八年级上册期末考知识点(人教版八年级上册期末复习)

一、重点短语go on vacation去度,今天小编就来聊一聊关于八年级上册期末考知识点?接下来我们就一起去研究一下吧!

八年级上册期末考知识点(人教版八年级上册期末复习)

八年级上册期末考知识点

一、重点短语

go on vacation去度

stay at home待在家里

go to the mountains去爬山

go to the beach去海滩

visit museums 参观博物馆

go to summer camp去参观夏令营

quite a few相当多

study for为……而学习

go out出去

most of the time大部分时间

taste good尝起来很好吃

have a good time玩得高兴

of course当然

feel like给……的感觉;感受到

go shopping去购物

in the past在过去

walk around四处走走

because of因为

one bowl of… 一碗……

the next day第二天

drink tea喝茶

find out找出;查明

go on继续

something important一些重要的事

up and down上上下下

come up出来

take photos照相

二、句型集萃

buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物

taste adj. 尝起来……

seem (to be) adj. 看起来……

keep doing sth.继续做某事

arrive in 大地点 / arrive at 小地点 到达某地

tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要)做某事

try doing sth.尝试做某事

try to do sth.尽力去做某事

decide to do sth.决定去做某事

forget doing sth忘记做过某

forget to do sth.忘记做某事

enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事

want to do sth.想去做某事

stop doing sth. 停止做某事

dislke doing sth. 不喜欢做某事

Why not do. sth.?为什么不做……呢?

so adj. that 如此……以至于……

look adj. 看起来……

start doing sth.开始做某事

三、单元重点、难点、考点精讲

(一)Section A

1.Where did you go on vacation?

你去哪里度假了?(P1)

1)这是有疑问副词where引导的特殊疑问句,where用来询问地点和场所,放在句首。

a._____ do you _____ ______?

你从哪里来?

b._____does he______?

他住在哪里?

2)go on vacation意为“去度假”。

I want ____ ____ ____ ____in Hainan this winter.

今年冬天我想去海南度假。

2.visited my uncle 看望了我的叔叔(P1)

visit是及物动词,意为“拜访;探望”,后接表示人的名词或代词。

visit还可以意为“参观;游览”,后接表示地点的名词。

a.I visited my grandmother last week.

上周我去______了我的外婆。

b.Do you want to visit Shanghai?

你想______上海吗?

拓展:visitor意为“参观者;游客”。

3.buy anything special 买特别的东西。(P2)

1)buy及物动词,意为“买;购买”。其过去式为______。

拓展:buy sth. for sb.=buy sb. sth. 意为“给某人买某物”。

My uncle_____ _____a bike.

= My uncle_____ _____for me.

2)anything不定代词,意为“某事;某件东西”,主要用于疑问句或否定句中。

a.Do you want anything from me?

b.I can’t say anything about it.

3) anthing special表示“特别的东西”,形容词修饰不定代词时后置。

a. Is there________ ________in this book?

这本书里有新的内容吗?

4.Oh, did you go anywhere interesting?

哦,你去有趣的地方了吗?(P2)

1)本句是did开头的一般疑问句

2)anywhere用作副词,意为“在任何地方”。

Did you go anywhere during the summer vacation?

辨析:anywhere与somewhere

anywhere意为“在任何地方”,常用于否定句和疑问句中。

I can’t find it anywhere.

somewhere意为“在某处;到某处”,常用于肯定句中。

I lost my key somewhere near here.

5.We took quite a few photos there.我们在那里拍了不少照片。(P2)

take photos 意为“照相;拍照”。

We______ ______on the Great Wall.我们在长城上照了相。

辨析:quite a few与quite a little

quite a few 意为“很多;不少”,修饰可数名词复数;

quite a little 意为“很多;不少”,修饰不可数名词。

a. He stays here for _____ _____ _____days.

b.There is _____ _____ _____water in the bottle(瓶子).

6. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax. 我大部分时间只是待在家里读书休息。(P2)

most of the time意为“大部分时间”,其中most为代词,意为“大部分;大多数”。

拓展:most of…意为“……中的大多数”,它作主语时,谓语动词取决于most of后所修饰的名词。

a. Most of us_____(be)going to the park. 我们大多数人要去公园。

b. Most of the food_____(go)bad. 大部分的食物都变质了。

7.Everything tasted really good!所有的东西尝起来真的很好吃!(P3)

taste在此为系动词,意为“尝起来”,其后接形容词构成系表结构。

a.The food tastes really great.食物尝起来棒极了。

8. Did everyone have a good time?大家都玩得很开心吗?(P3)

have a good time = enjoy oneself

= have fun 玩得开心 ( doing)

We had a good time visiting the the Great Wall.

= We enjoyed ourselves visiting the the Great Wall.

= We had fun visiting the the Great Wall.

9.How did you like it? 你觉得它怎么样?(P3)

How do/did you like……? 意为“你觉得……怎么样?”,用来询问对方的观点或看法,相当于What do you think of……?

How do you like your new job?

= _____ _____ _____ _____ your new job?

10.Did you go shopping? 你们去购物了吗?(P3)

go shopping意为“去购物;去买东西”,同义短语为do some shopping.

I usually go shopping on Sundays.我通常星期天去购物。

拓展:“go doing”形式表示“去做某事”,常用于表达从事某一体育活动或休闲活动。

go skating 去滑冰

go hiking 去远足

go sightseeing 去观光

go fishing 去钓鱼

go swimming 去游泳

go boating 去划船

11.I went to a friend’s farm in the countryside with my family.我和家人一起去了乡下一个朋友的农场。(P3)

a friend’s farm是名词所有格形式。

一般情况下,表示“有生命的人或物”的名词后面加’s,表示所属关系。

The red bike is Alice’s. 那辆红色的自行车是爱丽斯的。

拓展:名词所有格的构成:

1)单数名词词尾加’s ,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加’s

the girl ‘s pen女孩的钢笔

women’s shoes女鞋

on Children’s Day

2)复数名词以s结尾的只加 ’

the students’ reading room学生阅览室

Teachers’ Day教师节

3)如果两个名词并列,并且分别有’s,则表示“分别有”;只后一个名词有一个’s,则表示“共有”:

John’s and Kate’s rooms. 约翰和凯特(各自)的房间。

Lily and Lucy’s father. 莉莉和露西的爸爸(同一个爸爸)。

4)表示无生命的名词一般以...of...构成短语,表示所有关系。

a map of China一幅中国地图

the name of the story那个故事的名字

12. Still no one seemed to be bored. (即使这样)仍然没有人看起来无聊。(P3)

1)seem意为“好像;似乎;看来”。

Everything seems easy.一切似乎很容易。

拓展:a. seem adj. “看起来……”。

You seem happy today.你今天看起来很高兴。

b. seem to do sth. “似乎,好像做某事”。

I seem to have a cold.我似乎感冒了。

c. It seems/seemed 从句 “看起来好像…;似乎…”。

It seems that no one believes you.

看起来好像没有人相信你。

2)辨析:bored与boring

a. bored意为“厌烦的;感到无聊的”,一般在句中修饰人。

b. boring意为“无聊的;令人厌烦的”,一般在句中修饰事或物。

a. I’m ______with what he said.我对他说的话厌烦极了。

b. I find the story very_______.我发现这个故事太无聊了。

(二)Section B

1. What activities do you find enjoyable? 你发现什么活动让人快乐?(P5)

1)activities是activity的复数形式,意为“活动”。

Students like outdoor activities.

2)enjoyable形容词,意为“愉快的;快乐的”。

I’m sure we will have an enjoyable vacation.

