过去分词作定语和宾补的区别（过去分词作宾补的用法总结）

一、在英语句子中，能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类：

1、表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see,watch,observe,look at,hear,listen to,feel,notice,think、,notice,see, find等。

1) I heard the song sung in English.

我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。(过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard;)

2) He found his hometown greatly changed.

他发现他的家乡变化很大。(过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found)

2、表示"致使"意义的动词.如:have,make,get,keep,leave等。

1)I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.

明天我要理发。

I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.

The old man had his leg broken in the accident.He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.

They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.

I raised my voice to make myself heard.

2)He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.

他昨天把牙拔了。

Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(谚语：少说多看）

3)Don't leave those things undone.

要把那些事情做完。

Don't leave such an important thing undone.把那些重要事情做完。

3、表示思维活动的动词如consider, know, think等后。如:

1)I consider the matter settled.

我认为这件事解决了。

2)I thought myself wronged somehow in the bargain.

我认为自己在这场交易中又受愚弄了。

4、表示爱憎,意愿的动词如want, wish, like, hate、expect等后。如:

1)I wanted two tickets reserved.

我要预定两张机票。

2)He didn't wish it mentioned.

他不愿这事被提起。

The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.

I would like my house painted white.I want the suit made to his own measure.I wish the problem settled.

注意：过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。

二、使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。

1、过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。

He had his money stolen.

他的钱给偷了。(被别人偷去了)

2、过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历.如:

He had his leg broken.

他的腿断了。 (自己的经历)

动词 宾语 过去分词

【典例】I couldn’t believe my ears when I heard my name _______ (mention) on the radio.

【解析】由于mention与其前用作宾语的my name之间为被动关系，故用过去分词mentioned。句意为：听到收音机里提到我的名字，我简直不相信自己的耳朵。

【拓展】注意体会下面句子中的“动词 宾语 过去分词”结构：

I noticed their car parked outside. 我注意到他们的车子停在外面。

I don’t speak good French, but I can make myself understood. 我说不好法语，但我能使别人听懂我的话。

It can be cheaper to stump up for a new washing machine than to get your old one repaired. 掏钱买个新的洗衣机可能比你修理旧的还要更便宜。

三、过去分词用在“with 宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如：

The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.

With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the building ,his house looks like a beautiful garden.

With everything well arranged,he left the office.

【典例】With everything ________ (take) into consideration, we all think this is a very good plan.

【解析】根据短语 take everything into consideration（将每一件事都考虑到）可知，动词take与everything之间为动宾关系，而在本题中everything位于动词take之前，显然这里的everything应该是指“被考虑”，故填过去分词taken。句意为：每件事都考虑到了，我们都认为这是一项不错的计划。

【拓展】注意体会下面句子中的“with 宾语 过去分词”结构：

He sat in the chair with his legs crossed. 他盘着双腿坐在椅子上。

You look different with your hair cut. 你理发以后样子不同了。

These activities are free, with lunch provided. 这些活动不收费，而且还提供午餐。

还有一个类型：介词without 宾语 过去分词

【典例】The manager went angrily away without a word ________ (say).

【分析】根据句意可知，a word与say之间为被动关系，即填过去分词said。句意为：经理一句话没说就生气地走了。

【拓展】注意体会下面句子中的“without 宾语 过去分词”结构：

They left without a plate untouched. 他们走了，没有一盘菜没动过。

We discussed it for several for hours without a decision taken. 我们对此讨论了几个小时，也没作出决定。

四、过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。

现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。其动作与谓语动作同时进行。

过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系。其动作先于谓语动作。

不定式作宾补：　表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。

eg:He didn't notice me waiting.

I heard the song sung in English.

I saw him opening the window.

I saw the window opened.

I saw him open the window.

I heard her sing the song in English.

【专项练习】用括号内所给词的适当形式填空：

1. Hearing the news, I felt a great weight _______ (take) off my mind.

2. We’ve decided to drive there, so you must get the car _______ (repair) as soon as possible.

3. On hearing his name _______ (call) the sleeping dog suddenly jumped up.

4. Only by shouting was he able to make himself _______ (hear).

5. Young children often prefer their house _______ (paint) white or green.

6. Do you know the man with his hair _______ (tie) back?

7. With different methods used, different results are _______ (obtain).

8. With the harvest _______ (finish), I was able to relax with an easy mind.

9. With the contract finally _______ (sign), we breathed a sigh of relief as we drank a toast in celebration.

10. Without anything _______ (leave) in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat.

参考答案：1. taken 2. repaired 3. called 4. heard 5. painted 6. tied 7. obtained 8. finished 9. signed 10. left

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