高中英语代词高频考点(高考英语巧学代词)
代词【巧学妙记】,今天小编就来说说关于高中英语代词高频考点?下面更多详细答案一起来看看吧!
高中英语代词高频考点
代词
【巧学妙记】
英语人称代词用法口诀:
人称代词主宾格,作用不同莫用错。
主格动词前作主,动词介词后宾格。
You和it主宾同,其他主宾须分清。
人称代词并列现,尊重他人礼当先。
单数人称二三一,复数人称一二三。
若把错误责任担,第一人称我靠前。
英语物主代词用法口诀:
物主代词分两种,形容词性名词性。
形容词性能力差,自己不能来当家。
句子当中作定语,身后定把名词加。
物主代词名词性,相当名词可单用。
句中充当主宾表,身后没有名词影。
两种代词形不同,添个 s 形变名。
his, its不用变,my变mine要记清。
【几组易混不定代词的用法区别】:
1. some和any
二者都可用作名词(作主语或宾语),也可用作形容词(作定语)来修饰可数名词或不可数名词。
(1)some一般用于肯定句中。当some用于单数可数名词前时,表示"某一(个)",与数字连用则有"大概,大约"的意思;用于疑问句时,表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答,或表示请求、建议。
☛I’ve read the story in some book. (某一本)
☛Some girl. is waiting for you at the school gate.(某个)
☛The country has exported some two million bikes this year. ( 大约 )
☛May I have some water? (表示请求)
☛Would you like some apples? (邀请)
(2)any多用于疑问句,否定句和条件句中。在肯定句中,any表示"任何的",修饰单数可数名词。也可用作状语,表示程度。
2. much和many
(1)both两者都,all三者或三者以上,全体;在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。
(2)all指人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数;指物,表示"所有,一切",作主语时,谓语动词用单数,也可用来作定语,修饰不可数名词。
☛All but one are present.(作主语,指人,谓语动词用复数)
☛All is over with him.(作主语,指物,谓语动词用单数)
☛I have forgotten all about it(作宾语)
☛All hope has gone.(修饰不可数名词)
☛They all agree to stay here.(作同位语)
3. much和many
两个词都有"许多"的意思,much表示或修饰不可数名词,many表示或修饰可数名词。在口语中,much或many多用于疑问句或否定句,在肯定句中常用a lot of,lots of,plenty of,a large quantity of,quantities of代替。much还可以用a great deal of代替,many可以用a (1arge) number of代替。
(1)much可用作副词,作状语,表程度。be not much意为"不怎么样",much还可与too连用构成"too much
不可数名词"短语,意为"太多的……","much too 形容词或副词",意为"太……,非常……",是副词词组,修饰形容词、副词,但不修饰动词。
☛The city is much larger than that one.
☛I’ve visited the country and it is not much.
☛There is too much noise in the classroom.
☛I’m much too busy to see visitors.
(2)many a 可数名词单数,表示"许多"。在名词前如果有冠词或指示代词等词时,要用many
of或much of结构。
☛Many a student has gone to the cinema.
☛Many of the/my books are English.
4. each和every
(1)each强调个体,在句子中充当定语、主语、宾语和同位语,指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的每一个。
☛Each room can seat at least fifty people.
☛Each of the students will get a new book.
☛Each student will get a new book
☛The students each will get a new book.
☛There are trees and flowers on each side of the street. (街道只有两边,不能用every)
(2)every强调整体,在句中只能作定语,指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的每一个。还可以构成"every 数词 复数名词","every few 复数名词""every other 单数名词""every 序数词 单数名词"表示"每隔……"。
☛Every one has strong and weak points.
☛Every student has told a story.
☛every three weeks 每隔三个星期,每隔两个星期
☛every other week = every second week 每隔一星期
☛every few weeks(不能说evesy a few weeks) 每隔几个星期
4. either 和neither
either指"两个人或物中的任何一个",表示肯定意义;neither指"两个人或物一个也不",表示否定意义。这两个词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。
①either可放在否定句的句尾,表示"也"。
☛I don’t know either. 我也不知道。
②either可用作连词,"或者,要么"的意思,一般与。or连用,构成"either... or"短语,意为"不是……而是……","或者……或者……"。当这一短语连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词在人称和数上要同最近的主语保持一致。
☛Either he or I am to blame.
☛Is either he or you going to the cinema?
☛Are either you or he going to the cinema?
③either修饰名词时,前面不用物主代词,指示代词或定冠词,可以说"either pen",但不能说"the either pen或either my pen"。
④either用作代词时,可以单独使用,也可和of连用,of后接复数名词,名词前要用一个物主代词,指示代词或定冠词。
☛He doesn’t like either of the two places.
⑤当either of作主语时,动词一般用单数形式,但在否定句和疑问句中,动词也常用复数,特别在口语中。
☛Either of them is good enough.
☛I don’t think either of them are at home.
6. no和 none
(1)no表示"不""无",只能作定语,修饰不可数名词或可数名词单复数,相当于not any或not a。
☛There is no water in th
e bottle.
