高考常用英语词汇及短语（英语180组易混淆词汇辨析）

1. in a word, in words

in aword总之，一句话，

inwords口头上

In a word, you are right.

2. in place of, in the place of

in placeof代替，

in the placeof在…地方

A new building is built in the place of the old one.

3. in secret, in the secret

insecret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；

in thesecret知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语

My mother was in the secret from the beginning.

4. a girl, one girl (及其它类似的)

agirl可泛指所有女孩,

onegirl一个女孩

Can one girl carry such a big box?

5. take a chair, take the chair

take achair相当于sitdown坐下，

take thechair开始开会

6. go to sea, by sea, by the sea

go tosea当海员，出航，

bysea乘船，由海路，

by thesea在海边

go by sea

7. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and theteacher

the doctor andteacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师，

the doctor and theteacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师

the doctor and teacher is

8. in office, in the office

inoffice在职的，

in theoffice在办公室里

He is in office, not out of office.

9. in bed, on the bed

inbed卧在床上，

on thebed在床上

The book is on the bed.

He is ill in bed.

10. in charge of, in the charge of

in chargeof管理，负责照料，

in the chargeof由……照料

He is in charge of the matter.

The matter is in the charge of her.

11. in class, in the class

inclass在课上，intheclass在班级里He is the best student in the class.

12. on fire, on the fire

on fire**,on thefire在火上Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire.

13. out of question, out of the question

out ofquestion毫无疑问的，outof thequestion不可能的

14. a second, the second

asecond又一，再一，thesecond第…… Hewon the second prize.

15. by day, by the day

byday白天，bytheday按天计算The workers are paid by the day.

16. the people, a people

thepeople指人，apeople指民族The Chinese is a peace-loving people.

17. it, one

it同一物体，one同类不同一I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.

18. that, this

that指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的I was ill. That's why…

19. none, nothing, no one

none强调有多少，nothing,noone强调有没有，nothing指物，noone指人

--- How many…/Howmuch…? --- None.

20. anyone, any one

anyone指人，不能接of，anyone指人物均可，可接ofany one of you

21. who, what

who指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位What is your dad? He is a teacher.

22. what, which

what的选择基础是无**的，which在一定范围内进行选择Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?

23. other, another

other后接名词复数，another后接名词单数other students, another student

24. not a little, not a bit

not alittle非常，notabit一点也不I'm not a bit tired.我一点儿也不累。

25. many, much, a lot of

many和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用，alotof可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句I haven't many books.

26. much more…than, manymore…than

muchmore…than后接形容词或不可数名词，manymore…than后接可数名词many more people, much more water, much more beautiful

27. no, not

no=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend nowater=not any water

28. no more than, not more than

no morethan相当于only，仅仅，只有，notmore than至多，不超过

29. majority, most

majority只能修饰可数名词，most可数不可数均可the majority of people

30. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, ofoneself

byoneself单独的，独自的，foroneself为自己，tooneself供自己用的，ofoneself自行的

31. at all, after all

atall根本，全然,afterall到底，毕竟After all he is a child.

32. tall, high

tall常指人或动物，high常指物体He is tall.

33. fast, quickly

fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快run fast, answer the question quickly

34. high, highly

high具体的高，highly抽象的高，高度的think highly of

35. healthy, healthful

healthy健康的，健壮的，

healthful有益于健康的 healthful exercise

36. sleeping, asleep, sleepy

sleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. I'm sleepy.

37. gold, golden

gold指真金制品，golden指金色的，但金鱼用goldfish a gold ring

38. most, mostly

most用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于very，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，

mostly大部分,是副词most people, the people are mostly…

39. just, very

just表强调时是副词，作状语，very表强调时是形容词，用作定语the very man, just the man

40. wide, broad

wide侧重于一边到另一边的距离，broad侧重于幅面的宽广broadshoulders

41. real, true

real真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合real gold, a true story

42. respectful, respectable

respectful尊敬，有礼貌，

respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的

be respectful to the aged

43. outwards, outward

二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面，

outward还可用作形容词an outward voyage

44. pleasant, pleased, pleasing

pleasant常用作定语，pleased,pleasing常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，pleasing主语常为物a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing.

45. understanding, understandable

understanding明白事理的，能体谅的，understandable可理解的，能够懂的an understanding girl, an understandable mistake

46. close, closely

close接近，靠近，closely紧紧地，紧密地closely connected, stand close

47. ill, sick

ill做表语，sick定，表均可a sick boy

48. good, well

good形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词He is well again.

