冰淇淋的由来英文（一条甜甜的科普）

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• 导读

冰淇淋的历史总共也就几百年而已，真正普及也是近百年的事情。然而在这短短的百年时间里冰淇淋就变成了全球风靡的美食，这中间到底经过了怎样的变迁呢？我们现在吃的又属于哪一种呢？

#Free Cone Day and History's Weirdest Ice Cream Flavors#

One of the most significant and most surprising flavors in the history of ice cream can be traced back to a shift in the way the treat has been marketed — from a health food to junk food that should only be eaten on special occasions like Free Cone Day. In fact, many early ice cream treats would have been masking the bitter taste of medicine.

A predecessor to the Ben & Jerry-style scoop shop was the drug-store soda fountain, which, in the mid-to-late 19th century and early 20th century, would dish out soda water spiked with drugs not considered medicinal at all today — such as arsenic, cocaine and strychnine. (A 1902 Los Angeles Times article boasted the headline "They Thirst for Cocaine" alongside a photo of soda fountain customers.) At some point in the late 19th century, ice cream was scooped into the soda drinks, but no one seems to know, or can agree on, when, according to Amy Ettinger, author of the upcoming book that traces the history of ice cream called Sweet Spot: An Ice Cream Binge Across America. Soda fountain concoctions made up of a carbonated liquid and ice cream made the medicine taste sweeter, according to Darcy O'Neil, a historian of American drinking who wrote Fix the Pumps, a history of soda fountains.

Ice cream was, then, considered a health food too. An ad printed in the July 27, 1921, issue of The Evening Missourian urged readers to "Eat a Dish of Ice Cream Every Day" by arguing that "one quart contains the same amount of protein as half a dozen eggs or two pounds of beefsteak."

Amid the crackdown on drugs and alcohol in the early part of the 20th century, temperance-movement activists began pushing the idea of going out to have ice cream sundaes and milkshakes instead drinking at saloons. While soda fountains were able to get away with serving whiskey for medicinal purposes, the temperance activists helped foster the wholesome image of eating ice cream — an image that has endured, even as a new breed of headline-worthy flavors might sometimes disappoint the treat's original boosters.

• 词汇短语

1. saloon n. 酒吧

2. be traced back to 追溯到

3. shift n. 转变

4. market v. 推销

5. treat n. 奖励

6. mask v. 掩盖

7. predecessor n.前辈

8. soda fountain 冷饮柜

9. dish out大量分发

10. spike v. 加烈酒于

11. medicinal adj.医药的

12. arsenic n.砒霜

13. strychnine n.马钱子碱

14. boast v.夸口说

15. binge n.狂欢；大吃大河

16. concoction n.调和物

17. carbonated adj.含二氧化碳的

18. scoop v.舀；挖

19. quart n.液体或固体的容积单位

20. crackdown n.镇压

21. temperance n.节制

22. booster n.支持者

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