初中英语代词的用法大全（初中英语语法第2季）

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初中英语语法第2季：代词

代词分类：

分类	例词
人称代词	I，we，you，he，she，it，them...
物主代词	My,your,his,her,our,their,mine,hers,theirs,ours...
反身代词	myself,yourself,herself,itself,ourselves,themselves...
指示代词	this,that,these,those
相互代词	each other,one another
疑问代词	who,whom,whose,which,what
不定代词	all,some,any,much,many,few,little...
关系代词	who,whose,that,which....
连接代词	who,whose,which,what...

人称代词：

人称/格/数	单数		复数
	主格	宾格	主格	宾格
第一人称	I	me	we	us
第二人称	You	you	you	you
第三人称	he，she，it	him，her，it	they	them

人称代词的句法功能：

l 主格人称代词用作主语

He Knew where I was going(He和I作主语，注意主格I在任何位置都要大写，其他主格代词不需要)

l 宾格人称代词作宾语或表语:We hope you like her(作动词的宾语）/ Who told you this news？-It's me(me是表语)

人称代词的用法：

l It的用法：先挖个坑

l We，you，they的特殊用法：都可用来泛指“人们”

l 注意要点：出现多个人称代词，单数按照“二三一”的顺序排列，即you，he，she and I或you，him，her and me；复数并列按照”一二三”顺序排列，即we，you，and they或us，you and them；如需承担责任，说话则需把第一人称放在第一位You，she and I should work together and play together / I and Leo broke the window

l 人称代词单独使用时，常用宾格而不是主格：I’d like to stay here--Me too / You are supposed to help Jack.--Why me?

物主代词：

人称/词性/数	单数		复数
	形容词性	名词性	形容词性	名词性
第一人称	my	mine	our	ours
第二人称	your	yours	your	yours
第三人称	his，her，its	his，hers，/	their	theirs

句法功能：

l 形容词性物主代词：相当于形容词，放在名词前，作定语，翻译为“...的” Thank you for your last letter(你的) 提示=>可加own表示强调She has her own computer/I want to have a car of my own；许多固定短语中，形容词性物主代词不可缺少（举例中用one's替代其他物主代词）do one's homework/lose one's way/try one's best

l 名词性物主代词：相当于名词，不能放在名词前作定语，而是在句中作主语，宾语，表语或与of连用构成双重所有格，作后置定语。My iPad is good.His is better.(作主语=他的ipad)/Could i use yours(作宾语）/He might be in his(作介词宾语)/Are those books yours？(作表语） /Jack is a friend of mine杰克是我的一个朋友

反身代词：

数/人称	第一人称	第二人称	第三人称
单数	myself	yourself	himself，herself，itself
复数	ourselves	yourselves	themselves

句法功能：

l 做同位语：作主语或宾语的同位语，起强调作用，重读，可放在主语，宾语之后，也可位于句尾。

You will have to do it yourself(you的同位语) / I spoke to the boss himself(boss同位语)

l 作动词宾语：不重读，不起强调作用，可接反身代词作宾语的常见动词有buy，cut，dress，dry，enjoy，help，hide，hurt，introduce，make，teach，wash等。 Bob taught himself how to make a home page /Please help yourself to some fruit

l 作介词宾语(多见于习惯用语): I think I should be allowed to make decision for myself / She cooked the whole meal by herself。常见的还有of oneself自动地 in oneself本身，be oneself身心自在，cannot help oneself情不自禁，say to oneself心里想 seat oneself坐下，come to oneself恢复知觉，talk/speak to oneself自言自语，enjoy oneself玩得愉快

指示代词：用来指代或标记，this，that，these，those。

句法功能：与定冠词和人称代词一样具有“指定”的含义，所指对象取决于说话者和听话者共同熟悉的语境，可作定语，主语，宾语，表语等。

What does this word mean？（定语）/ Hi,Diao.This is Gou(主语） /I like these better than those（宾语）/What i like is this，not that（表语）

用法：

l This，these指时间或空间离说话者较近的人或物；that，those指时间和空间距离较远的人或物：I love this book but I don't like that one

l That，those常用来代替前面已提到的事物，以避免重复：Students in China are a little more difficult than those in the US.

l 打电话介绍自己要用“this is...”，询问或确认对方是哪一位要说“who's that？/Is that...”

l 人称代词代词指示代词，当所指的事物已经确定时，后面的指示代词指人时必须用he，she或they，指物时须用it或they。This is my brother.He studies at the university of London/Are these books yours？--Yes，They are.

