虚拟语气8大用法（第二十讲虚拟语气）

一.什么是虚拟语气

语气有两层含义，一是指说话的色彩，我们可以通过话语的语音与语调来改变语言的色彩，第二层含义是指语法含义，是通过语法手段来实现的一种语气。从语法上讲，英语有五种语气即:祈使语气，疑问语气，感叹语气，陈述语气和虚拟语气五种，其中前四种为真实语气。英语虚拟语气也称非真实语气，是通过一定的语法形式来表达非客观存在的动作或状态，表明说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测的一种语气。

二.虚拟语气具体用法

虚拟语主要是通过从句，个别介词（without, but for）或具体语境来表达与客观事实相反，或说话人的主观愿望，假设。在语法形式上主要通过谓语动词的时态来体现，虚拟语气谓语动词时态分为主句谓语时态与从句谓语时态。虚拟语气具体用法如下表：

三.虚拟语气例题解析

1. I ______to my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not available.

A. went B. had gone C. would go D. would have gone

解析：本题是在并列复合句，后半句but I was not available体现了实事上我没有空，所以没有去参加生日晚宴，固选D。

2. - It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella.

- Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we______.

A. hadn’t B. haven't C. didn't D. don't

解析：本题为非真实条件状语从句，从句是与过去事实相反用过去完成时，hadn’t后面省略了brought，所以选A。

3. Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam ______ at the age of six months old.

A. was B. be C. were D. is

解析：本题为虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用，从句谓语用（should） 动词原形，固选B。

4. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he______ able to speak it much better now.

A. will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been

解析：本题是虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的运用，从句为对过去的假设，但主句的结果指的是现在，所以选B。

5. My mom suggests that we ______eat out for a change this weekend.

A. should B. might C. could D. would

解析：本题是虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用，从句谓语用（should） 动词原形，固选A。

6. I should not have laughed if I ______you were serious.

A. thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought

解析：本题是虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的运用，从句指的是过去，固选C。

7. I __________ through that bitter period without your generous help.

A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone

解析：本题是虚拟语气在单句中的运用，介词短语without your generous help.相当于一个与事实相反的条件，固选A。

8. We ______ John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.

A. will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put

解析：本题是虚拟语气在单句中的运用，介词短语. but for his recent injury相当于一个与事实相反的条件，固选D。

9. - Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.

- I wish they _________ always late.

A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been

解析：本题是虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用，从句用过去式，固选A。

10. Had they known what was coming next, they ________ second thoughts.

A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had

解析：本题是虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的运用，从句用了倒装语序，没有连接词，固选D。