convince和persuade区别(persuade与convince的差异处)

三个方面:

第一:单词含义;第二:结构与搭配;第三:人或物作主语。

第一:含义,牛津高阶是这样讲的:

convince和persuade区别(persuade与convince的差异处)(1)

《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第六版persuade词条

词语辨析persuade/convince

persuade的主要意思为说服、劝说:

I tried to persuade her to see a doctor. 我极力劝她去看医生。

convince的主要意思为使确信、信服:

He convinced me he was right. 他使我相信他是正确的。

不过,上述两词两种含义都用的情况相当普遍,尤其是convince常作同义词替代persuadeI persuaded/convinced her to see a doctor. 我劝她去看医生。

有些说英国英语的人认为此用法不正确。

l那么,这里建议:考“雅思,托福等级别”的学生使用更规范些的用法为好,更为保险,特别是在听力、作文当中。


第二:结构与搭配;

相同的结构与搭配:

persuade或convince sb to do sth说服/劝服某人做某事

persuade或convince sb of sth,persuade或convince sb that…使信服/使相信

sb be persuade of sth,sb be persuade that 相当于

sb be convinced of sth,sb be convince that 都是“信服/相信”的含义。

不同的结构与搭配:

有persuade sb into (doing) sth,

persuade sb out of (doing) sth以及

persuade sb to sth结构

但没有convince sb into/out of (doing) sth,

也没有convince sb to sth结构。


第三:人或物作主语:

convince人或物作主语均可;

persuade常见的是人做其主语,也可见到物做其主语的情形。

convince和persuade区别(persuade与convince的差异处)(2)

——这是与赵振才先生在其大作《英语常见问题解答大词典》(增订版)第318convince/persuade词条所说的内容不符:

原文如下:

大量的实例表明,persuade的主语总是表人的词语,而convince的主语既可以是表人的词语,也可以是表物的词语。

persuade物作主语的实例:

《现代英语用法词典》(修订版)第1215页relax词条

Better times ahead may persuade the Chancellor to relax his hold on the economy.

persuade sb to do

《COBUILD英汉双解词典》第1438页persuade词条

persuade说服;劝服;驱迫

…as the threat of unemployment persuades workers to moderate their pay demands.

…因为工人们害怕失业而降低了在工资方面的要求。

《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》第1626页persuade词条

persuade劝服;说服

If she doesn’t want to go, nothing you can say will persuade her.

如果她不想去,你说什么也劝不动她。



下面是一些例句,便于理解,收纳于此。

《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第六版第页persuade词条

persuade sb (into sth/into doing sth)劝说;说服

Try to persuade him to come. 尽量劝他来。

Please try and persuade her. 请尽力说服她。

She’s always easily persuaded. 她向来禁不住劝。

I allowed myself to be persuaded into entering the competition.

我搁不住人家的劝说,就参加了比赛。

I’m sure he’ll come with a bit of persuading. 我相信,劝一劝他就会来的。

persuade使信服;使相信(相当于convince

It will be difficult to persuade them that there’s no other choice.

很难让他们相信别无选择。

She had persuaded herself that life was not worth living. 她自认为人生没有价值。

No one was persuaded by his arguments. 没人相信他的论点。

I am still not fully persuaded of the plan’s merits. 我还不能完全信服这个计划的优点。

《COBUILD英汉双解词典》第1438页persuade词条

persuaded被说服的;信服的

She gradually became persuaded that market research was a community service.

她逐渐相信市场研究是一项社区公益服务。

Few of them are persuaded of the benefits of the village shop.

他们当中很少人相信乡村商店的好处。

persuasive有说服力的;令人信服的

a very persuasive argument一个很有说服力的论点

He was eloquent and persuasive. 他能言善辩,很有说服力。

《COBUILD英汉双解词典》第411页convince词条

convince使相信

It took me a day or two to convince her that I wasn’t going to harm her.

我用了一、两天的时间才使她相信我不会伤害她。

convince: they persuade you to do something说服(某人做某事)

Powerful advertising can convince people to buy almost anything.

有影响力的广告可说服人们买下任何东西。

convinced确信的;信服的

She was convinced that her mother had been innocent.

她确信她母亲是无罪的。

Brody was convinced he was right. 布罗迪坚信自己是正确的。

convince和persuade区别(persuade与convince的差异处)(3)

《英语常用词疑难用法手册》第205页convince和persuade词条

convince与persuade在意义上的区别原来比较明确。

convince是说服某人相信某一说法符合事实或某一主张是正确的;persuade则是说服某人去采取行动。所以在搭配上分别是convince sb that…, convince sb of sth; persuade sb to do…但是在现代英语中,这个释义上与搭配上的界限已经模糊,两者已经可以互用:

convince sb to do; persuade sb that…, persuade sb of sth的搭配也已经普通使用,be persuaded that或be persuaded of sth也可以代替be convinced that或be convinced of sth表示“确信”的状态。

convince是表示经过一段过程后动作完成,达到了目的。如果只是在进行了说服工作,对方还没有听从,就不能直接使用,但是可以加以“过程化”,说try to convince。

Before you try to convince anyone else, be sure you are convinced, and if you cannot convince yourself, drop the subject. 你在设法说服如何别人之前,先要弄清楚你自己已经是信服了的,如果你连自己也说不服,那你就打消这个话题吧。(这里try to convince不能改为convince,因为说的是开口去说服别人,还谈不上别人听不听,cannot convince中的convince指的才是达到说服目的)

至于persuade,有人主张它只是表示“努力说服”的过程,不包括“说服了”的结果,但是也有人认为persuade同convince一样,也可以指经过过程之后达到终点的瞬时动作。

convinced不一定是被他人说服(甚至可以根本没有任何人来试图说服),而是自己由于某一原因而确信。如果是“被他人说服”,to be convinced是一种瞬时变化(从“不信”到“信”)。如果是“自己确信”,那就是一种延续状态。

瞬时变化不用一般现在时(错:They convince me that…),一般过去时通常也是表示过去的延续状态,较少表示过去发生的瞬时被动变化。

《文馨当代英汉词典》第1364页persuade词条

Tom tried to persuade me to his way of thinking. (文)汤姆试图劝我依从他的想法。

Can you persuade her into/out of wearing that dress? (文)你能劝她穿/不穿那件衣服吗?

be persuaded确信

I was persuaded of her innocence (that she was innocent). 我确信她是无辜的。

persuade oneself 让自己相信

I persuade myself of his sincerity. 我确信他真诚。

He could not persuade himself that the moment would ever come.

他无法让自己相信那个时刻将会来到。

persuade指以强有力的劝诱、辩论、忠告等,诉诸对方的理性或感情,使采取某种行动,或接受某种想法:We persuaded him to consult a doctor.

《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第四版增补本第1097页persuade词条

persuade sb (into/out of) sth说服或劝说某人做某事


2017年9月29日

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