49. quiet, silent, still

quiet安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent不发出声音，但可以动，still完全不动，完全无声响He stand there still.他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。

50. hard, hardly

hard努力，hardly几乎不work hard I can hardly believe it.

51. able, capable

able与不定式todo连用，capable与of连用He is capable of doing…

52. almost, nearly

二者均为'几乎,差不多'和否定词连用用almostalmost nobody

53. late, lately

late迟，晚，lately最近，近来I haven't seen him lately.

54. living, alive, live, lively

living, alive,live均为活着的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定语后置，live只能做定语，lively意为活波的all the living people=all the people alive

55. excited, exciting

excited使人兴奋的，exciting令人兴奋的I'm excited. The news is exciting.

56. deep, deeply

deep具体的深，deeply抽象的深，深深地deeply moved, dig deep

57. aloud, loud

aloud出声地，loud大声地readaloud(出声地读)

58. worth, worthy

二者均为值得，

worth后接doing，

worthy后接 to be done, of being done

It is worth visiting.

=It's worthy to be visited.

= It's worthy of being visited.

59. bad, badly

bad形容词，badly副词，不好，但与need,want,require连用为'很，非常'go bad I need the book badly.

60. before long, long before

beforelong不久以后，longbefore很久以前not long before = before long

61. at, in(表地点)

at小地点，in大地点arrive at a small village, arrive in Shanghai

62. at work, in work

at work在工作，在上班，in work有职业，有工作Both my parents are at work. They are not at home.

63. increase to, increase by

increaseto增长到…，increaseby增长了…The number increased by 2,000 to 5,000.

64. at ease, with ease

at ease舒适地，安逸地；

with ease容易地，无困难地do it with ease

65. day after day, day by day

day afterday日复一日（无变化）；daybyday一天天地（有变化）Treesgrow taller day by day.

66. like, as

like相似关系，但并不等同，as同一关系，两者实为一体Don't treat me as a child. (In fact, I'm a child.)

67. after, in(表时间)

after接时间点，in接时间段after 7:00, in five minutes

68. between, among

between两者之间，三者或三者以上两两之间,among三者或三者以上之间

Switzerland lies betweenFrance, Germany, Australia and Italy.

69. after, behind(表位置)

after强调次序的先后，behind强调物体静态位置的前后There are many trees behind the house.

70. since, for(完成时间状语)

since接点时间或一句话，for接一段时间for three years, since 3:00

71. on the corner, in the corner, at the corner

on thecorner物体表面的角上，inthecorner物体内部的角落里，atthecorner物体外部的角落上（拐角处）onthe corner of the table

72. warn sb. of, warn sb. against

warn sb.of提醒某人注意某事，warnsb.against提醒某人不要做某事warm him against swimming in that part of the river

73. at peace, in peace

atpeace平静地，inpeace和平地live in peace with one's neighbors

74. on earth, on the earth, in the earth

onearth在世上，在人间，到底，究竟，一点也不，ontheearth在地上，在地球上，intheearth在地下，在泥土里no use on earth

75. in surprise, to one's surprise, by surprise

insurprise惊奇地，toone'ssurprise使某人吃惊的是，bysurprise使…惊慌The question took the professor by surprise.

76. in the air, on the air, in the sky

in theair正在酝酿中，ontheair播送，广播，inthesky在天空中His show is on the air at 6:00 tonight.

77. in the field, on the field

in thefield在野外，onthefield在战场上He lost his life on the field.

78. in the market, on the market

in themarket表示场所或地点，在市场上，onthe market出售 He sells fish inthe market. Fresh vegetables are on the market now.

79. in the sun, under the sun

in thesun在阳光下，underthesun地球上，全世界people under the sun

80. in a voice, with one voice

in avoice出声地，withonevoice异口同声地They refused with one voice.

81. through, across

through穿越空间，across在…上穿过through the forest, across the desert

82. on the way, in the way

on theway在前往…的路上，inthe way挡路 The chair is in theway.

83.above, on, over

above在上面，不接触，on在上面，接触，over在正上方fly over the hill

84. until, not…until

until到…为止，not…until直到…才（常跟点动词连用）Iwaited until 3:00. He didn't come until 3:00.

85. besides, except, except for

besides除了…还（包括在内）except除了（不包括在内），exceptfor整体…除了某一点以外The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.

86. weather, if

当是否解时，只有在宾语从句中二者可以互换，其余都用weather，当如果解时用ifI don't know if/whether he will come. If he comes, I'll let youknow.

87. and, or

and并且，or或者，否则，常用于否定句中I don't like apples or bananas.

Hurry up and you'll catchthe bus. Hurry up or you'll miss the bus.

