人教版高中英语选修8unit5（人教版高中英语选修八）

Unit 2 Cloning假设你是李津,与你以前的外籍教师Mrs Green 一直保持联系近日她来信询问你的近况,请根据以下提示给她回复一封邮件，今天小编就来聊一聊关于人教版高中英语选修8unit5?接下来我们就一起去研究一下吧!

人教版高中英语选修8unit5

Unit 2 Cloning

假设你是李津,与你以前的外籍教师Mrs Green 一直保持联系。近日她来信询问你的近况,请根据以下提示给她回复一封邮件。

1.简要介绍自己的学习和生活;

2.告知你已成为八月底在津举办的第十三届全运会的志愿者,并介绍为此所做的准备(如深入了解天津等);

3.希望她有机会重访天津。

注意: 1.词数不少于100;

2.可适当加入细节,使内容充实、行文连贯;

3.开头已给出,不计入总词数。

参考词汇:第十三届全运会 the 13th National Games

Dear Mrs Green,

I'm so glad to hear from you. In your last letter, you asked me about my study and life. I'm very pleased to tell you that I have made great progress in my spoken English since you left. As for my life, I take exercise regularly and do more outdoor activities, which builds up my body and character as well.

I have good news to tell you that I have been chosen to be a volunteer in the coming 13th National Games to be held in Tianjin at the end of August.To be a qualified volunteer, I made some preparations. I interviewed many people from all walks of life, which improved and deepened my understanding of Tianjin.

I hope you can revisit Tianjin if you have a chance. Looking forward to seeing you again.

Yours,

Li Jin

1.文章体裁:电子邮件。

2.行文逻辑:引出话题→介绍自己的情况→表达愿望。

3.词汇短语:运用了较高级的词汇和短语。如:be pleased to(高兴做某事),make great progress(取得大进步),qualified(合格的)等。

4.句式句法:运用了多样化的句式结构。如:①宾语从句:that I have made great progress in my spoken English since you left;②定语从句:which builds up my body and character as well;③非谓语动词:To be a qualified volunteer…(不定式作目的状语);④状语从句:if you have a chance…(条件状语从句)等。

Ⅰ.单词荟萃

1.undertake vt.(undertook,undertaken) 着手;从事;承担

2.forbid vt.(forbade,forbad;forbidden) 禁止;不准

3.own vt.欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于……

4.strike vi. & vt.(struck,struck) 打;撞击;罢工 n. 罢工

5.differ vi.不同;相异→different adj.不同的→difference n. 不同;差异

6.exact adj.精确的;准确的→exactly adv.恰好地;精确地;正确地

7.commercial adj.商业的;贸易的→commerce n.商业

8.correction n.改正;纠正;修正→correct vt.改正adj.正确的;恰当的;端正的

9.object vi.反对;不赞成→objection n.不赞成;反对;异议→objective adj.客观的;就事论事的

10.accumulate vt.& vi.积累;聚积→accumulation n.积累;增加

11.retire vi.退休;离开→retirement n.退休

12.assumption n.假定;设想→assume vt.假定;设想

13.regulation n.规则;规章;法规→regulate vt.调节;管理

14.popularity n.受人喜爱;流行→popular adj.流行的,通俗的;受欢迎的

15.initial adj.最初的;开始的→initially adv.最初;开始;起初

16.resist vt.抵抗;对抗→resistant adj.抵抗的;有抵抗力的→resistance n.抵抗;对抗

17.decoration n.装饰→decorate vt.装饰;装潢

18.unable adj. 不能的;不会的→able adj. 有能力的;能干的→ability n.能力

19.fairly adv.公平地;相当地→fair adj.公平的

20.reasonable adj.合情理的;讲道理的;公道的→reason n.原因;道理

Ⅱ.短语检测

1.pay off 取得成功;偿清

2.on the other hand 另一方面

3.cast down 使失望;使沮丧

4.be appropriate for/to 对于……来说合适

5.make a correction to 修改……

6.raise/cause a storm of 引发了……的风暴

7.open sb's eyes to sth.使某人看清某事

8.have an impact on 对……有影响

9.in vain 白费力气;枉费心机

10.in favour of 赞成;支持

11.be bound to (do) 一定或注定(做)……

12.strike…into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心

13.from time to time不时,偶尔

14.bring back to life 使复生;使复活

15.in good/poor condition 状况很好(坏);情况很好(坏)

Ⅲ.佳句再现

1.while表示前后分句的对比关系,意为"然而;而"

Cloning plants is straightforward __________________cloning animals is very complicated.

