英语的被动语态（英语语法）

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这里是 Yvonne英语杂记！

今天要分享的是英语“被动语态”

英语语法——“被动语态”

语态的分类

① 主动语态:表示主语是动作的执行者

② 被动语态:表示主语是动作的承受者

⑴ 主动语态：He opened the door.

(主语是人，他打开了门)

⑵ 被动语态：The door was opened.

(主语是物，门被打开了)

语态的分类

被动语态的结构:

① 一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are 动词过去分词

例子:

⑴ You are wanted on the phone.

⑵ The room is cleaned every day.

① 一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are 动词过去分词

② 现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are being 动词过去分词

例子:

⑴ My bike is being repaired.

⑵ A new building is being built in our school.

② 现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are being 动词过去分词

③ 一般过去时的被动语态: was/were 动词过去分词

例子:

⑴ Many trees were planted on the hill yesterday.

⑵ The room was cleaned yesterday.

③ 一般过去时的被动语态: was/were 动词过去分词

④ 一般将来时: will be 动词过去分词

例子:

⑴The problem will be discussed tomorrow.

⑵ Some new factories will be built in our city this year.

④ 一般将来时:will be 动词过去分词

⑤ 现在完成时: have/ has been 动词过去分词

例子:

⑴ The book has been taken away.

⑵ Your watch has been mended.

⑤ 现在完成时: have/ has been 动词过去分词

⑥ 过去完成时: had been 动词过去分词

例子:

(1) The book had been borrowed.

(2) My bike had been repaired.

⑥ 过去完成时: had been 动词过去分词

主动语态变被动语态:

① 主动语态句子的宾语改为被动语态句子的主语

② 主动语态句子的谓语动词改成被动形式

③ 主动语态句子的主语与介词by一起构成短语

例子:

(1)主动语态：Tom makes the cakes.

被动语态：The cakes are made by Tom.

主动语态变被动语态:

例子:

⑵ 主动语态: Tom will make the cakes.

被动语态：The cakes will be made by Tom.

⑶ 主动语态：They can repair this watch.

被动语态: This watch can be repaired by them.

被动语态的注意事项:

① 句中含有双宾语, 如 give sb sth./ give sth. to sb时，通常把前面的宾语改为被动句中的主语

例子:

⑴ 主动语态: They give me an apple.

被动语态: I am given an apple by them.

⑵ 主动语态: They give an apple to me.

被动语态: An apple is given to me by them.

① 句中含有双宾语, 如 give sb sth./ give sth. to sb时，通常把前面的宾语改为被动句中的主语

② 主动句中，谓语是含有介词或副词的动词短语，变为被动句时介词或副词不能省略

例子:

⑴ 主动语态:We often talk with the old politely.

被动语态:The old are often talked with politely by us.

⑵ 主动语态:Parents take good care of their children.

被动语态:Their children are taken good care of by parents.

② 主动句中，谓语是含有介词或副词的动词短语，变为被动句时介词或副词不能省略

③ 常见的词组有make, have, let, notice. watch, look at, hear listen to，变被动时要加上to

例子:

⑴主动语态:We make the boy stand outside.

被动语态:The boy is made to stand outside by us.

⑵ 主动语态:Mr. Lee see him wash the dishes.

被动语态:He was seen to wash the dishes.

③ 常见的词组有make, have, let, notice. watch, look at, hear listen to，变被动时要加上to

④ 有些系动词: taste, sound, prove, feel, look, smell, remain appear等，常用主动结构表示被动含义

例子:

⑴ The flower looks ugly.

⑵ The dish smells delicious.

④ 有些系动词: taste, sound, prove, feel, look, smell, remain appear等，常用主动结构表示被动含义

⑤ need / want / require 动词ing形式表示被动=need / want/ require to be done

例子:

⑴My watch needs repairing. = My watch needs to be repaired.

⑵The house wants painting. = The house wants to be painted.

⑤ need / want / require 动词ing形式表示被动=need / want/ require to be done

⑥ 某些可以和well, easily, smoothly等副词连用的不及物动词如read, write, wash, clean, draw, burn, cook, sell, lock, open, shut等，且主语是非生命的名词或代词，用主动结构表被动含义

例子:

⑴ The book sells well.

⑵ The pen writes smoothly.

练习

现在一起来完成练习吧！

练习题

⑴ D

(关键词：smoking 物体做主语，根据句意，吸烟不被允许，所以用被动语态isn't allowed，所以选D)

⑵ A

(根据句意：Tom被询问为什么迟到，用被动语态was asked，所以选A)

⑶ C

(关键词：next Sunday表示将来时，根据句意，话剧将会在下周被上演，用被动语态will be shown，所以选C)

⑷ C

(根据句意，苹果卖得很好因为看起来很不错，sell和look用主动表示被动，所以选C)

⑸ D

(根据句意，有人在电话上找你，说明你被找，用被动语态，所以选D)

练习题答案

继续完成练习吧！

练习题

⑹ D

(关键词：yesterday表示过去式，根据句意，一些建议被给到学生，用被动语态，所以选D)

⑺ D

(关键词：根据句意，这个新自行车被作为生日，用被动语态，所以选D)

⑻ C

(关键词：根据句意，这本书被孩子们喜爱，用被动语态，所以选C)

⑼ C

(关键词：next year表示将来时，根据句意，很多老师将会被送到西部地区，用被动语态，所以选C)

⑽ C

(关键词：last Monday表示过去时，根据句意，我的建议被接受了，用被动语态，所以选C)

练习题答案

这就是今天分享的英语语法“被动语态”啦！

Thank you

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下期见啦！

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