宾语从句写作训练(宾语从句青云计划)
宾语从句,是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
意义:语法是语言的组织规律,任何人在使用语言时,不管他是否学过语法,都须合乎语法。另外,总结语法本身的规律也能加深我们对语言的理解,让我们能够真正熟练地运用语言。(宾语:指一个动作(动词)的接受者,常置于动词之后,也有双宾语结构例句:he gave me a book,类似拥有me和book两个宾语的句子叫双宾语从句),在复合句中,由一个句子充当宾语,这个句子就叫做宾语从句。
定义:置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:引导词、语序和时态。
一、引导词
1.从句为陈述句,常选择引导词that或将that省略,直接与主句相连。
2.从句为一般疑问句,常选择引导词if或whether。在 whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。
3.从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等疑问代词、疑问副词作引导词。 注意:当who为主语时,句式为:who 谓语 其他。
4.从句的引导词有很多,如:say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等。
二、判断时态情况
1.主句是一般现在时,从句为各种时态。
2.主句是一般过去时,从句为各种相应过去时态。
3. 当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实真理时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。 例句:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
注意:从句描绘客观事实,用一般现在时。
4.关系代词:that,who,whom,whose,which
1) The teacher told the children that the sun____ round. was B. is C. were D. are2) I believe that our team____ the basketball match. win B. won C. will win D. wins 答:1.B 2.C
宾语从句用作宾语。如:
Do you know where he lives ?
定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词。如:
The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.
This is the man whom he is looking for.
三、宾语从句的用法
1. that引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略。但下列情况除外: ①.介词宾语从句的that不能省略。 ②. and连接的两个从句,两个从句的that不能省略。 He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college. ③.在动词 it 宾语补足语 宾语从句结构中,that不省略。 I heard it said that he had gone abroad We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time
2. Whether,if 引导宾语从句:两词可互换,但是下列情形除外: ①.whether从句中有or not ②.whether从句做介词宾语 Everything depends on whether you agree with us
3. 许多带复合宾语的句子,宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it做形式宾语。结构是: 主语 动词 it 形容词/名词等宾语补足语 宾语从句 We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone. ①.宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。 False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. ②. 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。 Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible. Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. ③. 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。 Bad: I think he doesn't like the English teacher. Good: I don't think he likes the English teacher. ④. 主句一般过去时态,从句也要用过去时态;具体细节请看第一部分。 False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner. Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.
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