虚拟语气三种句型（让人又恨又爱的虚拟语气）

虚拟语气，是个难点，说还是个重点，一点都不为过，天天阅读和学习英语，估计三十分钟左右就能遇到这个冤家；如果你会用，作文里尽可以嘚瑟一两句，那就让文章牛气了不是一星半点儿。

虚拟语气的形式和用法

1、对现在的虚拟，表示与现在事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句的谓语动词用过去式（be的过去式用were.而主句中的谓语动词用would (should,could, might) 动词原形。见下表：

条件状语从句的动词形式

主句的动词形式

If 主语 动词过去式 (be的过去式were.在口语等非正式场合中，I，he，she，it等后面也可用was.但在If I were you中，一定要用were，不能用was.

I (we)should 动词原形

主语 would (might, could)十动词原形

例句：

·If I were you, I should study English.(fact: I am not you, so I shall not study English.)

·If he had time, he would attend the meeting. (fact: He does not have time, so he will not attend the meeting.)

·If they didn’t take physical exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy. (fact: They take physical exercises every day, so they are very healthy.)

·If you went to bed earlier, you would not be so sleepy in the morning. (fact: You often go to bed late, so you are always sleepy in the morning.)

·If this were the case, it would be very awkward. (fact: This is not the case, soit is not awkward.)

2、对过去的虚拟，表示与过去的事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句的谓语动词用过去完成时, 主句的谓语动词用would (should,could, might) 过去分词。见下表：

条件状语从司的动词形式

主句的动词形式

If 主语 had 过去分词

I (we)should have 过去分词

主语 could (might,could) have ＋过去分词

例句：

·If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed in the examination. (fact:You did not take my advice, so you have failed in the examination.)

·I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time at yesterday’s examination. (fact: I did not have more time at yesterday’s exam, so I didn’t check my paper again.)

·He would have already recovered from his illness if he had seen the doctor in time. (fact: He didn’t see the doctor in time, so he has not recovered from his illness.)

·If we had known that she was to arrive yesterday, we could have met her at the station. (fact: We didn’t know that she was to arrive yesterday, so we could not meet her at the station.)

·You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turn, you wouldn’t have got so tired. (fact: We didn’t drive in turn,so you have got so tired.)

3、表示与将来事实相反的假设，对将来表示怀疑，或将来的动作不太可能实现时，条件状语从句和主句的谓语动词有以下形式：

主句的动词形式

(1) If 主语 动词过去式 (be的过去式用were). 通常要与一个表示将来的时间状语连用.

(2)If 主语(任何人称和数) should 动词原形

(3)if 主语(任何人称和数) were to 动词原形

I (we)should 动词原形

主语 would (might, could) 动词原形

例句：

·If it rained tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.

·If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.

·If it were to rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.

·If you should fail, what would you do?

·If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth.

·If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

·I bet Brazil will win the World Cup. If it should lose, I would treat you a meal.

注意：当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。

If you had worked hard, you would be very tired. (从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在。)

If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.

If I were you, I would have gone home.

If she hadn’t trained so hard, she wouldn’t be able to run so fast.

虚拟语气的其他句型和用法

1、用在“wish 宾语从句”中，表示很难实现或不能实现的愿望，可以翻译为“但愿…”, “悔不该…”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式；表示将来的愿望，从句的谓语动词用“would(could) 动词原形”；对过去的事情表示愿望，从句的谓语动词用“had 过去分词” 或“could have 过去分词”。Wish 后面的宾语从句必须用虚拟语气，不管这个愿望是否能实现。如：

I wish it were spring all the year round.

I wish you could go with us.

We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.

注意：wish 与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。Wish表示很难或不大可能实现的愿望，宾语从句用虚拟语气。请比较：

We hope we will succeed. (We don’t know if we will succeed.)

We wish we would succeed. (We know we can hardly succeed.)

2、用在as if/as though, 或even if/even though引导的从句中: 这时，如果从句中表示的动作发生在过去，则谓语动词用had＋过去分词形式；如果指的时现在的状况，则用过去式 (be用were)；指将来则用would(should,could) 动词原形。这里只看从句动作发生的时间，与主句的时态没有关系。

Forexample:

Some metals look at first sight as though they were gold.

He looked as if he were an artist.

He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in the U.S.

He always sounds as if he would help you.

When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken.

Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.

3、在It is (high)time (that)…句型中，后面的从句的谓语动词常用过去式 (be的过去式用were), 或用should 动词原形 (should 不能省略) 来表示。这句话的意思是“（现在）该…”。For example:

It is time we left/should leave.

It is high time that you got married.

It is time that I bought a car.

Now it is time that you made some sentences by using this pattern. Think about what you should do now.

4、在 I would rather(that)…句型中，后面的从句的谓语动词用过去式 (be的过去式用were)。这句话的意思是“我宁可…”，表示说话人的意愿。

For example:

I’d rather I were in the rain now.

I’d rather you did not tell him.

5、在表示建议、要求、命令等意思的动词，如arrange,command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest,beg, move（提议）后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should 动词原形，should可以省略，而引导宾语从句的that 不能省略。例如：

We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.

We insisted that they (should) go with us.

The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.

He demanded that we (should) start right away.

The commander ordered that the bridge (should) be bombed.

The villagers requested that the old building not be pulled down.

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