日本为什么没放弃汉字（韩国人后悔放弃使用汉字吗）

东亚各国千年以来长期受中华文明的影响，文字尤为深刻，在海外问答论坛Quora上，日本网友提问道：韩国人后悔放弃使用汉字吗？这对他们造成了什么影响？这个问题引起各国网友的围观和热议，他们的意见不尽相同，我们看看他们是怎么回答的。

问题：韩国人后悔放弃使用中国的汉字吗？

日本网友Xuanzi的回答

At the beginning of 2009, the length of the Daegu to Busan section of Gyeonggi Do line two was 254.2 km long. In the 96.6 kilometre section of the track laying, 332 of the 155000 non slag concrete sleepers were severely cracked. The crack area is located in the "ending device" of the concrete sleeper.

2009年初，京畿道二号线工程大邱至釜山段全长254.2公里，在已完成铺轨的96.6公里路段，155000根无渣混凝土轨枕中有332根严重开裂，裂缝区域位于混凝土轨枕的“收尾装置”中。

The device should be filled with water proof foam, but the "waterproof" and "water" in Korean are the same way. The construction company misunderstood the meaning of the drawings and added absorbent materials instead of waterproof materials to the sleepers, resulting in more than 155000 sleepers not meeting the standards and needing to be re laid.

该装置应填充防水泡沫，但韩语中的“防水”和“水”是同一种写法，施工公司误解了图纸的含义，在轨枕上添加了吸水材料，而不是防水材料，导致超过155000根轨枕不符合标准，需要重新铺设。

Of course, South Korean news reports did not directly point out that this was due to the wrong meaning of the mark.

当然，韩国的新闻报道并没有直接指出这是由于标记的含义有误，这就是韩语文字的明显缺陷：表义不明。

Chinese characters spread to the Korean peninsula very early and became an official written language. In addition, at that time, they were also admirers of Chinese culture. In diplomacy, they adhered to "greatness" (small countries serve large countries to protect themselves). Frankly, this was respect for China. At that time, South Korea's history and laws were written in Chinese characters.

汉字很早就传播到了朝鲜半岛，成为官方书写文字，此外，当时他们也是中国文化的崇拜者，在外交上他们坚持“伟大主义”（小国为大国服务以保护自己），坦率地说，这是对中国的尊重，当时，韩国的历史、法律等都是用汉字书写的。

But there are also problems in writing with Chinese characters, because Korean is an inscription and Chinese is an ideograph. In short, it has similarities with both English and Chinese characters, so think about the trouble of switching between the two languages.

但是用汉字书写也有问题，因为韩语是一种铭文，汉语是表意文字，简单来说与英语和汉字都有相似之处，所以想想在两种语言之间切换会有什么麻烦。

In addition, Chinese characters are difficult to write and popularize. Therefore, in the 15th century, King Sejong of the Korean Dynasty and his son king Mengzong took the lead in creating a Korean unique alphabet system, S ŏ nminj ŏ n. This is the predecessor of modern Korean.

此外，汉字很难书写，难以普及，因此，在15世纪，朝鲜王朝的世宗国王和他的儿子蒙宗国王率先创造了一个韩国人独有的字母系统，即Sŏnminjŏn，这就是现代韩国语的前身。

However, South Korea has always considered itself a "Little China" and respects the Han system in everything. It is also known as the "proverb writing system", which is mainly used for civilians and women.

然而，韩国一直认为自己是“小中国”，在所有事情上都尊崇汉族制度，它也被称为“谚语文字系统”，主要用于平民和妇女。

However, with the decline of modern China, especially after the defeat of the Sino Japanese War, North Korea gradually got rid of its status as a vassal state of China, and Japan began to colonize it.

然而，随着近代中国的衰落，特别是中日战争战败后，朝鲜逐渐摆脱了作为中国附庸国的身份，日本开始对其进行殖民统治。

South Korea began to believe that it was no longer possible to rely on China. In other words, as the Koreans said, "we cut off our dependence on the Qing Empire and established the foundation of independence".