2."全倒装 同位语从句"结构

__________________(传来) the disturbing news__________________ Dolly had become seriously ill.

3."with 宾语 过去分词"结构

Diversity in a group means having animals __________________(基因的排列方式) in different ways.

4.The advantage is that…"其优点是……",that引导表语从句

__________________(优点是) if there is a new illness some of these animals may die…

5. 过去分词作状语:based on…建立在……的基础之上

__________________ (建立在……基础之上)what we know now, you cannot clone animals that have been extinct longer than 10,000 years.

答案：1.while　2. Then came; that　3.with their genes arranged　4. The advantage is that

5. Based on

【巧学助记】

构词法记忆 •否定前缀in-,多用于形容词前,表示"不,非"

①complete adj.完整的→incomplete adj.不完整的

②correct adj.准确的→ incorrect adj.不准确的

③dependent adj.依赖的; 依靠的→independent adj.独立的,自主的

规律记忆 •"from 名词 to 名词"型短语

①from door to door挨家挨户

②from tip to toe彻头彻尾,完全

③from morning to(till) night从早到晚

④from hand to mouth仅够糊口

⑤from beginning to end从头到尾

⑥from bad to worse每况愈下

⑦from start to finish自始至终

单词点睛

●1 differ v. (to disagree; to have another opinion)不同;相异

(1)differ from 与……不同

differ in (size, colour, age…)在……方面不同

(2)make a/some/no difference有/有些/没有作用或影响

be different from…in…在……方面与……不同

【活学活用】

(1)Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be controlled on purpose.人的面部表情与动物的面部表情就刻意被控制的程度来说是不一样的。

(2)I'm afraid I differ with you on that question.对于那个问题,恐怕我与你有不同的看法。

(3)The twin brothers are alike in appearance but differ greatly in character.这对孪生兄弟外貌很相像,但性格相差很大。

(4)语法填空。

①Chinese eating and drinking habits differ greatly________________those in the West.

②Was it on the matter of finance that they differed________________each other?

③Leaves are found on all kinds of trees, but they differ greatly________________size and shape.

④What you have told me may make a difference________________my own position.

⑤________________(differ) from cars, cycling is a means of environmentally friendly transportation.

(5)一句多译。

①That fashion ________________may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.

②That fashion________________may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.

不同国家的时尚差异可能从一个方面反映了文化差异。

答案：(4)①from　②with　③in　④to　⑤Differing (5)①is different from country to country

②differs from country to country

●2 undertake vt.(to make oneself responsible for sth. or start a piece of work)着手;从事;承担;保证,答应

undertake sth. 着手/从事/承担某事

undertake to do sth. 保证/答应做某事

undertake that… 保证……

undertake responsibility/a task/a project承担责任/任务/工程

【活学活用】

(1)If you undertake the project, you are bound to meet with difficulties.如果你承接这项工程的话,免不了会遇到许多困难。

(2)He undertook to deliver us at the airport at ten next morning.他担保第二天上午十点把我们送到机场。

(3)A large number of Chinese companies________________large-scale projects in Africa.许多中国公司正在承担着非洲的大规模的项目。

(4)语法填空。

①The police are said ________________(undertake) detailed investigations into the case at present.

②Cooking, traditionally________________(undertake)by mothers, has been often taken over by fathers nowadays.

③Whether or not the construction of the bridge________________(undertake) by our company remains to be seen.

答案：(3)are undertaking　(4)①to be undertaking　②undertaken　③will be undertaken

●3 objection n. (disapproval; opposition; a feeling of dislike)不赞成;反对;异议

(1)raise an objection 提出异议

have an objection to 反对……

an objection to 反对……

(2)object to sb./sth. 反对某人/某事

object to doing sth. 反对做某事

object that… 反对……

[温馨提示] (1)object to中的to为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词。

(2)object表示"反对",为不及物动词,接宾语需加介词to;oppose表示"反对",为及物动词,接宾语不需加介词to。 be opposed to…表示"反对……,和……相反"。

【活学活用】

(1)He raised a strong objection to (=strongly objected to) the plan because he thought it would be too expensive.他强烈反对这个计划,因为他认为这个计划代价太高。

(2)The match was cancelled because most of the members objected to having a match without a standard court.因为大多数成员反对在没有一个标准球场的情况下举行比赛,所以比赛取消了。

(3)语法填空。

①I have no objection________________your going, but you must promise to come back before ten.

