小学英语be动词和助动词练习 小学英语语法知识

助动词(auxiliary verb)本身没有词义，不可单独作句子谓语。它仅仅是用来帮助主要动词构成各种时态、语态、语气以及否定和疑问结构。

在讲解助动词的主要功能之前，大家先观察下面两组句子。

语境展示

Ⅰ. a. We are working in the rice field.

b. He didn’t go home last night.

c. They do like the film that they have seen many times.

Ⅱ. a. I have (got) to remind you of writing to her.

b. You’d better tell her the whole story.

c. If it’s all the same to you, I’d rather work at home.

总结归纳

一

助动词的主要功能

1. 助动词可以和其他主要动词一起构成时态和语态。常用的助动词有be (am, is, are, was, were, been, being), do (does, did), have (has, had, having)。

2. 助动词可以用来加强语气，表示强调。

3. 助动词可以用来构成否定句或疑问句。

二

短语助动词

短语助动词由一个助动词和另外一个或两个词构成，其功能相当于一个助动词。常见的如：have (got) to, had better, would rather … (than), be to, be likely to, be supposed to, ought to, used to, be about to, be able to。

1. have to的意思接近must，但must强调说话人的意愿，而have to表示客观上的必要性，常可译为“不得不”，其否定形式not have to表示“不必；不需要”。例如：

You must take good care of her.

You have to have a visa to go to another country.

2. would rather … (than) 表示“宁愿，宁可”，其意思相当于prefer to。例如：

I would rather wear clothes made of natural fibers.

= I prefer to wear clothes made of natural fibers.

3. be to可表示：

“打算做某事或计划好要做的事”(意思接近于be going to)，例如：

The president is to make a statement tomorrow.

“该做某事”(意思接近于should, must, ought to, have to等)，例如：

You are not to smoke in the room.

“能做某事” (意思接近于can, may)，例如：

How am I to pay such a debt?

“将来必然发生的事”，例如：

They said goodbye, not knowing they were never to meet again.

4. be likely to表示“某事有可能发生或可能是真的”。例如：

Once people have seen that something actually works, they are much more likely to accept change.

5. be supposed to表示“理应，被认为”。例如：

You’re not supposed to play football in the classroom.

6. used to与would均可表示习惯，例如：

When we were children we used to / would go skating every winter.

但是，二者之间的不同在于used to有现在已无此习惯的含义，并可表一次性动作。例如：

I used to have a car like this. (此处不能用would)

即学即练

Ⅰ. 请在空白处填入适当的助动词(每空一词)。

1. We 　　　　 go to see you first when we arrive there.

2. She　　　　　 lived there for ten years, so she didn’t want to leave.

3. What 　　　　 you do if you had a billion?

4. 　　　　 she always carry an umbrella?

5. I think he 　　　　 likely to win.

Ⅱ. 请翻译下列句子(注意助动词的使用)。

1. 你打电话时，我正在洗澡。

2. 孩子们被照顾得很好。

3. 我已经学了三年法语。

4. 我不知道那部小说的名字。

5. 我确实认为你应该去。

　　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

答案角

Ⅰ. 1. will / shall

2. had

3. would

4. Does

5. is

Ⅱ. 1. I was having a bath when you called.

2. The children were taken good care of.

3. I have learned French for three years.

4. I don’t know the name of the novel.

5. I do think you should go.

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