我确信我们将会有一个愉快的假期。

2. I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. 今天早上我和家人到达了马来西亚的槟城。(P5)

arrive不及物动词,意为“到达”。arrive in表示到达较大的地方,如国家、省、市等;arrive at表示到达较小的地方,如机场、商店、广场、村庄等。(注:地点副词home,here,there前介词省略)

辨析:arrive in 大地点 / arrive at 小地点

get to 地点

reach 地点

I _____ (到达) school at 8:00 o’clock yesterday.

3. …so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel… 因此我们决定到旅馆附近的海滩上去。(P5)

decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”。

They _____ ______ ______the museum.他们决定去参观博物馆。

拓展:decide后常跟“疑问词 动词不定式”做宾语。

He can’t decide when ______ ______(leave) 他不能决定何时动身。

4. My sister and I tried paragliding.姐姐和我尝试了滑翔伞运动。(P5)

try此处用作及物动词,其后常接名词、动名词或不定式,意为“尝试;试图,设法;努力”

She is trying my bicycle.她正在试骑我的自行车。

拓展:try也可用作名词,意为“尝试”,常用短语“have a try”,意为“试一试”。

I want to have a try.我想试一试。

辨析:try doing sth. / try to do sth.

1)try doing sth. 尝试做某事,表示一种尝试、做做看的想法,不一定付出很多努力。

2)try to do sth.尽力、设法去做某事,表示想尽一切办法要把事情办成,强调付出努力设法去完成。

a. I ______ ______ him, but no one answered.

我试着给他打电话了,但没有人接听。

b. I’m ______ ______ ______ English well.

我正尽力把英语学好。

5. I felt like I was a bird. It was so exciting! 我感觉自己就像一只小鸟。太刺激了!(P5)

1)feel like意为“给……的感觉;感受到”。其后常接从句。

He feels like he is swimming. 他感觉像在游泳一样。

拓展:feel like还可意为“想要……”,其后可接名词、代词或动名词。即:

feel like sth. 想要某物

feel like doing sth. 想要做某事

Do you feel like a cup of tea now?

你现在想要一杯茶吗?

Do you feel like ______ (take) a walk in the park with me?

你想跟我在公园散步吗?

2)辨析:exciting与excited

exciting 意为“令人兴奋的,使人激动的”, 一般修饰某物。

excited 意为“感到兴奋的,激动的”, 一般修饰某人。

The story is_________(exciting, excited) .

b.He told me the_______(exciting, excited)news.

c.Sarah was_______(exciting, excited)to see the singer.

6. There are a lot of new buildings now…现在有许多新的建筑物……(P5)

building 可数名词,意为“建筑物;楼房”。

build 动词,“建造,建筑” (built,built),

7. I wonder what life was like here in the past. 我想知道在这儿过去的生活是什么样的。(P5)

wonder此处是及物动词,意为“想知道;琢磨”。其后常接who, what, why等疑问词引导的宾语从句。

1.I wonder _______________. 我想知道那个男孩是谁。

A. the boy is who B. who the boy is

2. I wonder what they were doing here.

我想知道他去哪里了。

8.I really enjoyed walking around the town. 我真的很喜欢在镇上到处走走。(P5)

1)enjoy及物动词,意为“喜爱;欣赏;享受……的乐趣”,其后接名词,代词或动名词作宾语。

a. Do you enjoy your job? 你喜欢你的工作吗?

b. I enjoy reading books. 我喜欢读书。(enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事)

拓展:

enjoy oneself

=have a good time

= have fun 玩得开心 ( doing sth.)

2)walk around 意为“四处走走”。

He’s just walking around the village.他只是在村庄里随便走走。

9. What a difference a day makes! 一天的变化有多大呀!(P5)

difference可数名词,意为“差别,差异” ;其形容词形式为different,意为“不同的;有差异的”。

a. What is the difference between this book and that book?

b. My schoolbag is different from yours. ( be different from 意为“与……不同”)

10. We wanted to walk up to the top , but then it started raining a little so we decided to take the train.(P5)

1)want to do sth. 意为“想要做某事”。

2)start doing sth. 意为“开始做某事”,同义短语:start to do sth.