②As long as you can guarantee safety and low cost, we haven't any slightest_____________(object).

③Do you have any objection to________________(change) your working hours?

④The journalist had many pictures of the woman secretly taken even though she objected to______________(photograph).

答案：(3)①to　②objection　③changing　④being photographed

●4 forbid vt. (forbade; forbidden) (to say that sb. mustn't do sth.; not to allow sb. to use)禁止;不准;阻止;妨碍

forbidden adj. 禁止的

forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事

forbid sb. to do sth.=forbid sb. from doing sth.禁止某人做某事

be forbidden to do sth 被禁止做某事

【活学活用】

(1)As far as I can remember, this place used to forbid parking cars and bikes.在我的记忆中,这个地方曾经禁止停放汽车和自行车。

(2)Alcohol acts on the brain, so drivers are forbidden to drink it when they drive a car.酒精对大脑有影响,因此司机开车时禁止饮酒。

(3)The mother forbids her child to swim (=________________) in the river unless someone agrees to watch over.母亲不允许她的孩子去河里游泳,除非有人同意看护。

(4)语法填空。

①The factory forbids the workers ________________smoking in the workshops.

②The guard forbade us________________(look) out of the window when the train was moving.

③Lack of space forbids________________(list) the names of all those who contributed.

④For this writer there is no such thing as a________________(forbid) topic.

答案：(3)forbids her child from swimming　(4)①from　②to look　③listing　④forbidden

●5 owe vt. (to have to pay; to be in debt for; to have to give)欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于……

(1)owe…to… 把……归功于……

owe sb. sth.=owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物;把……归功于某人

owe it to sb that… 多亏某人……

owe thanks to sb. 感谢某人

(2)owing to=because of 幸亏,由于,因为

[温馨提示] 如果owe的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句,可使用it作形式宾语,将充当真正宾语的动词不定式或名词性从句放在句尾。如:

He owes it to his doctor's care that he is quite well again.他恢复得很好,他把这归功于医生的照顾。

【活学活用】

(1)Thank you for the magazine you bought for me. How much do I owe you?谢谢您给我买来这本杂志,我该付您多少钱?

(2)He owes his good health to plenty of exercise and a regular life.他把他身体健康归功于充分锻炼和生活有规律。

(3)We________________Marconi and Bell that we can now talk to the people on the other side of the world.今天我们之所以能够和远在地球另一端的人通话,应归功于马可尼和贝尔。

(4)语法填空。

①He owed________________to his first English teacher that he had a good pronunciation.

②She had a headache,______________(owe)to the weather here, but she is now accustomed to it.

(5)一句多译。

①________________, we succeeded in starting the engine.(介词短语)

②________________we succeeded in starting the engine. (强调句型)

多亏她帮忙,我们才成功启动了引擎。

答案：(3)owe it to (4)①it　②owing　(5)①Owing to her assistance

②It was owing to her assistance that

●6 bother v.(to give trouble to)打扰,麻烦 n.(trouble, inconvenience)烦恼;麻烦,不便

bother sb. about/with sth. 麻烦某人某事

can't be bothered to do/with doing sth.不愿为做某事而操心/嫌麻烦而不做某事

have no/much/little bother (in) doing…做……不费力/很费力/几乎不费力

【活学活用】

(1)You should keep your mind on the task, and not bother about personal gains or loss.你应该把心思放在工作上,不要患得患失。

(2)If you can't be bothered to move, I will have to fetch it myself.如果你懒得动,我只好自己去取了。

(3)We had quite a lot of bother (in)________________ because of the fog.因为有雾,我们费了很大的劲儿才找到他的办公室。

(4)语法填空。

①I am sorry I have bothered you________________so many questions.

②Many times we just can't________________(bother) to do our very best work.

③The famous movie star could hardly walk down the street without ________________(bother).

④Since I moved here, my noisy neighbour ________________(bother) me.

答案：(3)finding his office　(4)①with　②be bothered　③being bothered　④has been bothering

●7 strike vt.& vi.打,击;突然袭击;敲响;报时;给……以(深刻)印象

(1)be struck by/with… 被……击中;(引申义)被……打动,迷恋……

It strikes sb that (=It occurs to sb that)…某人突然想到……

strike…into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心

(2)be/go on strike 罢工

【活学活用】

(1)Although scientists have made a breakthrough in the research of cancer, the word "cancer"still strikes terror into people's hearts.尽管科学家们在癌症研究方面已取得了突破,"癌症"这个词仍然使人们感到恐惧。

(2)Visitors to Beijing are usually struck by the great number of trees in the city.去北京的游客通常都会感到北京的树特别多。

(3)Just as I was going downstairs, ________________I had left the door unlocked.就在我下楼时,我忽然想起来忘了锁门了。

(4)语法填空。

①Not until all the demands had been turned down did the workers decide to go ___________strike.

