中式英语形容状态(对中式英语说不)
对于中式英语,我们通常会从思维的角度来论证中英两种语言的差异。不过,从翻译的角度说,中式英语应在很大程度上归属到”世界英语“(global English)的范畴;在做中译英时,以尽可能表达中文的意思为目标,在用词上接近于plain English。当然,如果译者能很好的使用一些地道的词语,译文质量则会更上层楼!
从语言角度来看,中式英语本身具有强烈的”中文词语英化“的特点,但对于英语母语者来说,这种似是而非的表达,只会造成”失之毫厘,谬以千里“的结果!不过,在这其中,有一些中文词语在英语中是有对应词的,需要译者有更多的英语知识积累,方能察觉并用到!
一、中英文化有相通之处,不同的词语表达同样的意思
有他这颗扫帚星,什么事情都办不成。
[误] With a comet like him, nothing can be accomplished.
[正] With a jinx like him, nothing can be accomplished.
注
“扫帚星”是中国人对“慧星”(comet)的俗称,因其后面象拖着的一条像扫帚一样的长尾巴而得名。在中国古代,“扫帚星”被认为是灾难的预兆,并被用来比喻不吉利的人或事;祸根;person or thing that is thought to bring bad luck(to sb/sth);curse。英语的 comet虽然没有这层含义,但却有一个对应的说法,即 jinx。 例:There's a jinx on/Someone's put a jinx on this car: it's always giving me trouble.“这辆汽车不太吉利,总给我找麻烦”。
萝卜青菜,各有所爱。
[误] Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage.
[正] Tastes differ.
注
Tastes differ/vary是句英语谚语,除此以外,原句还可翻译成No dish suits all tastes或You can never make everyone happy等。《新概念英语》第三册第23课的标题是:One man's meat is another man's poison,表达的很生动。 总之,应采取意译。
他一向嘴硬,从不认错。
[误] He has always got a hard mouth and never admit a fault.
[正] He never Says uncle.
注
Say (cry) uncle: to give up or in; to surrender;to admit defeat。Say uncle主要是男孩们打架时的用语,当一方想制服另一方时,就用命令的口气说:“Say uncle!”这时,有的孩子为了表示不服输,就是不说。后来,say uncle就成了“服输”的代名词,而not say uncle就相当于“嘴硬”了。
老师很喜欢这个嘴甜的小姑娘。
[误] The teacher likes this sweet-mouthed little girl very much.
[正] The teacher likes this honey-lippedlittle girl very much.
注
对于一个人说的话很得人心,招人喜欢,中国人喜欢说这个人“嘴甜”,字面意思自然是sweet-mouthed;不过,honey-lipped更符合英美人的语言习惯。
同学们都很讨厌他,因为他经常拍老师的马屁。
[误] The student all dislike him because he often pats the teacher's ass.
[正] The students all dislike him because he often licks the teacher's boots.
注
以前在欧洲,臣民见到国王与王后往往要匍匐在地,亲吻他们的靴子。后来,人们将lick the boots引申为“为了某种目的而讨好某人”,它与汉语的“拍马屁”含义一样。在美国英语中,“拍马屁”还有另一种说法,即polish the apple,典出以前的学生用擦亮的苹果来讨好老师。
人都是这山望着那山高,对自己的现状没有满意的时候。
[误] Almost all people think that the other mountain is higher than the one he's standing on. They never feel saisfied with what they've already got.
[正] Almost all people think that the grass is greener on the other hill. They never feel saisfied with what they've already got.
注
这山望着那山高”是指人不满足于现状的心理,它在英语中有现成的说法,即 the grass is greener on the other hill(他山的草更绿),因此我们借用即可,这样既方便又更有利于与西方人沟通。
别看别人不把她当回事,在家里她可是父亲的掌上明珠。
[误] Although other people never take her seriousy, she is the pearl on her father's hand at home.
[正] Although other people never take her seriousy, she is the apple of her father's eyeat home.
注
中英文常用不同的喻体表明相同的喻义,“掌上明珠”与the apple of one's eye就是一个很好的例子。这种情况我们一般应尊重各国文化和习俗,翻译时取目的语的固定说法,而不必直译,这有助于将意思更有效地传达给读者。
The apple of one's eye源自圣经《旧约》,当时人们用apple指人的瞳孔。尽管瞳孔现在已经用pupil来表示,不再是apple了,但这一用法却延续了下来。
都十点钟了。起床了,懒虫!
[误] It's ten o'clock. Get up, lazy worm!
[正] It's ten o'clock. Get up, lazy bones!
注
“懒虫”并非真是一条虫,只不过被用来形容人很懒惰罢了,即a lazy person。英语里与之对应的说法是lazy bones(懒骨头)。注意,这里的bone应以复数形式出现,也许是因为不会只有一根骨头懒吧!
另外,也可以用slugabed来表示同样的意思!
我们俩关系最好,他经常来我这儿蹭饭吃。
[误] We are best friends. He always comes here to have meals for free.
[正] We are best friends. He always comes here to bum meals off me.
注
第一句只表明“他常到我这儿来白吃白喝”,但朋友这间那种亲密关系没有体现出来。而 bum sth. off sb.指向非常熟的朋友要一些不起眼的小东西,而朋友也不会介意还不还。
我希望你不要拖我的后腿。
[误] I hope that you won't pull my leg.
[正] I hope that you won't hold me back.
注
Pull one's leg 是“愚弄某人,开某人的玩笑”的意思,相当于make fun of sb.。英语中与“拖后腿”相对应的表达是hold sb. back 或be a drag on sb.等。
~~未完待续~~
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