高中英语人教必修五第一单元课文(人教版高中英语必修五)
Unit 5 First aid核心单词,下面我们就来说一说关于高中英语人教必修五第一单元课文?我们一起去了解并探讨一下这个问题吧!
高中英语人教必修五第一单元课文
Unit 5 First aid
核心单词
1. aid n.& vi. 帮助;援助;资助 vt.&n. 帮助;援助;救助
They aided flood victims. 他们援助遭受水灾的灾民。
They aided in solving the problem. 他们帮忙解决这个问题。
常用结构:
first aid 急救
aid sb. 帮助某人
aid sb. with sth. 帮助某人(做)某事
in aid of 支持;为……筹措
aid sb. in (doing) sth. 在……方面帮助某人
联想拓展
表示一般意义的"帮助"或"援助"时,aid 是不可数名词;表示具体意义的"助手"、"辅助用品"时,aid是可数名词。如:A dictionary is an important aid in learning a new language.(字典是学习一种新语言的重要工具)。用作动词时,搭配为aid sb. to do sth.帮助某人(做)某事(其中的 to 不可省略),也可用于 aid sb. in doing sth.帮助某人(做)某事。
易混辨析 aid/help/assistance
aid 表示经济或其他方面给予的帮助或援助,多指强者(或足够者)援助弱者,多用于团体。
help 指给人精神或物质上的帮助,强调受助者的需要,有利于达到一定的目的或目标。
assistance 多指个人给予道义、知识、物质等方面的帮助,所提供的帮助往往只起辅助作用。
单句改错
①The family lived on government aids for two years.
②We may travel on/under the aid of a good map.
③We've aided him finish the work ahead of time.
答案:①aids→aid ②on/under→with ③finish→to finish或in finishing
2. injury n. 损伤;伤害
Many common injuries happen every day in the home.家庭中每天都有许多常见的意外伤害。
常用结构:
do sb. an injury 伤害某人
be an injury to sb./sth. 伤害;危害某人/某事
escape injury 免受伤害
repair injury 赔偿损害
serious/severe injuries 重伤
a slight injury 轻伤
In the crash he suffered severe injuries to the head and arms.在事故中他头部和双臂受了重伤。
易混辨析 injure/wound/hurt
injure指人在意外事故中受到的伤害,用于无生命物体的损坏,更多用于表示对人的某个部位的损伤。
wound 指利器或子弹对肉体造成的伤害。是出血的、严重的伤,特指战场上的受伤。也指感情受伤。
hurt 指的伤害与injure 同样严重,也可指较轻的疼痛,常指因不小心而引起的痛苦或意外地受到伤害。hurt 也可指对人的感情的伤害。
Your remark may injure her pride.你的话也许会伤她的自尊。
Blood gushed from his wound.血从他的伤口涌出。
Hurt other people, hurt yourself.害人害己。
高手过招
选词填空(injure/hurt/wound) (原创)
①Ten soldiers were killed and thirty serious______________ .
②He was ______________deeply by her dishonesty.
③I ______________my back lifting that box.
④In the traffic accident ten were killed and eight were ______________.
⑤She felt ______________at your words.
⑥The bullet ______________him in the shoulder.
答案:①wounded ②hurt ③hurt ④injured ⑤hurt ⑥wounded
3. situation n. 形势;处境;事态;局面;位置
易混辨析situation/state/condition
situation指一定时期内总的情况、形势、事态,亦可指国际、国内形势,是可数名词。
state用单数形式表示人或事物的情况及状况,如外貌、心理、外观等方面,可与不定冠词连用,常用于in a state of或in a... state。
condition的单数形式表示人或物本身的状况,在这个意思上与state相近;而复数形式则指事物之外的环境与情况,与circumstances意思相近。
when he later grew to dislike Eliza, he faced a difficult situation.当他接下来对伊丽莎的讨厌与日俱增的时候,他陷入了一种困难的境地。
After that I give the students various situations and they make up sentences about them.从那以后,我提供给学生各种各样的情境,他们依照这些情境造句。
His business is in a good state. 他的生意很好。
The condition of the house was so bad that nothing could make it safe to live in.房屋的条件太差了以至于不能安全地住在里面。
温馨提示
situation与condition, occasion, point, case一样,后常用where, in which引导定语从句。
Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word?你能想像出可以使用这个单词的语境吗?