②Her brother was struck________________heart disease when he was thirty.

③On hearing the girl ________________(strike)by a truck has been sent to hospital by an ambulance, many people volunteered to donate blood.

④China has promised not to use the nuclear weapon unless________________(strike) by the atom bombs.

(5)一词多义。

①He struck me as a very serious but friendly person.

②A powerful earthquake struck the Italian island of Sicily early this morning.

③At this point, it suddenly struck me that I was wasting my time.

④One cannot but be struck by the enthusiasm of the representatives present.

答案：(3)it suddenly struck/hit/occurred to me that (4)①on　②with　③struck　④struck

(5)①给……印象;让……觉得　②侵袭,袭击　③突然想到,猛地意识到　④被感动

●8 resist vt.抵抗;对抗;抵制;忍耐

(1)resist sb./sth. 抵抗/抵制某人/某物

resist doing sth. 抵制做某事

can't/couldn't resist doing sth.禁不住做某事

(2)resistance n. 抗拒;反对

(3)resistant adj. 抵抗的,反抗的

be resistant to 对……有抵抗力

【活学活用】

(1)They resisted my proposal because they thought the plan would cost too much money.他们反对我提出的计划,因为他们认为这个计划花钱太多。

(2)As the coat was a bargain at such a low price, I couldn't resist the temptation to buy it.因为这件外套售价实在便宜,我抵不住诱惑买了下来。

(3)The public are strongly resistant to(=________________) the new law before it comes into use.这项新法规还未实施就已经遭遇公众的强烈抵制。

(4)语法填空。

①This disease is surprisingly difficult to catch as most people have a natural resistance__________it.

②We came up against a great deal of ________________(resist) in dealing with the case.

③The body may be less________________(resist) if it is cold.

④I couldn't resist________________(laugh)when I heard the joke.

答案：(3)strongly resist　(4)①to　②resistance　③resistant　④laughing

短语储存

●1 pay off 得到好结果,取得成功(常用主动语态);偿清债款

pay for 为……付款;为……付出代价

pay back 还钱;报复

pay a visit to 拜访

pay attention to 注意

【活学活用】

(1)Sandra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence paid off.桑德拉决心成为医生,她的坚持取得了成功。

(2)It took Tom five months to pay off the bill he owed the baker.汤姆花了五个月时间还清了他欠面包商的账单。

(3)It was the determination and patience of the scientists ________________in 1996 with a breakthrough.正是决心和耐心使得科学家们于1996年取得了突破性的成功。

(4)用pay相关短语的适当形式填空。

①It has been rather costly to install the machine, but it should ________________in the long run.

②Loss of health is too high a price to________________success in your studies.

③I am sure that he will ________________every cent he owes you.

答案：(3)that paid off　(4)①pay off　②pay for　③pay back

●2 cast down vt.扔掉;推翻;使下降;使沮丧

(1)cast down one's eyes 垂下眼帘

be/feel cast down 感到沮丧

(2)cast/put/throw sb. into prison把某人投进监狱

cast light upon=throw light on使……容易理解

【活学活用】

(1)The manager cast down his newspaper when he saw the quotation of his speech.当经理看见报纸上引用了他的讲话时,他把报纸扔掉了。(抛下,丢下)

(2)The little girl cast down her eyes in shame.那个小女孩儿羞愧地垂下目光。(降低,使向下)

(3)In making scientific experiments, one should not ________________by temporary setbacks.

进行科学实验时,不应因为暂时的挫折就垂头丧气。(使沮丧)

(4)用cast相关短语的适当形式填空。

①Sylvia's been ________________ever since her mother became so ill.

②Can anybody ________________how this chair got broken?

③Tom's brother was ________________because of murder, and he will be in prison for thirty years.