Tom started learning English last year.

3)a little 意为“一点儿”,在句中修饰动词、形容词或副词。也可以修饰不可数名词。

a. I can draw a little, but only as a hobby.

b. It’s a little cold outside.

c. He can speak a little English.

4) take the train意为“乘火车”,take在此意为“乘坐”。

11.We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people. 因为人太多,所以我们等了一个多小时的火车。(P5)

1)wait for意为“等候”,其后可接人或物。

Tom was waiting for a bus over there.

2)over介词,意为“多于;超过” ,相当于more than。

My father is over 40 years old.

There are over eight hundred students in our school.

3) too many意为“太多”,其后接可数名词复数。He always has too many questions to ask me.

辨析:

too many 可数名词复数,意为“太多... ”

too much 不可数名词 ,意为“太多... ”

much too 形容词, 意为“太... ”

I have ___ ___ homework to do today.

12.And because of the bad weather, we couldn’t see anything below.而且因为坏天气,我们也没能看到下面的任何景色(P5)

辨析:because of与because

a. because of意为“因为,由于”,后可接名词、代词或动名词,不能接句子。

He lost his job because of his age.

b. because意为“因为”,引导状语从句,即接句子。

I didn’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.

13. My father didn’t bring enough money… 我爸爸没带足够的钱……(P5)

1)辨析:bring与take

bring意为“带来;拿来”, 指从别处带到说话者所在地。

take意为“拿走;带走”, 指从说话者所在地带到别处去。

2)enough 意为“足够的,充分的”

1.用来修饰形容词或副词,一般置于被修饰词之后。

2.用来修饰名词时可放在形容词前面或后面。

a. We have enough time to do our homework.

b. The box is big enough.

14. …because we forgot to bring an umbrella… 因为我们忘了带雨伞。(P6)

辨析:forget to do sth.与forget doing sth.

forget to do sth. 意为“忘记要做某事(事情还没做)”

Don’t forget to close the window.

forget doing sth. 意为“忘记做过某事(事情已经做过了)”

I forget closing the window.

15. About one hour later, we stopped and drank some tea. 大约一小时后,我们停下来喝了些茶。(P6)

1)one hour later 一小时后 ; 一小时前__________________

2)stop动词,意为“停止;中断”,过去式_________,现在分词__________;

3)drink及物动词,意为“喝;饮”;还可以作名词,意为“饮料”。

16. Did you dislike anything? 你不喜欢什么东西吗?(P7)

dislike意为“不喜欢;厌恶”,其后可接名词、代词或动名词形式作宾语。

a. Mary ______ the hamburgers.

玛丽不喜欢汉堡包。

b. I _____ ______ computer

我不喜欢玩电脑游戏。

17. Why not? 为什么不带呀?(P8)

why not意为“为什么不呢”,一般用在疑问句中,表示提建议;why not后面需跟动词原形。

注:“Why not 动词原形?” 相当于“Why don’t you 动词原形?”

a. Why not go to the party with me?

=Why don’t you go to the party with me?

为什么不和我一起去参加聚会呢?

b._____ _____ take a walk?

= _____ ______ _____ take a walk?

为什么不去散步呢?

18.Everyone in our class took a bag with some food and water. 我们班上的每一个人都随身带了装有食物和水

的提袋。(P8)

with介词,意为“具有;带有”。此处介词短语with some food and water作bag的后置定语。

拓展:with作介词时的其他用法:

a.“和……一起’

I often go to school ______ my friend.

我经常和朋友们一起去上学。

b. 以(手段、材料),用(工具),

Cut the apple with a knife.

用刀切苹果。

19. My legs were so tired that I wanted to stop. 我的双腿太累了以至于我都想停下来。(P8)

so…that… / such…that…(如此…以致)引导的结果状语从句

so adj./adv. that…

1. He is ____a lovely boy____we love him very much.

A.very, that B.too, to C.as, as D.such, that

2. The little boy is so young that he can’t go to school. _________

20. 常用的感叹句的结构:

1)What adj. 复数名词 / 不可数名词 主语 谓语!

