心理学alevel讲解（Alevel心理学笔记整理）

There is no doubt that both Milgram and Zimbardo caused great distress to Volunteers in their studies of obedience and conformity to social roles.

毫无疑问，米尔格拉姆和津巴多在对社会角色的服从和顺从的研究中都给志愿者造成了极大的困扰。

The two studies show us, very dramatically, the power of the situation on human behaviour.

这两项研究非常引人注目地告诉我们，情境对人类行为的影响。

Milgram and Zimbardo chose ordinary people, of a sound psychological profile, not sadists and put them into challenging situations. In spite of their distress, or that of others, many volunteers continued in their violent behaviour.

米尔格拉姆和津巴多选择了具有良好心理素质的普通人，而不是虐待狂，并将他们置于具有挑战性的环境中。尽管他们或其他人感到痛苦，许多志愿者仍然继续他们的暴力行为。

Volunteers were deceived and offered money to take part, In itself this is not unusual, deception of some sort is a feature of almost all psychological experiments, and small payments encourage people to take part.

志愿者被欺骗，并被提供金钱来参与，这本身并不罕见，某种欺骗几乎是所有心理学实验的一个特点，而且小额付款鼓励人们参与。

It may be argued that the volunteers were not reminded of their right to withdraw from the experiments at any time, in fact, they were encouraged to keep going, in order to see what happened.

可以说，没有人提醒志愿者他们有权在任何时候退出实验，事实上，他们被鼓励继续下去，以便看看会发生什么。

It is important to remember that neither Milgram nor Zimbardo expected their experiments to have such dramatic effects, although this does not absolve responsibility!

重要的是要记住，米尔格拉姆和津巴多都没有预料到他们的实验会产生如此巨大的效果，尽管这并不能免除责任!

To this end, Milgram consulted psychiatrists before carrying out his experiments - he debriefed and followed people up - even after a year - to make sure they weren't hurt by the experience. Most volunteers said they were pleased that they took part.

为此，米尔格拉姆在进行实验之前咨询了精神病学家--他对人们进行了汇报和跟踪--甚至在一年之后--以确保他们没有被这种经历所伤害。大多数志愿者说他们很高兴参加了这个实验。

Before his prison experiment, Zimbardo used personality tests on volunteers to select stable characters.

在他的监狱实验之前，津巴多对志愿者进行了人格测试，以选择稳定的人物。

Milgram and Zimbardo were very mindful of the state of mind of their volunteers and followed them all up carefully afterwards. Their work has had important implications for the way in which we view cases of blind obedience in real life, for example, the Jim Jones cult suicides and the running of prison systems.

米尔格拉姆和津巴多非常注意他们的志愿者的心理状态，并在事后仔细跟踪他们。他们的工作对我们看待现实生活中盲目服从的案例有重要影响，例如，吉姆-琼斯邪教的自杀事件和监狱系统的运行。