答案： (3)be cast down　(4)①cast down　②cast light upon ③cast into prison

●3 in good/poor condition 状况很好/坏;情况很好/坏

in condition (=fit/healthy)　健康;状况好

out of condition 状况欠佳

on condition (that)… 在……条件下;倘若……

on no condition 一点儿也不;决不(放在句首时,用部分倒装语序)

[温馨提示] condition指人或物自身的状况时,常用作不可数名词;指周围的环境、境况、条件时,常用复数形式。on no condition置于句首时句子用部分倒装。

【活学活用】

(1)The car has been well maintained and is in good condition.这辆车一直保养得很好,车况极佳。

(2)If you spare half an hour for exercise every day, you'll soon be back in condition.如果你每天进行半小时锻炼,你很快就会恢复健康。

(3)On no condition ________________to do that to your parents.在任何情况下,你都不被允许那样对你父母。

(4)用condition的相关短语填空。

①You must ________________tell him what happened.

②I'll let you have the book ________________you should return it to me next week.

③He knew that he was________________from sitting for so long in the office.

答案： (3)are you allowed　(4)①on no condition ②on condition (that)　③out of condition

●4 in favour of 赞成;支持;有利于;主张

in praise of 表扬

in honour/memory of 纪念

in case of 如果,假使

in charge of 掌管

in possession of 拥有

in consequence of 由于,作为……的结果

【活学活用】

(1)What I'm trying to say is that your father changes his mind in favour of the employees.我要说的是,你父亲改变了主意,支持员工。

(2)When asked about their opinion about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside in favour of younger men.当被问及对校长的看法时,许多老师更愿意/宁愿看见他让位给更年轻的人。

(3)用in的相关短语填空。

①All his family are ________________his decision to work in the western area after graduation.

②While reading, ________________coming across new words, you'd better guess their meanings rather than refer to the dictionary.

③Mary told me that she was ________________some lovely jewels.

④They had to move to another city ________________the typhoon.

答案：(3)①in favour of　②in case of ③in possession of　④in consequence of

句型透视

●1 The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. 她看来是在正常地成长着,这个事实非常令人鼓舞。

句型公式

the fact that………的事实

【句式点拨】

本句是由that引导的一个同位语从句,用于解释和说明fact的内容。引导词that不能省略。经常跟同位语从句的名词有fact, news, message, doubt, possibility, idea, reason, belief, hope, thought, promise, suggestion, question等。引导词有:连接词that, whether;连接代词who, which, what;连接副词where, when, why, how等。

[温馨提示] 使用同位语从句要注意以下两点:

(1)同位语从句在句中的位置。

一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等)的后面,用于说明该名词所表达的具体内容。有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,这在语法上叫作分隔式同位语从句。如:

The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home.她想起她可能在离开家时没把门关上。

(2)同位语从句的语气。

在suggestion,advice,request,order等意为"建议,要求,命令"的名词后,同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用"should 动词原形"的虚拟语气结构,句中的should可以省略。如:

The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule (should) be adopted.主席提出建议,应采纳新规则。

【活学活用】

(1)I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them on the telephone. 我羡慕他经常在课外与学生聊天或通过电话与学生聊天。

(2)Despite the fact that she is the only child in her family, she is never babied by her parents.尽管她是家中的独生女,她父母从不溺爱她。

(3)From the loudspeaker came the exciting news ________________Beijing University.从扬声器里传来了激动人心的消息:她被北大录取。

(4)语法填空。

①The idea ________________computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.

②We are not investigating the question________________he is trustworthy.

③We haven't yet settled the question______________we are going to spend our summer vacation.

④He made a suggestion that they________________(hold) an English speech contest.

答案：(3)that she had been admitted to (4)①that　②whether　③where　④(should)hold

●2 The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die,but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.其优点是如果出现了某种新的疾病,这类动物中的一些可能会死掉,但是另外一些却能存活下来,并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。

句型公式

the advantage is that…优势是……

【句式点拨】

The advantage is that…意为"其优势是……",that引导表语从句。同类表达还有:The advantage/strength of…is that………的优势是……;The disadvantage/drawback of…is that………的不足/缺点是……。

【活学活用】

(1)The advantage of the emotions is that they lead us astray, and the advantage of science is that it is not emotional.情感的好处就是把我们引入歧途,而科学的好处是不感情用事。

(2)The advantage of smiling is that it can not only make us happy,but also please others.微笑的优势在于它不仅仅让我们高兴,还能取悦别人。

(3)I like fishing. ________________I can take in fresh air in the open air.

我喜欢钓鱼。其优势之一就是我可以呼吸户外的新鲜空气。

(4)________________of the popularity of cars ____________it brings about so much air pollution.(drawback)汽车普及的缺点是它带来了很多空气污染。

答案：(3)One of its advantages is that　(4)The drawback; is that

,