语补足语)(1)

宾语补足语指在英语中有些及物动词,接了宾语意义仍不完整,还需要有一个其他的句子成分,来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等,简称宾补。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词(也可以是句子)充当,第二部分表示第一部分的名词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等,称为宾语补足语。

能够充当宾补的还有:不定式,现在分词,过去分词,名词,副词,介宾短语。一般情况下,宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。

构成宾语补足语的几种形式:

1、宾语 to或v.:

I can't get him to talk.

我无法让他开口。

宾补的六种形式(什么是宾语补足语)(2)

They invited the girl to swim. 他们邀请那个女孩去游泳。

His mother asks him to do his homework. 他妈妈让他做家庭作业。

Tom wants me to give him some money. 汤姆要我给他一些钱。

常跟复合宾语的动词有:call(叫),name(称呼),make(做),think(思考),find(找),leave(离开),keep(保持),nominate(任命),choose,elect(选举),define(定义),regard(认为), see(看),recognize(认出),treat,take,consider(考虑),look up,refer to(提到),accept(接受),acknowledge(承认),describe,depict(描述),represent(表现出),declare(宣称),denounce(指责),employ(雇佣),use(使用),show(展示),organize,express(表达)等(包括使役动词)。

动词原形作宾补

【感官类系动词】【look看起来/sound听起来/feel摸起来/taste尝起来/smell闻起来】

对应有【 感官类实义动词】,见下面所列

表看含义的:【look at 看着/ see 看见/ notice 留意/ watch 观看/ observe 观测】

表听含义的:【hear听见/ listen to 听着】

表感受含义的:【feel 感到】

主语 感官实义动词 人 【动词/动词词组】

Tom made the girl cry. 汤姆让女孩哭了。

My mother makes me wash the car carefully. 我妈妈让我仔细地洗车。

He saw a man play the violin. 他看见了一个男人拉小提琴。

I watched you leave.

我看着你离开。

Let her go.

让她走。

help接宾语补足语时,不定式可以带to,也可不带。

Help me (to) choose a good one.

帮我一起挑个好的。

She sometimes helps her mother (to) wash clothes. 她有时帮她妈妈洗衣服。 I helped him (to) find his things. 我帮他找东西. They were helped to complete the project. 他们得到帮助完成项目。

如果宾语和宾补是逻辑上的被动关系,则宾补须用过去分词形式,如:

Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period.

珍妮希望史密斯先生建议一个好办法,让她在短期内提高英语写作。

如果宾语和宾补是逻辑上的主动关系,则宾补须用现在分词形式,如:

He could hear his heart beating fast.

他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。

hope,demand,suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语。

I hope you can give me a hand.

我希望你能帮我一把。

宾补的六种形式(什么是宾语补足语)(3)

2、宾语 名词

I want my car this color.我希望我的小汽车是这种颜色的。

They elected Lucy their monitor. 他们选 Lucy当他们的班长。

名词词组their monitor作【宾语补足语】

We call him Jack. 我们叫他杰克。He considers himself an expert on the subject. 他认为自己是这门学科的专家。

表示心理状态的动词consider,think,believe,discover,find,imagine,judge,suppose,prove等。这类动词后的不定式通常是“to be 形容词或名词”结构,think,consider,find后的to be常可省略。

We consider him (to be) a good teacher.

我们认为他是一个好老师。

3.宾语 分词

常见的make /have/get/ sth. done

He saw a man playing the violin. 他看见一个男人正在拉小提琴。

They can get their ears pierced. 他们可以使得他们的耳朵被打孔。

I keep the car under the tree. 我把车停在树下。

The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.

经理们讨论了他们希望明年实施的计划。

I see him being beaten.

我看着他被人打了。

宾补的六种形式(什么是宾语补足语)(4)

I once saw him beating in a bar.

我曾见他在酒吧里打架了。

I smell something burning in the kitchen.

我闻到厨房里有东西正在烧着。

I saw her beaten inside school gate.

我目睹她在校门内被人打了。

Deputies saw a car parked here last night.

代理人看到一辆车昨晚停在这。

The young couple were both occupied by various matters, so they decided to have it organized by a wedding company. (have sth 过去分词 意为让某事被做)

夫妻双方都忙,所以他们让婚庆公司来操办他们的婚礼。

I saw them playing football. 我看见他们正在踢足球。 When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by a pretty young nurse. 当他醒来后, 他发现一个年轻漂亮的护士在照料他。

I had my bike stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。I saw the ground covered with snow. 我看到地上覆盖着雪。

4、宾语 形容词或副词

Charming as he found her,she had struck him as rather presumptuous.

尽管他觉得她很美,他仍然认为她相当高傲。

I find learning English difficult.我发现学习英语很难。

He thought desirable most of the women in the room.

他认为房间里的大部分妇女都合乎要求。(宾语补足语提前)

Do you think his idea wrong? 你认为他的意见错了吗? We must keep our classroom clean. 我们必须保持教室清洁。

Send them back. 把它们退回去。 I can't get the nail out. 我没法把这个钉子拔出。 Please turn the light off before you leave. 离开前请关灯。

5、宾语 介词短语

She likes to keep everything in good order.

她喜欢一切东西都放得整整齐齐。

Last Sunday I saw you out with your sister.

上星期天我看见你和你妹妹出去了。

To her surprise, she found herself in a different world.

令她惊讶的是,她发现自己身处一个不同的世界。

宾补的六种形式(什么是宾语补足语)(5)

特别注意,介词with/without 的宾语也常可有宾语补足语,构成复合结构, 表示方式、补充说明、伴随动作、 时间、 条件或原因等。常见with 复合宾语的几种形式下次文章在讨论。

6、宾语 从句

We will make our hometown what your hometown is now.

我们将使我们的家乡成为你们现在的家乡那样。

最后提醒一下,如果一个句子作宾语,这个宾语也是可以带宾语补足语的:

I consider what he did foolish.

我认为他所作的一切很愚蠢。

I consider what he said (to be ) important.

我认为他所说的话很重要。

He found what was going around him unusual.

他发觉发生在他周围的事情很不寻常。

7、主 谓语 it 宾补 真正宾语

I found it pleasant to be with your family. 我觉得和你的家人在一起很愉快。

We think it our duty that we should help the poor. 我们认为帮助穷人是我们义不容辞的责任

在复合宾语中,宾语通常为名词或代词,但有时也可以用不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或that从句来充当。这时,应使用先行it代替宾语,而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部,如:

I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings. 我觉得有必要谈谈我们的缺点。

Do you consider it any good trying again? 你认为再试一次有什么好处吗?

We all thought it a pity that you couldn’t join us. 我们都认为你不能参加我们感到很遗憾。

注意:在这种结构中,宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词;常用于这种结构的动词有: feel, find, think, make, take, judge, consider 等。

宾补的六种形式(什么是宾语补足语)(6)

,

免责声明:本文仅代表文章作者的个人观点,与本站无关。其原创性、真实性以及文中陈述文字和内容未经本站证实,对本文以及其中全部或者部分内容文字的真实性、完整性和原创性本站不作任何保证或承诺,请读者仅作参考,并自行核实相关内容。文章投诉邮箱:anhduc.ph@yahoo.com

    分享
    投诉
    首页