非洲大陆的屋脊(走进非洲屋脊埃塞)
A closer view of Ethiopia—Roof of Africa
文/沈海滨
埃塞俄比亚
是一个位于
非洲东北部的内陆国家
地形以山地、高原为主
在这秋高气爽的季节
笔者的采风脚步
走进了这个神奇的国度
……
埃塞俄比亚著名古城贡德尔
说起埃塞,或许大家想到的是荒凉和贫瘠,然而当我走进她,遇见了一个又一个惊喜。归纳为一句话,那就是“非洲真美,美得令人惊奇!”
埃塞俄比亚高原在埃塞的中西部,是一个平均海拔约3000米、在古老地层上覆盖广大玄武岩的波状高原。高原上耸立着一座座海拔超过4000米的火山峰,宏伟壮丽。
埃塞是世界上最不发达国家之一,经济以农牧业为主,工业基础薄弱。同时,埃塞也是一个有着3000多年文明历史的古国,是非洲第二大人口大国,非洲联盟成员国之一,非盟总部设在其首都亚的斯亚贝巴。
亚的斯亚贝巴海拔约2500米,是非洲海拔最高的城市。这里虽靠近赤道,但气候凉爽、四季如春。城市周围峰峦起伏,关山重叠。进入市区,街道随山势起伏,道路两旁奇花烂漫。城市里随处可见尤加利树,树干修长、树冠苍郁。
拉利贝拉岩石教堂
来到市中心革命广场一带,只见街道宽阔整齐,附近有许多办公楼和公寓楼,离广场不远,是昔日的皇宫。在附近的一条花园式的林荫大道两旁,井然有序地分布着埃塞议会大厦、博物馆、亚的斯亚贝巴大学等著名建筑。来到孟尼利克二世大街,广场上竖立着孟尼利克二世身跨战马的高大铜像,广场西南角的市政府大厅连接着通往火车站的大街,从北向南依地势倾斜,两旁商店林立、车水马龙。
让埃塞人倍感自豪的是他们的颜值,每年在国际T台走秀的非洲模特大都来自埃塞。百闻不如一见,来到此地后,我发现“美人窝”果然名不虚传,姑娘面容姣好、身材苗条修长。
次日,在当地朋友的推荐下,我们爬上了恩托托山,其山势险峻、峡谷纵横,尽显大自然的壮美。山中有多种珍稀动物活动,最著名的当属现仅存于埃塞俄比亚高原的狮尾狒,它们以家庭为单位栖居于悬崖峭壁之上。
埃塞的自然风光和人文历史让人着迷,更有众多的年轻人带给这个国家生机。每天清晨在宾馆门前的林荫大道上都能看到练习长跑的青年男女,无怪乎埃塞的长距离竞赛项目在世界比赛中总是名列前茅。我想这的确是一个出长跑选手的宝地,奔跑吧,埃塞!
夕阳下的埃塞美景
在首都的旅行结束后,我们驱车前往南方州,公路两旁生长着独具特色的非洲云杉树和巨大的仙人掌。埃塞的民众赶着小毛驴穿行在云杉树间,在充足的高原日照下,便是活脱脱的一幅“印象派”绘画,美不胜收。不一会儿,一座座大土堆出现在公路两旁,当地人告诉我们那是“蚂蚁山”,是著名的非洲一景。
埃塞另一个著名城市拉利贝拉位于亚的斯亚贝巴北部约500公里处,从亚的斯亚贝巴乘飞机1小时即可到达。这里全是山区,市区也在山里,堪称“非洲奇迹”的拉利贝拉岩石教堂建筑群矗立在海拔约3000米的坚硬石山上,在公元13—18世纪,这里曾是埃塞俄比亚的文明中心。埃塞人在山上雕凿出如此宏大的、绵延方圆十几里地的教堂建筑群,着实令人震撼不已。
快乐的时光总是短暂,埃塞之行结束后,我又将踏上新的旅途。
埃塞俄比亚的姑娘
When it comes to Ethiopia, you may think of barren and desolation. However, I met one surprise after another when I approached her. It can be summed up in one sentence: “Africa is really beautiful, amazingly beautiful”!
The Ethiopian Highlands, of which most are part of central and western Ethiopia, is an undulating plateau with an average elevation of 3,000 meters and layers upon layers of basalt rocks over ancient strata. The magnificent plateau is dotted with volcanic peaks over 4,000 meters above sea level.
Ethiopia is one of the least developed countries in the world, whose economy is based on agriculture and animal husbandry, with a weak industrial foundation. Ethiopia is also an ancient country with a civilization history of more than 3,000 years, the second most populous country in Africa and a member of the African Union, which is headquartered in its capital, Addis Ababa.
Addis Ababa is at about 2,500 meters above sea level, making it the highest city in Africa. Although it is close to the equator, the climate here is cool and like spring all the year round. Around the city, there is a rugged mass of mountains. In the urban area, the roads run ups and downs with exotic blossoms on both sides. Eucalyptus trees, with long trunks and verdant, luxuriant crowns, can be found everywhere in the city.
After our tour of the capital, we drove to the SNNPR along the road lined with distinctive African spruce trees and giant cacti. It is a vivid beautiful “Impressionist” painting that local people are driving donkeys through the spruce trees in sufficient highland sunshine. Soon, large mounds of earth appeared on both sides of the road, which the locals told us are “ant hills”, a well-known sight in Africa.
Lalibela, Ethiopia’s another famous city, is about 500 kilometers north of Addis Ababa, just a one-hour flight away. The city, including the urban area, is all in the mountains. The Rock-Hewn Churches of Lalibela, considered the “Wonder of Africa”, stand on a rocky mountain at an elevation of about 3,000 meters. Here was the center of Ethiopian civilization from the 13th to 18th centuries AD. It is awe-inspiring to see such groups of gigantic churches the Ethiopians carved out of rock.
埃塞俄比亚黑冕鹤
来源:《一带一路报道(中英文)》2021年第6期
编辑:雷露
审核:贾琪
主编:邓灼
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