不定代词：不指明代替任何特定名词的代词，具有名词和形容词性质，有可数与不可数，单数和复数区别

分类	作用	示例
形容词性质	作定语	every，other，no
名词性质	作主语，表语，宾语	anybody，anyone，somebody，someone，everybody，everyone，nobody，no one，anything，everything，something，nothing，others，the others，none，one
形容词 名词性质	作主语，表语，宾语，定语，同位语	(a)little,much,another,each,neither,either,(a)few,both,many,all,any,some,such,the other

用法：

l Both：Both of us want to go(主语）/I like both of them（宾语）/Both her children go to the same school(定语）/We both have been there（同位语) 特别提示both和not连用表部分否定“两者并不都”，全部否定要用neither=> Not both my parents are for my plan我父母并不都支持我/ Neither of my parents is for my plan我父母都不支持我(谓语用单数) / We both went to the cinema last night可在实义动词前 / The couple have both lived here for years可在助动词，连系动词，情态动词后 / Are your parents both teachers？---Yes，They both are答语中both不能在句末。

l Either和neither:表“两者中的任何一个”，neither表“两者都不”，均可修饰或代替可数名词单数，句中作主语，宾语，定语等，作主语时，谓语用单数。Either of you could do it你们俩谁做都可以(主语） / Did you see Peter and Mike？--No,I saw neither of them（宾语) /Neither answer is correct两个答案都不正确（定语)

l One： 指代可数名词单数，可人可物，作主语，宾语，表语等，复数是ones。 1 泛指“人”“一个人”“人们”表示包括自己在内的总体，这种用法可出现one's和oneself相呼应=> One has to do one's best /One should take care of oneself 2表具体的“一个人或事物” Miss Gou is a English teacher，one who is both strict and kind / This is the one you are looking for 3代替上文已提及或对方已知的某个可数名词单数，ones代替可数名词复数，以避免重复 I don't like this cellphone，the one you just showed me /I prefer red roses to white ones 注意：当one前有形容词修饰时，形容词前必须有冠词或代词the best one，a nice one，her last one

It，one，that的用法比较：it指代前面提到过的同一事物“同名同物”I left my key in my drawer，but today it is gone(it=key）one泛指与前面的名词同类的另一事物，“同名异物”I don't like this type of computer.Could you show me a better one？(one指下文的电脑而不是上文的) that特指的名词与前面的名词只是同一类，并非同一个，“同名异物”只能指事物The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than that in Beijing(that指weather但不是同一地区的)

l All：表“所有的”，修饰或代替可数名词复数，也可修饰或代替不可数名词，句中作主语，宾语，定语，同位语 All are here(主语) / I brought all of them(宾语) / He called up all his friends(定语) / She has read them all(同位语) 注意：1，all与not连用时，表示部分否定“并非所有的”，全部否定用none=> Not all of us agree to the plan我们并非都同意这个计划 None of us agree to the plan我们都不同意这个计划 2，all可在实义动词前，连系动词，助动词/情态动词后，答语中，不能在句末。My family like all pop music /My classmates can all swim/ Do you agree to this plan？---Yes, we all do

l Each:代替或修饰可数名词单数，强调个体。在句中可作主语，宾语，定语，同位语等，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。We each know what we should do next /Each of the students has got a dictionary

l Every：修饰可数名词单数，强调整体，只能作定语=> Every student will be involved in the research

l None:作主语，宾语，表语。替代可数“没有一个”，替代不可数“全无”。作主语时谓语单复数都可。None dares/dare to tell lies before the teacher / I bought a lot but he bought none/I want some more milk but there is none left. 注意：no one一般指人不能加of短语，常回答who提问；none 既可指人也可指物可加of短语，常回答how many/much提问。Who told you the news？---No one. /How much oney have you got on you?---None

l Some和any： 1，表“一些”时，都可修饰或指代可数和不可数名词，一般情况下肯定句用some，否定，疑问和条件句中用any。 I must get some fruit in the market(肯定) /I don't have any stamps in the drawer(=I have no stamps in the drawer) (否定)/Do you have any coats for children?(疑问) 2,some用于表请求的疑问句是希望得到对方的肯定回答；any有时也可用于肯定句，这时表“任何一个”。 Would you like some coffee？/If he read any of those books，he would have known the answer /Any normal child can pick up a language 3，some/any of结构作主语时，谓语动词根据of后面的名词或单词的单复数而定 Some of the food has gone bad/ I don’t think any of them are coming

l Another,other(s)和the other(s)

代词/区别点	意义	用法
another	泛指三个或以上的人或物中的“再一个，另一个”	可单独使用，可修饰可数单数
other	泛指“另外的，其他的”	修饰可数复数/不可数
others=other 可数复数	泛指“另一些”	单独使用，常搭配some...,others...
the other	特指“另一个/些...	可单独使用，可修饰可数
the others=the other 可数复数	特指一定范围内“其余的人或物”	只单独使用