用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空 (原创)
①He's got himself into a dangerous situation ______________he is likely to lose control over the plane.
②I can 't think of the situation______________ I meet my father.
③They have to think of a good idea to cope with the situation ______________they face.
答案:①where ②where ③that/which
4. damage vt.& n. 损害;毁坏
易混辨析 ruin/destroy/damage
ruin强调毁灭的彻底性,并且是一次性的行动。这种毁灭也许力量不是很大,但其严重性却使其不能修复,它强调的是毁坏的长期结果。
destroy指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用,一般不能或很难修复,有时用于比喻意义。
damage则指对价值和功能的破坏,多用于无生命的东西,一般还可以修复。
The storm ruined the crops. 暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。
The house across the street is in ruins.街道对面的房子已是一片废墟。
He has destroyed my hope. 他破坏了我的希望。
The earthquake destroyed a lot of buildings.地震毁坏了许多楼房。
The bridge was damaged by the flood.那座桥梁被洪水损坏了。
温馨提示
destroy只能用作动词,而ruin和damage既能用作动词又能用作名词。
单项填空
An earthquake struck this area, ______________a lot of damage.
A.making B. causing C. done D. caused
解析:选B。make与damage不能搭配使用;"造成损失、损害"用do/cause damage;此处的动词与前面的句子构成逻辑上的主谓关系,所以需用现在分词作结果状语。
5. present n.礼物;目前 adj.在场;出席;当前的 v.颁发;授予;赠给
常用结构:
be present at 出席
the present day=today 今天
at present/at the present time=now 现在
for the present=for the time being 暂时
the present 现在(相当于名词)
present sb. with sth=present sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人
present-day attitudes/fashion现在的态度/流行款式
联想拓展
present作动词,表示"给予,赠送"之意,常用于present sth.to sb.或present sb.with sth.搭配中,此外,present作动词还有"呈现,显示;阐述,表达;引见"等意思。
①作形容词既可作前置修饰语,也可作表语,常意为"现存的;现在的;在场的;出席的"等。
②作不可数名词时,表示区别于过去或将来的"现在";作可数名词时,意为"礼物"。
The same problem presented itself to her again.同样的问题又在她身上出现。
He presented the school with a check for one million dollars.他赠予学校一张一百万美元的支票。
May I present you to my husband?我可以把您介绍给我丈夫吗?
We learn from the past, experience the present and hope for success in the future.我们学习过去,体验现在,希望成就未来。
I got many presents for my birthday.我收到很多生日礼物。
单项填空
①There are plenty of jobs______________ in the western part of the country.
A. present B. available C. precious D. convenient
②All the people______________at the party were all his supporters.
A. present B. thankful C. interested D. important
解析: ①选B。present在场的;available可用的;可得到的;precious珍贵的;convenient方便的。根据句意,应选B。
②选A。(be) present at意为"出席、在场",符合句意。
重点短语
6. fall ill生病
Hearing the bad news, he fell ill. 听到坏消息后,他病了。
联想拓展
fall behind 落后
fall sick 生病
fall asleep 入睡
fall down 掉下;倒塌
fall in love with ... 爱上……
fall off 脱落;减少;从……上掉下
fall into the habit of ... 养成……的习惯
fall over 跌倒;翻倒;落到……上
fall silent 沉默
完成句子
①不久后他就病倒了,而且一病不起。
He ______________soon after and did not recover.
②形势严峻,不进则退。
Given the pressing situation, we must move forward, or we will ______________.
③这家报纸的发行量开始锐减。
The circulation of the newspaper began to ______________sharply.