2)What a/an adj. 可数名词单数 主语 谓语!

3)How adj. a/an 可数名词单数 主语 谓语!

4)How adj./adv. 主语 谓语!

1.What an interesting book it is!

= How interesting a book is! 那本书多么有趣啊!

2.____ a clever girl she is!

A.Who B.What C.How D.Where

3. _____clever a girl she is!

A.Who B.What C.How D.Where

4._____important jobs they have done!

A.What B.Who C.How D.Where

5._____sweet water it is!

A.Who B.What C.Where D. How

6._____interesting the dog is!

A.Who B.What C. Where D. How

21. My classmates told me to keep going, so I went on. 我的同学告诉我坚持往前走,因此我便继续前进了(P8)

1)tell sb. (not)to do sth. 意为“告诉某人(不要)做某事。

The teacher ______ ______ ______ ______ the window just now.

老师刚才告诉我们擦窗户。

2)keep doing sth. 意为“继续做某事,一直做某事”。

She______ ______ TV for two hours last night.

昨晚她持续看了两个小时的电视。

22. Everyone jumped up and down in excitement. 大家都兴奋地跳起来。(P8)

up and down 意为“上上下下;来来回回”,在句中作状语。

They looked me ______ ______ ______. 他们上上下下打量我。

He walks______ ______ ______ in the room. 他在房间里来回走动

Unit 2 How often do you exercise?

一、构词法

1.名词加y构成形容词。

sun(太阳) → sunny (阳光灿烂的)

rain(雨水) → rainy (多雨的)

wind(风) → windy (多风的,风大的)

cloud(云) → cloudy (多云的,阴天的)

snow(雪)→ snowy (多雪的)

sun(太阳)→ sunny (多阳光的,明朗的)

luck(运气)→ lucky (幸运的)

noise(嘈杂声) → noisy (嘈杂的,喧闹的)

health(健康) → healthy (健康的)

2.名词加-ful构成形容词。

use(使用) →useful (有用的,有益的。不去e)

awe (敬畏) →awful(使人敬畏的 讨厌的,可怕的。去掉e)

beauty (美丽) →beautiful (美丽的) [特别提醒:别忘了把-y变成-i,再加-ful]

care (关心,小心) →careful (小心的,仔细的)

3.名词加-ly构成形容词。

friend (朋友) →friendly (友好的)

love (爱) →lovely (可爱的)

month (月份) →monthly (每月的)

live (生活,居住) →lively (充满生气的)

day (天) →daily (每日的)

4.动词加ing构成形容词:

relax放松—relaxing令人愉快的

bore令人厌恶—boring令人厌恶的

interest吸引—interesting令人感兴趣的

5.动词加ed构成形容词:

crowd拥挤—crowded 拥挤的

relax轻松—relaxed轻松的 舒畅的

interest吸引—interested感兴趣的

bore很厌恶—bored疲倦的

二、短语归纳

① help with housework 帮助做家务活

② go shopping 购物

③ on weekends 在周末

④ how often 多久一次

⑤ hardly ever几乎不

⑥ once a week 每周一次

⑦ twice a month每月二次

⑧ go to the movies去看电影

⑨ every day 每天

⑩ use the Internet上网/用网

11 be free有空

12 have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈钢琴课

13 swing dance摇摆舞

14 play tennis 打网球

15 stay up late 熬夜

16 at least至少

17 go to bed early 早睡

18 play sports 锻炼身体

19 be good for 对…有好处

20 go camping去野营

21 in one’s free time 在某人的空闲时间

22 not….at all 根本不

23 the most popular 最流行

24 such as例如

25 go to the dentist去看牙医

26 more than 超过/多于

27 Old habits die hard.旧习惯难改

28 hard=difficult 困难的

29 less than 少于/不到

三、典句必背

①—What do you usually do on weekends?