88. because, since, as, for

原因由强到弱为：because,since/as, for.在句中的位置如下：1)…because…2) Since/as…, … 3)…, for… Since I was ill, Ididn't go.

89. when, as, while(表时间)

when从句动词点动词，持续性动词均可，as重在表示动作同时发生，伴随进行，while从句动词为持续性动词While I slept, a thief broke in.

90. the same…as, thesame…that

thesame…as和…一样的（相似但不同一），the same…that同一物体This is the same pen that I used yesterday.(同一支笔)

91. as well, as well as

aswell也，常放于句末，和and连用表示既…又；aswellas并列连词，不但…而且…He is a professor, and a writer as well.

92. such…as,such…that

such…as像…样的，such…that如此…以至于He is not such a fool as he looks like. He is such a good studentthat all the teachers like him.

93. because, because of

because连词，连接两句话，becauseof介词短语，后接词或短语He didn't go to school because of his illness.

94. in order that, in order to

表目的，inorderthat后接句子，inorderto后接动词原形I got up early in order to catch the first bus. I got up early sothat I could catch the first bus.

95. for example, such as

forexample一般只列举一个，suchas列举多个例子I have been to a lot of American cities, such as New York, Atlantaand Chicago.

96. used to, would

表过去常常，和现在相对应用usedto，不提现在用wouldI used to get up early, but now I don't.

97. All right. That's all right. That's right.

All right. That's allright.当好吧解时，可以替换；当不客气，没关系解时只能用That'sall right. That's right.那是对的---Sorry. --- That's all right.

98. such…that,so…that

当如此…以至于解时，such…that修饰名词，so…that修饰形容词或副词，但名词前面如果有many,much, little,few修饰用so…that，不用suchthat

so many peoplethat… such a lovely boy=so lovely a boy

99. so be (have, can, do)主语，neither(nor) be (have, can, do)主语

也一样，肯定用so…否定用neither(nor) ---I can't play tennis. ---Nor can I.

100. Shall I…? Willyou…?

Shall I…?征求对方意见或向对方请示，意为我能…吗？Will you…?请求或建议对方做某事，意为你愿意…吗？Willyou help me? Yes, I will.

101. quite, rather

quite完全地，相当于completely,rather修饰比较级quite impossible

102. happy, glad

happy高兴，幸福，定表均可，glad高兴，只能做表语a happy girl

103. instead, instead of

instead是副词，放在句首或句末，insteadof是介词短语，放在句中Hedidn't see a film. Instead he watched TV. He watched TV instead ofseeing a film.

104. too much, much too

too much后接不可数名词，muchtoo后接形容词much too heavy

105. be about to, be going to, be to do

be aboutto表最近的将来，后面不接时间状语，begoing to侧重打算，想法，betodo侧重意志，计划，安排I'mto meethim.(含双方事先约好的意思)

106. raise, rise

raise及物动词，rise不及物动词The sun rises in the east.

107. bring, take, carry, fetch

bring拿来，take带走，carry随身携带，fetch去回这一往返动作fetch a box of chalk

108. spend, take, pay, cost

spend人做主语，花钱，花时间;spend…on sth./in doing sth;take物做主语，花时间;pay人做主语，花钱，payfor;cost物做主语，花钱

109. join, join in, take part in

join加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员；joinin参加小型的活动,join sb. in；take part in参加大型的活动He joined the army five years ago.

**. learn, study

learn学习，侧重学习的结果，study学习，侧重学习的过程，研究

study the problem

111. want, hope, wish

want打算，想要，wantto do, want sb. to do,hope希望（通常可以实现），hopeto do/ hope that…wish希望（通常不能实现）wish(sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. n. I wish you success.

112. discover, invent, find out

discover发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西，invent发明本来不存在的物体，findout发现，查明At last he found out the truth.

113. answer, reply

answer及物动词，reply不及物动词，后接to reply to the letter

114. leave, leave for

leave离开，leavefor前往 He left BeijingforShanghai.

115. rob, steal

rob** rob sb. ofsth.，steal偷 steal sth. fromsb.

116. shoot, shoot at

shoot射死，shootat瞄准，但不一定射中He shot the bird and it died.

117. drop, fall

drop及物不及物均可，fall不及物动词Prices fell/dropped. He dropped his voice.

118. search, search for

search后接地点，searchfor后接东西He searched his pocket for money.

119. used to, be used to

usedto过去常常，beusedto习惯于，后接sth./doingsth.；被用来，后接do sth. He is used to getting up early.

