关系代词和动词的关系(动词过去分词和过去的变形规律)
动词过去分词和过去的变形规律:
AAA型
即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。(共9个)
cost—cost—cost
cut—cut—cut
hit—hit—hit
hurt—hurt—hurt
let—let—let
put—put—put
read—read—read(read的原形和过去式、过去分词读音不同[2])
set-set-set
shut-shut-shut
ABB型
过去式、过去分词相同。(共42个)
过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。(4个)
bring—brought—brought
buy—bought—bought
think—thought—thought
fight—fought—fought
词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t。(4个)
build—built—built
lend—lent—lent
send—sent—sent
spend—spent—spent
过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。(2个)
catch—caught—caught
teach—taught—taught
把-eep、-eel变为-ept、-elt。(4个)
keep—kept—kept
sleep—slept—slept
sweep—swept—swept
feel—felt—felt
把-ell变为-old。(2个)
tell—told—told
sell—sold—sold
把-ell、-ill变为-elt或-ilt。(3个)
smell—smelt—smelt
spell—spelt—spelt
spill—spilt—spilt
把-eed、-ead、-eet变为-ed或-et。(4个)
feed—fed—fed
lead—led—led
speed—sped—sped
meet—met—met
过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。(6个)
learn—learnt—learnt
mean—meant—meant
spoil—spoilt—spoilt
burn—burnt—burnt
dream—dreamt—dreamt
deal—dealt—dealt
过去式、过去分词词尾去y变-id(3个)
say—said—said
pay—paid—paid
lay—laid—laid
变元音字母。(12个)
get—got—got
sit—sat—sat
find—found—found
hold—held—held
spit—spat—spat
shine—shone—shone
win—won—won
hang—hung—hung
dig—dug—dug
lose—lost—lost
改变辅音字母。(4个)
make—made—made
改变元、辅音字母。(4个)
leave—left—left
stand—stood—stood
have/has—had—had
understand—understood—understood
BC型
原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。(共39个)
i—a—u变化。(7个)
begin—began—begun
drink—drank—drunk
sing—sang—sung
ring—rang—rung
swim—swam—swum
sink—sank—sunk
spring—sprang—sprung
词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。(5个)
blow—blew—blown
draw—drew—drawn
grow—grew—grown
know—knew—known
throw—threw—thrown
(show除外)
词尾为“i 辅(1个) e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t后加n。(4个)(give,hide除外)
drive—drove—driven
write—wrote—written
ride—rode—ridden
rise—rose—risen
过去分词在过去式后加n。(3个)
wake—woke—woken
speak-spoke-spoken
steal-stole-stolen
过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。(2个)
get-got-gotten/got
forget—forgot—forgotten
过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。(6个)
be—was(were)—been
eat—ate—eaten
fall—fell—fallen
give—gave—given
see—saw—seen
hide—hid—hidden(hid)
词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。(2个)
take—took—taken
mistake—mistook—mistaken
原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。(6个)
do—did—done
fly—flew—flown
go—went—gone
lie—lay—lain
show—showed—shown
wear—wore—worn
词尾为-eak时,过去式将其变为-oke,过去分词在过去式后加-n。(2个)
break—broke—broken
speak—spoke—spoken
词中间为“oo 辅(1个) e”或“ee 辅(1个) e”,过去式将oo、ee变为o,过去分词在过去式后加-n。(2个)
choose—chose—chosen
freeze—froze—frozen
AAB型
过去式和原形相同。(1个)
beat—beat—beaten
ABA型
过去分词和原形相同。(共3个)
词中间为“o 辅 e”时,过去式将o变为a。(2个)
come—came—come
become—became—become
情态动词型
(除must)
只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。(共4个)
can—could may—might will—would shall—should
must既没有过去式也没有过去分词
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