你周末通常做什么?

—I always exercise.

总是锻炼身体。

②—What do they do on weekends?

他们周末干什么?

—They often help with housework.

他们经常帮助干家务活。

③—What does she do on weekends?

她周末干什么?

—She sometimes goes shopping.

她有时购物。

④—How often do you go to the movies?

你多久看电影一次?

⑤—I go to the movies maybe once a month.

可能一个月看一次。

⑥—How often does he watch TV?

他多久看电视一次?

—He hardly ever watches TV.

他几乎不看电视。

⑦ —Do you go shopping?

你购物吗?

—No, I never go shopping.

不,我从来就不购物。

四、用法集萃

(1)How often do you watch TV? 你多久看一次

how often意为“多长时间一次 ,每隔多久”,是对句中的often, usually,every day, sometimes, never, once a week等表示频率的词或短语提问,多用于一般现在时。

—How often do you go to see a film? 你多久看一次电影?

—Once a week. 一周一次。

(2)Oh, I have to play tennis with my friends. 哦,我必须和我的朋友们一起打网球。

have to意为“必须,不得不”,强调受客观条件的影响而“不得不去做某事”。它有人称、数和时态的变化,在变为疑问句或否定句时要借助助动词do, does或did。

Does she have to go home now?

现在她必须回家吗?

We had t walk to shoo yesterday.

昨天我们不得不步行去了学校。

(have to强调客观需要,must表示主观愿望和看法。)

(3)They often help with housework. 他们经常帮忙做家务。

help with意为“在某方面帮助”,是固定短语,也可写作help sb. with sth. 表示“在某方面帮助某人”

拓展:help相关短语

help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事

help oneself to sth. 自用(食物等)

help sb. out 帮助某人克服困难

help sb. into/out of 搀扶某人进人/走出

can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事

with the help of 在....的帮助下

(4)But my mother wants me to drink it. 但是我妈妈想要我喝它(牛奶)。

want sb. to do sth. 属于“动词 宾语 宾补”的固定结构。

She wanted me to read it again.

她想要我再读一遍。

(5)She says it’s good for my health. 她说那对我的健康有好处。

句中的it’s good for my health作says的宾语;it 指上文所说的“喝牛奶”

拓展:与good相关短语

be good for 对...有好处

Eating fruit is good for our health. 吃水果对我们的健康有好处

be good to 对...友好

He is good to me. 他对我很友好

be good with 善于应付...的;对...有办法

He is good with difficulty. 他善于应付困难

be good at 对...擅长

You’re good at telling stories. 你很擅长讲故事

(6)Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular.

虽然许多学生喜欢看体育节目,但游戏类节目是最受欢迎的。

Although作连词,意为“虽然,尽管”,用于引导让步状语从句,语气比较强,可放于句首或句中,有时可与though 互换。

Although he was tired, he went on working.

尽管他很累,他仍然继续工作。

He often helps me with my English although/though he is quite busy.

尽管他相当忙,但他常常帮我学英语。

although/ though引导的让步状语从句不能与but连用,但可以与yet, still连用。

(7)It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise.

通过上网或观看游戏类节目放松是有好处的,但我们认为,放松的最好方法是通过锻炼。

句型“It is/was adj (for sb.) to do sth.”中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式短语to do sth.。该句型的意思是:“(对某人来说)做某事是.....的”

It’s adj. for sb. to do sth. 该句式常用于表示事物的特征、特点。形容词常为表示客观情况的形容词,如:

easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等

It’s very hard for him to learn two languages.

对他来说学两种语言是很难的。

It's adj. of sb. to do sth.该句式常用于表示人物的性格、品德。形容词常为表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如:

good, kind, nice, clever, foolish等

It’s very nice of you to help me.

你来帮助我,你真是太好了。

四、语法聚焦

频度副词:表示动作频率的副词

辨析:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never

频率由高到低

always 一直;总是

The sun always rises in the east and sets in the west.

