小升初英语备考(小升初英语专项复习2.1)
名词的学习并不复杂,下面这个简单的思维导图就概括了名词的所有知识点和考点。
一、考点梳理
二、名词的数
其中常考的知识点是名词的数,所以现在我们先复习名词的数。
1.名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词——可以数的名词 :girl boy man woman book teacher student
不可数名词——数不清(没有复数):drink milk tea water juice coke coffee porridge
2. 可数名词分为单数和复数。
名词单数就是该词本身,在其前面加a或an。a boy, a girl
复数名词是指名词的数量“大于一”,如: two books (两本书) four students (四个学生)
不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用,没有复数形式。
3. ※对可数名词的数量提问用how many ,对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much
How many boys are there in your class?
How much water are there in the bottle?
4.可数名词单数变复数规则:
1)大多数名词单数变复数,直接在词尾加“s”。apple----apples,friend-----friends
2)以x、s、sh、ch结尾的,词尾加“es"。
bus-----buses box----- boxes match-----matches
3)以f或fe结尾的名词变成复数时,去掉f、fe,在词尾加ves。
leaf-----leaves thief-----thieves wife-----wives knife-----knives
口诀:妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf),小偷(thief)吓得发了慌
躲在架后(shelf)保己命(oneself),半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。
4).以o结尾的名词,分两种情况:
a.直接加“s”(无生命), photo-----photos radio----- radios
b.在词尾加“es”(有生命),
hero 英雄-----heroes英雄们 potato-----potatoes tomato-----tomatoes
可以记一个口诀:英雄爱吃两道菜,土豆and西红柿。
5)以辅音字母加“y”结尾的名词,变“y”为“i”加“es”。
study-----studies baby-----babies
5. 不规则变化如下:
1) 元音字母发生变化。
man--men(男人) woman--women(妇女) tooth--teeth(牙齿) foot--fee t(脚) mouse--mice(老鼠) policeman--policemen(警察) policewoman--policewomen(女 警察)
2) 词尾发生变化。 child--children(小孩) , ox--oxen(公牛)
3) 单、复数形式相同。
fish--fish(鱼) sheep--sheep(绵羊) deer--deer(鹿) Chinese--Chinese(中国人), yuan--yuan(元) ,jin--jin(斤)
注意: 不说an English,要说an Englishman.
三、实践练习:
一)、写出下列单词的复数形式
book_______ family__________ nose _________ teacher__________ bus___________
boy_________ sheep_________ man__________ photo __________ knife____________
girl________ tomato_____________ child_____________ foot__________ box_________
二) 写出下列单词的单数形式
cities_______ teeth________ pianos_________ foxes________ strawberries___________
women_____________ babies _________ watches__________ potatoes____________
三)、用括号中单词的正确形式填空。
1. They have some new _______ (hat).
2. —What are these? —They are ______________ (orange).
3. There are many ______________ (box) here.
4. Give me some ______________ (egg), please.
5. —Are those your ______________ (shoe)? —Yes, they are.
6. In autumn, you can see a lot of ______________ (leaf) on the ground.
7. Do you want some ______________ (potato) for supper?
8. Two ______________ (family) live in this building.
9. I like ______________ (chicken) better than beef.
10. There are some ______________ (glass) on the table.
11. I have two ______________ (knife).
12. I can see two ______________ (policeman) standing near the door.
13. Would you like some ______________ (bread)?
14. The ______________ (child) are playing football now.
15. Please take two ______________ (photo) for me.
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