英文写作顺序高级用词（英文写作底层规范）

教学内容：英文写作

适合人群：英语教师、英语专业学生、初高中生等

反复和排比是提高英语表达的两种方式，两者相似，但略有不同。反复往往是一定词汇的重复。两种方式都会加强语言的表达，使句子较有文采，而排比往往是指一定的结构，词汇可能不重复，不相同，但结构是重复的或相同的

反复：

• 1、主语并列：

如果主语相似，或可以并列连接同一个谓语动词，则体现出来的语气会非常的直接、有力。这样的句式，在英文中叫repetition，中文叫“反复”，属于一种修辞。

Parents, educators, physicians, and researchers began to question what the impact of these changes might be.

Huge amounts of money, large-scale infrastructure construction, and technical assistance all appear to be an ideal solution.

• 2、表语并列：

多个表语（比如形容词）并列描述主语的状态或特点，句子的语气会非常强烈。

The game-show contestant was told to be cheerful, charming, and enthusiastic.

• 3、形容词重复：

形容词并列或相同形容词修饰不同名词也会构成一种repetition（反复）修辞，语言上会形成一种力量和品位。

Playing violent games leads to increased physiological arousal, increased aggressive thoughts, increased aggressive feelings, increased aggressive behaviors, and decreased prosocial helping.

• 4、动词并列：

不同动词之间并列，引出相似的但不相同的宾语，是repetition里面最有力量的一个。

The good reasons for studying abroad are fairly straightforward: It is an experience that will help broaden a student's worldview, provide opportunities to travel and meet new people, build confidence, and even develop strong foreign language skills.

排比句：

英语的排比跟汉语不同，往往是一个结构的排比，而不是一个句子的排比。

1 Let us be ruthless in our criticism, cruel to personal vanities, indifferent to age, rank or experience if these stand in our way.

点评：Ruthless in，Cruel to 和indifferent to是三个“形容词加介词”形式的排比，词汇不同，但格式相同。

2 It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. One’s thoughts must be directed to the future, and to things about which there is something to be done.

点评：in memories, in regrets 和in sadness是“介词加名词”形式的排比。Be directed to the future 和to things 是反复。

3 The feeling of the nation must be quickened; the conscience of the nation must be roused; the propriety of the nation must be startled; the hypocrisy of the nation must be exposed; and its crimes against God and men must be proclaimed and denounced.

点评：must be quickened, must be roused, must be startled, must be exposed 和 must be proclaimed and denounced 既是排比（主系表结构），又是反复（must词汇）

4 On hearing the news, he was angered, and I was saddened.

点评：he was angered, and I was saddened.属于排比，结构相同。

5 The politician is concerned with successful elections, whereas the statesman is interested in the future of his people.

点评：be concerned with和be interested in 是结构相同，属于排比。

6 In Plato’s opinion man was made for philosophy; in Bacon’s opinion philosophy was made for man.

点评：man was made for philosophy和philosophy was made for man是结构相同，特别是意思相反，属于排比。

7 My job includes checking the inventory, initialing the orders, and calling the suppliers.

点评：三个doing并列，属于排比。

8 Grandmother likes to read mystery novels, to do needlepoint, and to browse the Internet on her home computer.

点评：to read mystery novels, to do needlepoint, 和 to browse the Internet是三个不定式并列。属于排比。

练习：修改句子，使其变成排比句

1 The novelty store sells hand buzzers, plastic fangs, and insects that are fake.

答案：hand buzzers, plastic fangs, and fake insects才是“定语 名词”的结构并列。

2 Many people share the same three intense fears: being in high places, working with numbers and speeches.

答案：being in high places, working with numbers and making speeches才是“doing”的结构并列。

3 To decide on a career, students should think closely about their interests, hobbies, and what they are skilled at.

答案：their interests, hobbies, and skills才是“their 名词”的结构并列。

4 At the body shop, the car was sanded down to the bare metal, painted with primer, and red enamel was sprayed on.

答案：painted with primer, and sprayed on with red enamel才是“分词 介宾短语”的结构并列。

5 In order to become a dancer, Lola is taking lessons, working in amateur shows, and auditioned for professional companies.

答案：taking lessons, working in amateur shows, and auditioning for professional companies.才是“doing”的结构并列。

6 Juan’s last job offered security; a better chance for advancement is offered by his new job.

答案：security and a better chance for advancement这俩才是名词的结构并列。

7 People in today’s world often try to avoid silence, whether on the job, in school, or when relaxing at home.

答案：whether on the job, in school, or at home.这三个介词短语结构才是并列的。

8 My three favorite jobs were veterinary assistant, gardener, and selling toys.

答案：veterinary assistant, gardener, and toy seller.这才是三个职业的并列。

9 The politician trusted no one, rewarded loyalty, and was dependent only on his own instincts.

答案：trusted no one, rewarded loyalty, and depended on his own instincts 才是三个动词的并列。

10 If we’re not careful, we’ll leave the next generation polluted air, contaminated water, and forests that are dying.

答案：polluted air, contaminated water, and dyingforests 这才是“定语 名词”的结构并列。

11 Jesse prefers books that are short, scary, and filled with suspense.

答案：short, scary, and full of suspense.才是形容词的并列。

12 A sale on electrical appliances, furniture for the office, and stereo equipment begins this Friday.

答案：electrical appliances, office furniture, and stereo equipment这才是“定语 名词”的结构并列。

13 To escape the stresses of everyday life, I rely upon watching television, reading books, and my kitchen.

答案：watching television, reading books, and staying in my kitchen.这是doing的并列，或者rely on television, books, and kitchen这是三个名词的并列。

14 The keys to improving grades are to take effective notes in class, to plan study time, and preparing carefully for exams.

答案：to take effective notes in class, to plan study time, and to prepare carefully for exams.这是三个to do不定式的并列。

15 Qualities that I look for in friends are a sense of humor, being kind, and dependability.

答案：a sense of humor, kindness, and dependability.是三个名词的名列。

下面练习无答案：

16 The homeless woman shuffled among the street, bent over to pick something up, and was putting it in her shopping bag.

17 Housekeeping shortcuts will help you speed up doing laundry, cleaning rooms, and food on the table.

18 Studying a little every day is more effective than to cram.

19 The chickens travel on a conveyor belt, where they are plucked, washed, rinsed, and bags are put on them.

20 The speaker impressed the audience because of his clear, reasonable presentation with friendliness as well.

21 Paying college tuition and not studying is as sensible as to buy tickets to a movie and not watching it.

22 The best programming on television includes news coverage, shows on science, and children’s series.

23 Curling overgrown vines, porch furniture that was rotted, and sagging steps were my first impressions of the neglected house.

24 The little girl came home from school with a tear-streaked face, a black eye, and her shirt was torn.

25 There are two ways to the top floor: climb the stairs or taking the elevator.

（完）

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