I don’t like this one,and please show me another. / Give me some other examples /Some pens are red,and others are blue 泛指/ He has two sons.One is doctor and the other is a soldier /I have ten pens.two of them are red and the others are blue特指10支笔中

l Many和much：“许多，大量”many修饰或代替可数，much修饰或代替不可数；前面 as，so，too，how表强调。Many of my friends live abroad / much of the work has been finished/There are so many mistakes in your diary /How much is the book？

l Little，a little，few，a few：

代词/区别	意义	句法功能	用法	与of搭配
little	几乎没有	主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语(a little可修饰比较级)	修饰或代替不可数名词	of后为特指的不可数名词或it
a little	有一点
few	没有几个	主语，宾语，表语，定语	修饰或代替可数名词复数	of后为特指的可数名词或them，you，us
a few	有几个

There is a little orange juice in the bottle(定语) 有一点儿橘子汁 / there is little orange juice in the bottle(定语) 几乎没有橘子汁/ There is few oranges on the tree 没有几个橘子在树上/There is a few birds on the tree有几只鸟在树上 注意：little--less--least<=比较级和最高级=>few--fewer--fewest； Diao Spend less time on maths,but she is much better at it /Who made fewer mistakes,Diao or Gou?

l 复合不定代词：

some-	someone	somebody	something
any-	anyone	anybody	anything
every-	everyone	everybody	everything
no-	no one/none	nobody	nothing

1，some-主要用于肯定句，any-主要用于否定句，疑问句和条件句；当some-用于疑问句时，有期望得到肯定回答的含义；当any-用于肯定句时表示“任何”之意。

There is somebody/someone in it(注意-one和-body可以相互换用，只是前者较文雅) /There isn’t anything in it / Everybody’s/Everyone’s business is nobody’s/no one’s business(事关大家无人管)

2，形容词修饰复合不定代词要放在其后面: There is nothing important here

l 相互代词：主要是each other和one another，意为“互相，相互”，只能作宾语，所有格形式是each other’s和one another’s. We often help each other/one another when in trouble. 注意：相互代词和其后的名词构成的词组不能作主语

l 疑问代词

用法/句法功能			主语	宾语	表语	定语
指人	主格	who	OK	OK	OK
	宾语	whom		OK
	属格	whose	OK	OK	OK	OK
指物	which(可指人)		OK	OK		OK
	what		OK	OK	OK	OK

1，who，whom的用法：意为“谁”

Who kicks Diao?(主语)

Whom/Who Did Gou kick?(whom作动词kick的宾语，可用who代替)

With whom did Gou kick Diao?(介词宾语时，whom不能用who代替)

2，whose的用法：意为“谁的”，既可前置作定语，也可单独使用

They are all good at maths,but whose is the best？（主语：谁的数学是最好的？）

Whose do you like better，Diao’s pen or Gou’s pen?(宾语：刁的笔和苟的笔，你更喜欢谁的(笔)呢？-这里谁的(笔)是like的宾语)

Diao has already taken her bag away.Whose is this?(表语：这是谁的包呢？)

Whose pen is better?(定语：谁的笔更好)

2，which的用法：意为“哪一个，哪一些”，可指人，可指物，可数单，可数复。句中可主，宾，定。

Which is better?(主语）

Which of these pens do you like?(宾语：of which的名词短语作like的宾语)

Which cities are you going to visit？(定语)

3，what的用法：意为“什么”，可单独使用，也可放名词前，句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。

What makes you love English so much?（主语) / What do you like?(宾语) / What is this?(表语) /What size do you like?(定语) 4.1 询问姓名，物品，颜色，时间等What's your name / What's this? / What color is it? /What time is it? / What day is it today? / What kind of books do you like? 4.2询问职业 What is your sister？/What do you do? 4.3询问品行，外貌，天气 What is he like? 品行怎样？/ What’s the weather like? 天气怎样？/ What does she looks like?外貌怎样？ 4.4,“what about”征求意见或询问情况 What about you?

注意：what常泛指，没有选择范围，which特指在具体范围内进行选择What color do you like? /Which color do you like better, red or yellow?

l 关系代词：挖个坑

l 连接代词：who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whichever，whatever引导主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。包括表示疑问连接代词和非疑问连接代词。

What he said made me very angry(主语从句) / No one knows what will happen(宾语从句) / I have no idea who he is(同位语从句，who he is=名词化模块) / I won’t believe whoever cheats me(宾语从句) / Whichever player arrives at ten will be the winner(主语从句) / Take whichever seat you like(宾语从句) / She is allowed to do whatever she likes(宾语从句)

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