基本语法框架（轻松建立语法框架）

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简单易懂，看完这一篇，轻松建立语法框架！

一、语法的核心原则：

① 句子是语言的基本单位。

Grammar is all about sentences.

② 英语句子的黄金法则：

英语句子有且仅有1个谓语动词。

（谓语单一原则）

③ 语言是创造的东西，请不要死抠语。

方法论: 用句子建立语法框架。

二、英语句子：

三、简单句的五种类型：

语序：英语简单句的语序和中文是一致的。

简单句的五种类型，如下图：

5种简单句中高频的谓语动词：

① 主谓

主谓这个简单句中，谓语动词属于不及物动词，意思完整，后面不需要再加什么。

常见的谓语动词有：

cry(哭)、laugh(大笑)、smile(微笑)、dance(跳舞)、swim（游泳）、walk(走路)、

run(跑步)、fail(失败)、fall(摔倒)……

栗子：

Penny sings well. (佩妮唱歌很好听。)

The little baby slept. （小宝宝睡了。)

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② 主谓宾

主谓宾是最基本的英文句子。谓语动词属于及物动词，意思不完整，

动词后面需要再加一个对象—宾语。这类的谓语动词很多。

栗子：

①The girl is playing the piano. (这个女孩正在弹钢琴。)

② Grandpa waters flowers every day. (爷爷每天都浇花。)

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③ 主谓双宾

有的谓语动词比较专一，只要跟一个对象就够了。

但是有的谓语动词就比较海王，吃着碗里的还看着锅里的。

这些谓语动词动作后面需要加两个对象—两个宾语。

而且经常有2种表达方式。

这类的高频谓语动词主要有：

award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人

bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人

hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人

lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人

mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人

offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人

owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物

pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人

pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物（钱）

post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人

read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听

return sb.sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人

send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人

sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人

serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人

show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看

take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人

teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物

tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况

throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人

write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信

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book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物

buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物

choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物

cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物

draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 为某人画某物

fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物

find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物

fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物

get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物

make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物

order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物

pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物

prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物

save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为某人留某物

sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱某物（歌）

spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 为某人让出某物

steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 为某人偷某物

栗子：

① I cook my mother breakfast. (我为我妈妈做早餐。)

② You send me a letter. (你给我寄了封信。)

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④ 主谓宾宾补

有的谓语动词意思表达不完整，需要补充说明宾语对象的具体情况。

这类的高频谓语动词主要有：

⑴ 使奴动词 make, have, get，let → 使，叫，令，让

make：令…变得…；致使…；迫使…去做；

栗子：

① Junk food will make us fat. (垃圾食品会让我们变胖。)

② He often makes me laugh. (他经常让我发笑。)

③ Nothing can make me change my mind. (什么也不能改变我的想法。)

have：(主动意义)吩咐…，让…，叫（某人）…；(被动意义)遭受,蒙受；

栗子：

① The boss has Tom call me. (老板让汤姆给我打个电话。)

② You had better have your hair cut. (你该理发了。)

③ Amy had her bag stolen. (艾米的包被偷了。)

get：(主动意义)使，让…，说服（某人做某事）…；(被动意义)遭受,被…；

栗子：

① My father was not able to get the car start this morning.

(我爸爸早上没法让小汽车发动起来。)

② I got my friend to help me with my English.

(我让我朋友帮助我学英语。)

③ I must get my hair cut. (我得理发了。)

let：任由…，让…；

栗子：

① Let your body relax. (让你的身体放松。)

② My mother lets the little girl in. (我妈妈让那个小女孩进来。)

⑵ 要求类动词: ask（要求），persuade（说服），force(强迫)，require（需要），

cause（导致），order（命令），want（想要）, expect（期望）,

allow（允许），advise (建议)… sb.to do

栗子：

①The teacher asked all the students to finish their homework.

(老师要求全体学生完成作业。)

② The general ordered them to fire. (将军命令他们开火。)

③ My parents want me to work hard. (我父母想让我努力学习。)

④ Do you really expect me to believe you? (你真以为我相信你吗？)

⑤ The poor harvest caused the price to rise sharply. (收成不好导致物价飞涨。)

⑥ He advises me to read more books. （他建议我读更多的书。）

⑶ 感官类动词：

see，hear，watch, notice, sb. do

常常看见、听见、观看、注意某人做

see，hear，watch, notice, sb. doing

刚好碰巧看见、听见、观看、注意某人正在做

栗子：

① I often see the two old men play Taiji.

(我常常看到那两个老人打太极。)

② Do you hear someone shouting loudly?

(你有没有听见某人在大声喊叫。)

③ Maria saw Sam playing football right now.

（玛丽亚刚才看见萨姆正在踢足球。）

⑷ 认为类动词：

think（认为）,believe（相信）, consider（认为）,find（发现）, know（知道）…

it adj./ n. to do

栗子：

① Jeremy considered it a pity to miss the speech.

（杰里米认为错过这次的演讲是个遗憾。）

② I think it impossible to get the job.

(我认为我得到这份工作的可能性太小。)

③People think it lucky to live in China.

（人们认为住在中国是幸运的。） → It is a truth.

⑸ 阻止类动词

stop/prevent/keep sb. (from) doing sth. 预防、阻止某人做某事

forbid sb. to do. 禁止某人去做某事

栗子：

① Nothing can prevent soldiers from going.

(什么都不能阻止士兵们前往。)

② These regulations can prevent from the accidents.

(这些规则可以预防发生意外。)

③ His parents forbid him to play computer games.

（他父母禁止他打电游。）

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⑤ 主系表

这个简单句结构中，be动词是万能系动词。

常见的系动词有：

栗子：

① The milk has gone sour. (牛奶发酸了。)

② The light turned red. (红灯了。)

③ It is getting dark. ( 口语化）天黑了。

④ We become good friends.（我们成了好朋友。）

⑤ My little brother fell ill last night.（我弟弟昨晚病倒了。）

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四、并列句：

栗子: 新概念二第1课改编

① The play was very amusing, but I did not enjoy it.

② I got very angry because a young man and a young woman were talking loudly behind me.

③ I could not bear it, so I turn round again.

④ My seat was good and the play was very amusing, but I did not enjoy it.

⑤ Though I have a good seat and the play was very interesting, I did not enjoy it.

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五、主从句：

名词性从句：

① His doctor told him that his operation had been successful.

(宾从，改编自新概念英语2 第39课)

② It is a miracle that his operation had been successful. (主从)

③ The fact that his operation had been successful is a miracle. (同从)

④ The question is whether his operation had been successful.（表从）

⑤ This is the sort of thing that Jeremy loves. (定从，选自新概念英语2 第63课)

⑥ She did not even look up when I took my set beside her.

(状从，选自新概念英语2 第40课)

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