120. win, lose, beat

win后接sth.，反义词为lose,beat后接sb. win the game, beatthem

121. live on, live by

liveon以…为主食，liveby靠…谋生live on fish/ live by fishing

122. beat, hit, strike

beat连续性地击打；hit打中，对准打；strike打一下或若干下beat the wings

123. meet, meet with

meet遇到，meetwith体验到，遭遇到meet with an accident

124. lose, miss

lose失去（具体的物体），错过sth. is lost, lose the chance；miss想念，错过sth.is missing, miss the chance

125. be tired of, be tired with/from

be tiredof厌烦…，betiredwith/from因为…而累了be tired with/from running 800 meters

126. care about, care for

careabout关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；carefor关心，照料，喜欢，愿意He doesn't care about his clothes. I don't care for movies.

127. catch a cold, have a cold

catch acold不能和表示'一段时间'的状语连用，而havea cold可以

She has had a cold for aweek.

128. change for, change into

changefor调换成，changeinto变成 Change the shirt for abigger one. Water changes into ice.

129. continue, last

二者均为持续，continue主动，被动均可，last只能用主动The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to becontinued.

130. feed, raise

feed喂养，养活，饲养(to give food to)，raise饲养，养育(cause to grow, bring up children) raise the family

131. clothes, cloth, clothing

clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数，cloth指布，为不可数名词clothing服装的总称，指一件衣服用apiece of, an article of

132. incident, accident

incident指小事件,accident指不幸的事故Hewas killed in the accident.

133. amount, number

amount后接不可数名词，number后接可数名词a number of students

134. family, house, home

home家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员.My family is a happy one.

135. sound, voice, noise

sound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音Ihate the loud noise outside.

136. photo, picture, drawing

photo用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画Let's go and see a good picture.

137. vocabulary, word

vocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，word具体的单词Hehas a large vocabulary.

138. population, people

population人口，人数，people具体的人China has a large population.

139. weather, climate

weather一天内具体的天气状况，climate长期的气候状况The climate here is not good for you.

140. road, street, path, way

road具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径

take this road; in the street, show me the wayto the museum.

141. course, subject

course课程（可包括多门科目），subject科目（具体的学科）asummer course

142. custom, habit

custom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接todo，habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接ofdoing. I've got the habit of drinking a lot.

143. cause, reason

cause指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接ofsth./doingsth，reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接forsth./doing sth. the reason for being late

144. exercise, exercises, practice

exercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习Practice makes perfect.

145. class, lesson

作'课'解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class.lesson 6; class 5

146. speech, talk, lecture

speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，lecture学术性的演讲，讲课a series of lecture on…

147. officer, official

officer部队的军官，official政府官员an army officer

148. work, job

二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数a good job

149. couple, pair

couple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西a pair of trousers

150. country, nation, state, land

country侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land国土，国家The whole nation was sad at the news.

151. cook, cooker

cook厨师，cooker厨具He is a good cook.

152. damage, damages

damage不可数名词,损害，损失;damages复数形式,赔偿金 $900damages

153. police, policeman

police**的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman指某个具体的**The police are questioning everyone in the house.

154. problem, question

problem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为thinkabout, solve,raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask,answer连用

155. man, a man

man人类，aman一个男人Man will conquer nature.

156. chick, chicken

二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉The chicken is delicious.

157. telegram, telegraph

当电报解时，telegram指具体的，telegraph指抽象的a telegram, by telegraph

158. trip, journey, travel, voyage

travel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航行a three-day trip

159. sport, game

sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则His favorite sport is swimming.

160. price, prize

price价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金win the first prize The price is high/low.

161. a number of, the number of

a numberof许多，谓语动词用复数。thenumberof…的数目，谓语动词用单数。Thenumber of students is increasing.

162. in front of, in the front of

in frontof范围外的前面，inthe frontof范围内的前面In the front of the room sits a boy.

163. of the day, of a day

of theday每一天的，当时的，当代的，of aday暂时的，不长久的a famous scientist of the day

164. three of us, the three of us

three ofus我们（不止三个）中的三个，thethree ofus我们三个（就三个人）Thethree of us---Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.

165. by bus, on the bus

bybus表手段，方式，不用冠词，onthe bus表范围They went there by bus.

166. for a moment, for the moment

for a moment片刻，一会儿，forthemoment暂时，一时Thinking for a moment, he agreed.

167. next year, the next year

nextyear将来时间状语，thenextyear过去将来时间状语He said he would go abroad the next year.

168. more than a year, more than one year

more than ayear一年多，morethan oneyear超过一年（两年或三年等）

169. take advice, take the(one's) advice

takeadvice征求意见，taketheadvice接受忠告He refused to take the advice and failed again.