韩国开始相信不再可能依赖中国，换句话说，正如韩国人所说，“我们切断了对清帝国的依赖，建立了独立的基础”。

The beginning of autonomy is the introduction of a new written language. At that time, Korean characters and Chinese characters were mixed. The following is a copy of the daily news on August 14, 1945.

自治的开始是全新书面文字的启用。当时，朝鲜文字和汉字混合使用，以下是1945年8月14日《每日新报》的一份副本。

However, after the Second World War, especially after the Korean War, North Korea had to rely on the United States. Everything in the United States was considered civilized and advanced. At this time, South Korean intellectuals also began to promote the "theory of the superiority of inscriptions" and the "theory of the backwardness of Chinese characters".

但在第二次世界大战之后，尤其是朝鲜战争后，朝鲜不得不仰仗美国，美国的一切都被认为是文明和先进的，此时，韩国知识分子也开始宣扬“碑文优势论”和“汉字落后论”。

In 1945, the U.S. military temporarily controlled the government's school affairs department and stipulated that Chinese characters should not be used in primary and junior middle school textbooks, Government documents must be written in Korean.

1945年，美国军方暂时控制了政府的学校事务部，并规定小学和初中教科书不得使用汉字，政府文件必须用朝鲜语书写。

South Korea began to abolish Chinese characters at the official level. In 1948, the Korean constituent assembly promulgated a law on the special use of Korean. Later, Park Chung Hee, who came to power through a military coup, called for the complete abolition of Chinese characters in all Korean publications.

韩国开始在官方层面废除汉字。1948年，韩国制宪会议颁布了专门使用朝鲜语的法律。后来，通过军事政变上台的朴正熙要求在所有韩国出版物中完全废除汉字。

Since then, South Korea's economy has taken off, while China, as a big country, is still backward, and Chinese characters have become a tool for North Korea's political struggle from time to time.

从那时起，韩国经济起飞，而中国作为一个大国仍然落后，汉字也不时成为朝鲜政治斗争的工具。

Some even suggested that Korean and Western culture should be adopted finally, so that South Korea will stay away from Chinese culture and values in East Asia and join western culture dominated by the United States. South Korea is also trying to "break away from Asia and enter Europe".

甚至有人建议最终采用韩国语和西方文化，这样韩国将远离东亚中国文化和价值观，加入由美国主导的西方文化，韩国也在试图“脱亚入欧”。

But the problem is that Korean itself is problematic and imperfect. In addition, South Korea has been immersed in Chinese culture for more than 2000 years. How can it remove Chinese characters so easily?

但问题是韩语本身是有问题的，不健全的。此外，2000多年来，韩国一直沉浸在中国文化中，怎么能这么轻易就去掉汉字呢？

Technically speaking, Korean is a kind of inscription, which can be simply imagined as Chinese pinyin. Therefore, if you only write in Korean, in many cases, the meaning of words is actually different, but the way of writing is the same, which is particularly prominent in the most important social information - People's names.

从技术上讲，韩语是一种碑文，可以简单地想象为汉语拼音，所以，如果你只是用韩语写，在很多情况下，单词意义实际上是不同的，但写的方式是相同的，这在最重要的社会信息——人名中尤为突出。

For example, Zheng and Ding are written in Korean. Isn't that a mess? Therefore, although South Korea abolished Chinese characters, they are still used on Korean identity cards.

例如，郑和丁用韩语都写成정，那不是一团糟吗？因此，尽管韩国废除了汉字，但它们仍然在韩国身份证上使用。

In fact, due to the abolition of Chinese characters in South Korea and the lack of attention to Chinese character education, the negative impact is emerging.

事实上，由于韩国废除了汉字，并且对汉字教育缺乏重视，负面影响正在显现。

Korean vocabulary is divided into Chinese words and inherent words, of which Chinese words account for more than 70%, which is difficult for young Koreans to understand. Young Koreans cannot understand ancient Korean classics, but Chinese people usually understand eight to nine of them, which is too embarrassing.

