虚拟语气的16种句型类别(虚拟语气攻略二)
“我劝你善良”,这是一句2018热门网络语;它的英文用法 “I advise that you should be kind”,就是我们今天要学的虚拟语气。在上次课《虚拟语气攻略一》中,我们学习了 3种 if 从句的虚拟语气及其倒装结构;如果这你都不觉得难,今天更可以愉快地搞掂攻略二了~ 通过这节课,我们讲几个动词、几个名词、几个形容词、几个介词(短语)和几个常用结构。
攻略二的虚拟语气结构以 should do 为主;大多数情况下,should 可以省略。注:下文例句中,带括号的(should)表示可以省略。
01 几个动词1)当表示要求、建议、命令等的动词作谓语时,跟在后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气(should)do:
2)被动:It is suggested that…
我们之前讲过,被动句不强调“谁做”,而是强调什么被怎样了。对于这类结构,可以这样理解:
It is suggested that…(有人)建议……
It is proposed that…(有人)提议……
It is desired that… 希望……
3)值得注意 wish 的用法,它跟我们在攻略一学的 if 从句虚拟语气相似。至于 wish 后的宾语从句,如果:
>> 跟现在事实相反,谓语用 did:
I wish I knew how to quit you.
>> 跟过去事实相反,谓语用 had done:
I wish we hadn’t met before.
我希望我们从未相遇。
注:实际上,我们在过去的某天遇见了,无奈两人越活越冷清。因此说,我的愿望与过去事实相反。
4)需要注意的,还有两个“多义词”
当 insist 作“坚持认为”、suggest 作“表明”解释时,不使用虚拟语气。
๑乛◡乛๑ 现在,大家来做题放松下大脑~
* I insist that you ________ (come) with us.
* He insisted that she ________ (not die).
* Her poor shape suggested that she ________(be) ill.
* Jack Ma suggests we ________ (change) ourselves instead of trying to change Donald Trump.
02 几个名词
当下列名词在句子中作主语,可用虚拟语气 (should) do。注:它们多由 01 Part 的动词而来:
举个栗子,围绕“咱该开始买年货的建议”,suggestion 可以这么用(如果大家觉得表语从句、同位语从句很难记,目前不必非得认清楚;大家跟着我拆解例句,发现其中的规则)
1)XX be that 从句
2)XX that 从句 谓语 …
除了名词形式的表达,我们还能使用在 01 Part 学习的宾语从句:
3)I suggest that we (should) start making holiday purchases.
03 几个形容词
当以下形容词出现在“It is 形容词 that 从句”的句式中时,从句常用虚拟语气 should do,用来表达惋惜、震惊、理所当然等情感。
注:get a life 常常带有负面情绪,相当于“to tell sb. to stop being a loser”,潜台词是你觉得对方是卢瑟、生活毫无意义;或者对方烦到你了,你委婉地表达“滚犊子”。总之,使用 get a life 的时候,我们过过脑。
04 几个介词(短语)
05 几个常用结构
>> as if/ though 就像……
用法与 if 从句虚拟语气相似:与现在事实相反, as if/ though 从句用 did;与过去事实相反,从句用 had done.
>> if only 要是……就好了
表达一种愿望,与 01 Part 讲的 wish 的用法相似,一般过去时 did 表示现在的愿望,过去完成时 had done 表示过去的愿望。
If only I were rich!
要是我有钱就好了!(实际上我很穷)
If only I had kept my temper!
当时忍住就好了!(实际上当时炸了)
>> would rather 宁愿……
用法同上,也是表达愿望,分为对现在/将来的愿望,还是对过去的愿望。
I would rather you stayed.
我宁愿你留下。(然而你不在)
I would rather we hadn’t met before.
我希望我们未曾遇见。(实际上遇见了)
>> It’s (high/ about) time… 该……了
常用一般过去时 did。
It is high time I went to bed.
= It is high time I should go to bed.
我该睡觉了。
06 课后练习1) Our idea is that the match ______.
A. would put off
B. should put off
C. be put off
2) The tree looked as if it ______ for a long time.
A. didn’t water
B. wasn’t watered
C. hadn’t been watered
3) I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and go to work.
A. could have slept
B. slept
C. would sleep
4) — Did you make it at last?
— Yes! But for your help, it ______ a serious loss.
A. would cause
B. would have caused
C. caused
5) My uncle insists ______ in this hotel.
A. staying not
B. that he would not stay
C. that he not stay
6) It is vital that enough money ______ to fund the project.
A. was collected
B. can be collected
C. be collected
7) I’d rather you ______ make any comment on the issue for the time being.
A. didn’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t
8) While crossing the mountain area, all the men carried guns lest they ______ by wild animals.
A. would be attacked
B. should be attacked
C. was attacked
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「虫虫讲英语」老少咸宜的英语学习号 —— 有时候,语法换一种方式讲,就听懂了。
07 总结>> 跟在以下动词后面的从句,用虚拟语气 (should) do:
注:1)wish 比较特殊,用法跟if从句-虚拟语气相似,愿望跟现在事实相反用 did;跟过去事实相反用 had done。
2)当 insist 表示“坚持认为”、suggest 表示“表明”时,不使用虚拟语气。
>> 当以下名词在句子中作主语,从句用虚拟语气 (should) do:
>> 当以下形容词出现在“It is adj. that 从句”中时,从句用虚拟语气 (should) do:
>> 遇到这3个介词(短语),用 should/ might do:
>> 遇到这4个介词(短语),用 would do 或 would have done:
>> 遇到这3个结构,用
>> 遇到这个结构,用 should do 或一般过去时:
It’s (high/ about) time…
,
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