答案:①fell ill ②fall behind ③fall off
7. in place在适当的位置;适当
I like everything to be in place.我喜欢所有的东西都放在原来的地方。
With everything in place, she started the slide show.一切就绪,她开始放幻灯片。
联想拓展
be in/out of order 有条理/无条理;坏了
be in/out of control 正常/失控
be in/out of danger 有危险/脱离危险
in place of...=take the place of... 代替;取代
give place to 被……取代;让位于……
out of place 不在适当的位置;不合适
(1)单项填空
His efforts to raise money for his program were ______________because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.
A. in place B. in sight C. in effect D. in vain
(2)完成句子
①你可以用木柴来取代煤。
You can use wood coal______________.
②棉花要取代丝绸。
Cotton is ______________silk.
③你的提议很恰当。
Your proposal is quite______________ .
解析:(1) 选D。考查介词短语。根据下文"no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets"可知,为集资做出的努力都白费了,故选in vain(白费力)。in place在适当位置;in sight 在视线内;in effect 实际上。
(2)①in place of ②taking the place of ③in place
8. make a difference有很大差别;有很大不同;有很大的关系/影响
Whether he could get the support from his parents made a great difference to the plan.他是否能得到父母的支持对这个计划的影响很大。
Does it any difference whether hell attend the meeting?他出不出席会议有什么区别吗?
联想拓展
make a difference between ...and ... 区别对待……
make some difference to对…… 有些关系
make no difference to 对……没有关系
make all the difference 关系重大;大不相同
翻译句子
①这次旅行对他以后的人生很有影响。
②让警察知道一些证据关系重大。
答案:①The travel made a difference to his later life.
②It makes all the difference to inform the policemen of some evidence.
重点句型
9. Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上,否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话,可以使用剪刀。
unless是连词,意为"如果不,除非"。在真实条件句中,unless引导的肯定条件状语从句,可以和if...not...引导的否定状语从句互换。
Unless you change your mind,I won,t be able to help you.
=If you don't change your mind,I won 't be able to help you.
除非你改变想法,否则我不能帮助你。
I want you to keep working unless I tell you to stop.
=I want you to keep working if I don't tell you to stop.
如果我没说让你停,你就得继续干。
注意:unless 不可用于假想的事情,因此当if...not引导非真实条件状语从句时,一般不可改用unless
单项填空
①All the dishes in this menu, ______________otherwise stated, will serve two to three people.
A. as B. if C. though D. unless
②Don't promise anything ______________you are one hundred percent sure.
A. whether B. after C. how D. unless
③ ______________you have tried it, you can't imagine how pleasant it is.
A.Unless B. Because C. Although D. When
④We don't keep winning games ______________we keep playing well.
A.because B. unless C. when D. while
解析: ①选D。考查状语从句的引导词。句意为:在这份菜单上的所有菜,除非另外说明,会给两到三个人食用。
②选D。句意为:除非你有完全的把握,否则不要做出承诺。unless除非。
③选A。句中unless意为"如果不",可以与if...not互换。
④选B。unless意为"除非",强调条件,符合句意。
10. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.约翰正在房里学习,突然听到一声尖叫。
此句型中when作并列连词,相当于and then,意为"正当……时,突然"。
常用结构:
be doing...when... 正在做……突然……
had done...when... 刚做了……突然……
be about to do...when... 刚要做……突然……
be on the point of doing sth. when... 刚要做……突然……
单项填空
①She had just finished her homework ______________her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.
A.when B. while C. after D. since
②We were swimming in the lake ______________suddenly the storm started.
A. when B. while C. until D. before
③I ______________along the street looking for a place to park when the accident______________ .
A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred
C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred
解析: ①选A。由句意可知此处when用作并列连词,意为"这时"。②选A。when作连词,表示"正在这时"。句意为:我们正在湖中游泳,突然暴风雨来了。③选C。主句要用过去进行时,表示当时正在路上走着;when引导的从句多用一般过去时。
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