170. take air, take the air

takeair传播，走漏，taketheair到户外去，

We take the air every day.

171.elder 与elderly

两者都为“年老的”，但有细微的差别。

elderly指中年与暮年之间的年龄，表示人已过中年，因此，这词常用来代替old。如：

an elderly gentleman.一位年长的绅士。

elder指年龄稍长者，适用于家庭的兄弟姐妹之间。如：

Tom is the elder of the two.汤姆是两个孩子中较大的一个。

172.precious 和expensive

expensive表示“昂贵的”。如：Thedrink was cheap , but the food was very expensive .饮料很便宜，但食物很贵。precious表示“珍贵的，宝贵的”。如：Thechildren are precious to me .孩子们对我来说很重要。

173.regret to do和 regret doing

regret doing表示“做了某事而感到遗憾或后悔”，v-ing动作发生在regret之前。如：Iregretted missing the train.我为没有赶上火车而感到很懊恼。regret to do指“当时或现在遗憾地做什么”。如：Iregret to tell you that we can't stay here any longer.我遗憾地告诉你，我们不能在这儿多呆了。

174.day by day和 day after day

两词组意思很近，但有区别：dayby day只用作状语，表示“一天天地”,有逐渐转变的意思。如：Dayby day she seems to grow a littletaller.她似乎一天天地长高了。day after day可作主语，宾语等，亦可作状语，表示“一天又一天”，强调动作的重复，表示时间的长久。如：We do the same work day after day.每天我们做着同样的事情。/Day after day went by , and I still don't receive her letter.一天天过去了，我还是没有收到她的来信。

175.damp与 wet

两者都表示“潮湿的”，但有细微差别。wet指曾浸泡在液体中或布满了液体的东西，或指多雨的天气。如：It's a wet day.今天是一个雨天。/wet clothes湿衣服。damp指未湿透但潮湿的东西。The damp in the air makes me uncomfortable.潮湿的空气使我感到不舒服。

176.hunger与 starvation

两词都表“饥饿”。hunger指人对食物的迫切要求，是一种正常的生理现象。如：Hunger is the best sauce.肚子饿了吃什么都香。而starvation指长时间缺乏食物引起痛苦，与hunger相比是不正常的生理现象，而是人为的灾难。如：

The old man died of starvation.那个老人活活饿死了。

177.boring与 dull , tiresome

三词都为“令人厌烦的”，但有区别：

boring概念最广，尤指引起人厌倦、枯燥的谈话文章，也指令人生厌的人。如：

The talk was very long and boring.这篇谈话冗长，毫无趣味。

dull 与 boring极为相近，也指因呆板或缺乏趣味性而令人感到厌倦。如：

a dull book一本枯燥的书。tiresome主指单调沉闷而产生疲倦厌烦。如：

It's tiresome to be funny for a whole evening整晚上都逗笑取乐是很疲劳的。

178.gift与 present

两词都为“礼物”，但有细微的差别。

gift既指免费捐赠给团体或机构的物品，也指亲友间互赠礼品。如：

a gift to the museum一件捐给博物馆的赠品。

present指亲友间互赠,如：

Here is a little present for you.这儿有你一份小小的礼物。

179.handsome与 beautiful

两词都表“美丽”，但有区别。beautiful指优美和谐、高贵，多形容妇女、地方、事物，很少用来形容男子。如：

a beautiful woman一位美丽的妇女

a beautiful scene美景。而handsome用于形容男人，表示英俊潇洒。如：

He is a tall and handsome man.他是一个高大英俊的男人。

180.country 与 nation

country表示国家，包括领土和人民，着重指疆土。该词概念极为广泛，可用于各种文体，有时作“祖国”讲，带感情色彩。如：

China is a great country with a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的伟大国家。

His father's country was France.他父亲的祖国是法国。

After many years abroad,he wanted to return home to his country.在国外呆了多年以后，他想回到自己的祖国去。

country来源于拉丁文contra，是对立的意思，即某地区与其他地区极不相同从而独立存在。

nation指在某一国土上定居的人民，以及代表他们的独立政权。nation来源于拉丁文nasci,意思是出生，nation原指具有相同血源的民族，因此它强调一个国家中的人民，概念较country狭窄。如:

the Chinese nation中华民族。

The whole nation rose to resist aggression.全民奋起抗击侵略。

The president spoke on the radio to the nation.总统通过广播向全国人民讲话。但在国际交往正式场合下，nation语体庄重，较country用得多。如：

the United Nations联合国

a most favoured nation最惠国

the law of nations国际公法。

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