韩国语词汇分为汉字词和固有词，其中汉字词占70%以上，年轻韩国人难以理解。年轻的韩国人无法理解古代的韩国语典籍，但中国人通常能理解其中的八到九本，这太尴尬了。

China is now South Korea's largest trading partner, largest export market and largest source of imports. South Korea has more than 50000 students in China and is the largest source of foreign students in China. Now the question of whether to restore Chinese characters is mentioned more and more frequently in South Korean society.

中国现在是韩国最大的贸易伙伴、最大的出口市场和最大的进口来源国。韩国在中国有5万多名学生，是中国最大的留学生来源地，现在是否恢复汉字的问题在韩国社会越来越频繁地提及。

It is worth noting that due to the weakening of China's strength in the past two centuries, Koreans began to abandon Chinese culture and reached its peak in the 1980s.

值得注意的是，由于过去两个世纪中国实力的削弱，韩国人开始抛弃中国文化，在上世纪80年代达到顶峰。

In the 1980s, South Korea's economy developed rapidly and was known as the four little dragons of Asia. Basically, Chinese characters were completely deleted from newspapers, magazines and school teaching.

20世纪80年代，韩国经济飞速发展，被称为亚洲四小龙，基本上，汉字从报纸、杂志和学校教学中被完全删除。

There are also many objections in South Korea. The Korean language is the exclusive statement of our understanding of Korean language and life.

韩国国内也有很多反对意见。例如，韩国朝鲜语协会发表声明说，“对朝鲜语的独家使用是我们言论自由和对书面生活的理解所固有的”。

The association also accused "the mixed use of Korean and Chinese has turned the original equal writing life into an unequal writing life, and Chinese characters have hindered the informatization and scientization of South Korea." Such an argument is naturally not worth refuting.

该协会还指责“朝鲜语和汉语的混合使用将原本平等的书写生活变成了不平等的书写生活，汉字阻碍了韩国实现信息化和科学化。”这样的论点自然不值得驳斥。

According to this view, if China uses all Chinese characters, it is equivalent to abandoning informatization and scientization.

根据这一观点，如果中国使用所有汉字，就等同于放弃信息化和科学化。

So Koreans continue to argue. But more and more people are learning Chinese.

所以韩国人继续争论。但是越来越多的人在民间学习汉语。

---

韩国网友Jihyun的回答

Of course not. On the contrary, we are glad to have our own text system. After all, it is more convenient to use.

当然不会。相反，我们庆幸拥有自己的文字系统，毕竟它使用起来更加方便。

Chinese characters have more than 50000 characters, and each word has a different meaning. In contrast, Korean has only 28 characters, which, like English, is phonetic.

汉字有五万多个字符，每个字都有不同的含义，相比之下，韩语只有28个字符，与英语一样，是表语音的。

Fortunately, I don't need to learn Chinese to communicate. It is estimated that your country's text system also needs at least 1000 characters to communicate.

幸亏我不用学习汉语来进行交流，估计你们国家的文字系统也需要至少一千个字符才能进行最基本的交流。

Korean is dominated by proverbs. The only purpose of retaining Chinese characters in Korea is to distinguish homonyms. For the basic understanding of daily life, we only need to know dozens of words. To learn more complex things, it may be up to three or five hundred words, but that's all.

韩语以谚文为主，韩国留用汉字的唯一目的是区分同音异义词，对于日常基本的理解，我们只需要知道几十个字词就可以，要学习更复杂一些的事情，可能最多直到三五百个字词，但仅此而已。

Almost no one in South Korea will take the initiative to learn more than 500 Chinese characters. The vast majority of people have long forgotten their Chinese character knowledge and finally only understand about one or two hundred Chinese characters.

