直播读英文原著（读诵ReadingandReciting）

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直播读英文原著

读诵

Reading and Reciting

背诵：历史、技巧、效用

Reciting: History, Technique and Effect

中国的古人从五岁起就学习诵读和记忆经典。从远古直到上个世纪初，中国人都使用这种读书方法。引入现代教育之后，中国的学校里仍然保留背诵这个学习方法。只是对于诵读技巧本身，不再做详细的解释和教学。

Ancient Chinese started to learn reading and reciting classics from five years old. From remote ancient times to the beginning of the last century, the Chinese had always been using this reading method. Despite of the introduction of modern education, Chinese schools have kept this learning method. But teachers do not give detailed explanation on the skill of reading aloud and reciting.

西方人其实也有记诵的习惯。近代以前的社会里，人们是通过教会来学习语言文字的。出版印刷发达之前，《圣经》等基督教文本都需要诵读来学习和传播。还有就是史诗、游吟诗人、戏剧等表演传统，是文学语言通过口头传播的实际体现。

People in the west also have the custom of reading and reciting. In the society before early modern times, people learned reading and writing at the church. And before the flourishing of printing and publishing, the Bible and other Christian texts all needed to be learned and spread through reading and reciting. Moreover, performance traditions of epic, minstrelsy and drama are all practical manifestation of the mouth-to-mouth spreading of literary language.

诵读本身并不是简单的口语使用过程。因为书面文本的存在，文字的音形义需要同时处理，而且这个过程的不同部分不是同时进行的，也不是完全自动的，需要诵读者调动大量认知资源。所以，诵读最终形成了专门的吟唱声调，比正常口语慢，也比正常口语复杂，更具音乐性。

Reciting is not a simple process of using verbal language. Because of the presence of written text, the sound, form and meaning of written language need to be processed together. The different parts of this process do not go in parallel and they are not completely automatic. A reader needs to mobilize a large amount of cognitive resources in his mind. As a result, a special chanting tone has been developed for reciting, which is slower, more complicated and more musical than normal verbal language.

当然，机械记忆，简单地背字词发音，并不是好方法。体现音形义结合，才是诵读最重要的部分。应该对诵读材料做充分的解析和统计，提供字句、意群、段落数目统计，文本多层结构关系、词汇语义特征关系等等辅助信息，方便记忆概念结构。

Of course, rote memorization, namely simply remembering the pronunciation of words, is not a good way. Representing the combination of sound, form and meaning is the most important part in reciting. A reader needs to do full analytical and statistical work on the reading material. He or she needs to get certain auxiliary information on the reading materials, such as the statistics on the numbers of words, sense groups, sentences and paragraphs, the multi-layered structure of the text, and the semantic features and relations of the words, so as to facilitate the memorization of conceptual structure.

语言与事物的关系，经常可以通过记忆的经典材料中体会出来。经历过的重要事件、看到听到的优美场景，会自然触发自己先前记诵过的经典名句。这也是文学家修辞用典的基础。

The relations between language and things can often be enlightened through the classical material a person has recited. An important event experienced or a beautiful scene seen or heard would trigger the memory to the sentences in the classic a person has recited. This is also the basis for anecdote and allusion in literary rhetorics.

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