(2)none表示"没有人,任何人也不",用作名词,相当于no one或not any,常同of连用,构成"None of..."结构
,none作可数名词用时,指三者或三者以上。作主语时谓语动词用单数或复数均可,none作不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数。none在句中作主语或宾语,不作定语,不与名词连用。
☛None of the books are (is) interesting.
【特别注意】
1. "none but 复数名词"作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。
☛None but wolves walk like that.除非狼才会那么走。
2. none和noone的区别:
none回答以howmany/much引出的特殊疑问句或"any of 限定词 名词"或表一定范围的一般疑问句,no one回答以who引出的特殊疑问句及含有anybody或无限定范围的一般问句,简言之,none表示数量,no one表示没有人。
☛— How many students are there in the classroom now?
—None.
☛—How any of you ever been to the Great Wall?
—None.
☛—Who can answer the question?
—No one.
7. other,another, others,any other和the other
(1)other表示泛指,意为"另外的,其他的",常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。如果其前有the,this,some,any,each,every,no以及形容词性物主代词时,其后就可接单数名词。
☛I have no other place to go.
(2)another常用于指三者或三者以上中的"另外一个",泛指单数。可以单独使用,也可以接名词。如果其后接复数名词,则表示"又,再,还"。
☛This cap is too small for me. Show me another (one).
☛We need another three assistants in our company.
(3)others是other的复数形式,表示泛指,意为"别的人或物",但不指全部。特指时在其前加定冠词;前面可加任何限定词以及数量词。
☛He has more concern for others than for himself.
(4)any other表示一个之外的其他任何一个,而不是两个之中的另一个。
☛China is larger than any other country in Asia.
(5)the other表示两者中的另外一个。可以单独使用,也可接单数名词。
☛No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give away to the other.
【高考真题解析】
I. 改错
1.(2017·新课标全国卷I·短文改错)I still remember how hard first day was.
【答案】first前加the/my
【解析】句意:我依然记得第一天是多么艰难。句中特指开始学驾照的第一天,所以在first前加上the。也可以加上my,my first day表示"我(学驾照)的第一天",故在first前加the或my。
2.(2017·新课标全国卷III·短文改错)Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.
(1)【答案】they→that/which
【解析】they不能引导定语从句,因为指代things,所以把they改为that或者which。
(2)【答案】在picture前加the/ this
【解析】单数可数名词前应该有限定词,根据句意可知在picture前加the或者this。
3.(2017·新课标全国卷III·短文改错)This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
【答案】your→my
【解析】考查代词。根据句意可知此处是我高中时代生活的美好回忆,故把your改为my。
【应试点拨】
高考短文改错中关于代词的错误主要是:
1. 代词的主格和宾格(I/me; he/him; she/her; we/us; they/them)错误;
2. 反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误;
3. 代词的单数和复数使用错误;
4. 代词指代错误;
5. 多代词或少代词。
II. 语法填空
1.(2017·新课标全国II卷·语法填空)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using ____________ every day.
【答案】it
【解析】考查代词,这里用it指代前句的the railway,故填it。
2. (2016·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by ____________ (it) mother.
【答案】its
【解析】句意:在我最近的一次看望中,可爱的三个月大的双胞胎中的一只被它的母亲遗弃了。由后面的mother和句意可知,此处指代前面的twin,且应用形容词性物主代词表示所属关系,故用its。
3. (2016·四川)By that time, the panda no longer needed _____________(it) mother for food.
【答案】its
【解析】句意:到那时,这只熊猫不再需要从它的母亲那里获取食物了。此处主语是the panda,用形容词性物主代词its修饰mother。
4. (2016·浙江)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from ___________ in the UK.
【答案】that
【解析】句意:在很多方面,美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系很不一样。这里指代前面的名词education system,同类不同物,所以用that。
5. (2015·陕西)To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the ___ .
【答案】other
【解析】句意:为了让自己暖和起来,这个水手坐在火堆旁,光着脚,用一只脚搓另一只脚。表示两者中的一个……,另一个……,用one...the other...。
6. (2015·四川)Niki is always full of ideas,but ____ is useful to my knowledge.
【答案】none
【解析】句意:Niki总是有很多主意,但是没有一个主意对我的知识有用。三者或三者否定以上用none,可指人也可指物。
7. (2015·天津)The quality of education in this small school is better than ____ in some larger schools.
【答案】that
【解析】句意:这所规模较小的学校的教育质量比一些规模较大的学校的教育质量好得多。表示比较时,指代前面的quality of education要用that,为了避免重复,可以代替前面提到的不可数名词。
8. (2015·福建)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but ____ contained any useful suggestions.
【答案】neither
【解析】考查代词。句意:这个研究组发布了以调查为基础的两个报道,但是都没有有用的建议。根据句意
,两者都不用neither。
9. (2015•新课标全国卷Ⅰ) A few hours before/earlier, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with ____ (it) choking smog.
【答案】its
【解析】此处用形容词性物主代词修饰choking smog。its的意思是"香港的"。
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