韩国几乎没人会主动学习超过500个汉字，绝大多数人早已经忘记了他们的汉字知识，最终只理解了不过大约一二百个汉字。

In addition, Chinese characters are too difficult to write. They are too detailed and have different arrangements and combinations. A little change and error may mean completely different meanings.

此外，汉字太难写了，它太过于详细，又有不同的排列和组合，稍微一点变动和错误可能就意味着完全不同的意思。

Therefore, we Koreans will not regret it at all.

所以，我们韩国人完全不会后悔。

---

美国网友肯尼斯的回答

Some Korean who knows Hanja well do regret, many more don’t.

一些韩国人很了解韩语，他们会后悔，但更多的韩国人不会后悔。

Korean society believe the biggest contribution made by the abandonment of Hanja was the improvement of the adult literacy, which was 98% in 2008. However, considering Japan has been staying on 99% adult literacy for quite a long time, the great achievement of improving adult literacy in South Korea may thanks more to the successful public education system than to the change of writing system.

韩国社会认为，放弃韩语的最大贡献是成人识字率的提高，2008年为98%。然而，考虑到日本在相当长的一段时间里一直保持99%的成人识字率，韩国在提高成人识字率方面取得的巨大成就可能更多地归功于成功的公共教育体系，而不是书写体系的变化。

Successful education systems in Japan has proofed the difficulty of learning of a mixed writing system could be handled very well. Therefore, Korean society should focus more on comparing the effectiveness of the two systems than arguing on the difficulty of learning.

日本成功的教育体系证明，混合写作体系的学习难度并不是什么障碍，因此，韩国社会应该更多地关注比较这两种制度的有效性，而不是争论学习的难度。

Let’s look at following examples.

让我们看看下面的例子。

“A peaceful sleep” “安睡”

-> Hangul only “평화로운 수면”

->仅韩语“평화로운 수면”

-> Hangul-Hanja mixed “平和로운 睡眠”

->韩语汉语混合“平和로운 睡眠”

-> English-Hanja mixed “a 平和ful 睡眠”

->英语汉字混合“a 平和ful 睡眠”

In a mixed writing system, words with actual meanings and those with grammar use only are separated very well. This feature could greatly enhance the efficiency of reading comprehension than the full Hangul system.

在混合书写系统中，具有实际意义的单词和仅使用语法的单词被很好地分开，与完整的韩语系统相比，这个功能可以极大地提高阅读理解的效率。

Besides, a mixed writing system could reduce the problems caused by the homonyms to the minimum.

此外，混合书写系统可以将同音异义词造成的问题降至最低。

“평화로운 수면” which means “ A peaceful sleep” in the example at above, could also mean “A peaceful water”, as following,

“평화로운 수면” 在上面的例子中，这意味着“平静的睡眠”，也可能意味着“平静的水”，如下所示，

韩语：“평화로운 수면”

-> English “A peaceful sleep” or “A peaceful water”

->英语“安详的睡眠”或“安详的水”

-> Hangul-Hanja mixed “平和로운 睡眠” or “平和로운 水面”

->韩语汉语混合“平和로운 睡眠” or “平和로운 水面”

-> English-Hanja mixed “a 平和ful 睡眠” or “a 平和ful 水面”

->英语韩语混合“a 平和ful 睡眠” or “a 平和ful 水面”

A mixed writing system could also help the Korean people to learn Chinese and Japanese languages much faster than they are doing now. It would also help Chinese and Japanese to learn Korean language in a more effective way than nowadays.

混合书写系统可以帮助韩国人比现在更快地学习汉语和日语，它还将帮助中国人和日本人以比现在更有效的方式学习韩语。

Korean people had been always mix-using Hangul and Hanja since Hangul was invented by King Sejong more than 500 years ago until recently. And I believe it is still the best solution to write and read Korean language.

自从500多年前世宗国王发明韩国语以来，直到最近，韩国人一直混合使用韩国语和汉语，我相信这仍然是书写和阅读韩语的最佳解决方案。

,