太阳总是东升西落

usually 通常

I usually ask my father for help.

我通常会向我爸爸求助

often 经常

It often rains here in April.

这儿四月份常下雨

sometimes有时;不时

I sometimes wait for him at the school gate.

我有时在学校大门口等他

seldom/hardly/hardly/ever 很少;几乎不

I don’t like swimming, so I seldom go swimming.

我不喜欢游泳,所以我很少去游泳

never 从不;从来没有

I never tell lies. 我从不说谎

六、考点点拔

考点一:once “一次”用once,“两次”用twice,从“三次”起用“基数词 times”表示,如three times“三次”。

考点二:health 名词,意为“健康;健康状况”。

be in good/poor/bad health 身体好/不好

healthy形容词,意为“健康的”。

Keep healthy 保持健康

healthily副词,意为“健康地”。

unhealthy adj. 不健康的;不益于健康的

考点三:mind 名词,意为“头脑;心智”。

change one’s mind 改变主意

Keep.......in mind 牢记

make up one’s mind下决心

mind 还可作动词,介意;反对, 后跟动词时,要用-ing形式。

考点四:full 形容词,意为“忙的”。近义词busy

意为“满的;充满的”,其常用搭配为be full of“充满……”。

意为“吃饱了的”。反义词 hungry

考点五:although可以和though互换使用。如果用了although,则不能再用but

考点六:at least 意为“至少”。at most至多

考点七:

help (sb.) with sth. 意为“在某方面帮助 (某人)”。help sb. (to) do sth.可互换使用。

Help to do sth 帮忙做某事

help oneself to… 请随便吃/喝•••

Please help yourself to some cakes.

can’t help doing sth 情不自禁做某事

I can’t help falling in love with that girl.

我情不自禁爱上那个女孩。

考点八:spend

"spend 一段时间 with sb.”,表示“和某人待了多长时间”。

spend...on sth. 在某物某事上花费时间/金钱

spend... in doing sth 花费时间/金钱做某事

考点九:through意为“以;凭借”,相当于by。还可意为“穿过”。

考点十:maybe VS may be

Maybe 放句首 VS may be 放句中

Maybe he is a teacher .

=He __________ ___________ a teacher .(may be)

考点十一:辨析:sometimes, some times, sometime, some time

sometimes有时候,相当于at times

some times几次,time作可数名词时,可作“次数”讲,表示“时间”时,是不可数名词。

sometime某个时候,可指过去或将来的某个时候。

some time一段时间,常与for连用,对它提问用how long

口诀记忆:分开“一段时间”;相聚“某个时候”

考点十二:such as / for example 举例

such as用来列举同一类人或事物中的几个,不用逗号与所列举的人或事物分开;

for example,它用来列举同一类人或事物中的一个;与列举的事物要用逗号隔开。

考点十三:die v.(died; dying)消失;死亡;灭亡 dead adj.死亡的 death n.死亡

die away逐渐变弱,慢慢消失

die down 慢慢平息

die out灭绝

考点十四:区别how often ,how long 及how soon

(1) how often 多久一次,频率提问,答语通常是always; usually ; often ; sometimes; hardly ever; never, once a day等表示频率的副词或短语。常用于一般现在时或一般过去时中。

----How often do you go to the movies?

----Once a week.

(2) how long 多长时间,是对一段时间提问,其答语通常是for 时间段,可用于各种时态。

----- How long do you stay in Beijing every year?

----- For three weeks.

(3) how soon 多久,指某一动作要多长时间以后才能完成或发生。其答语通常是“in 一段时间”,常用于一般将来时。

----- How soon will finish the work?

-----In half an hour.

考点十五:exercise vt. “锻炼、运动”。

How often do you exercise?

Exercise ______ me keep healthy. (makes)

运动使我保持健康。

exercise作为"体育锻炼"解释时为不可数名词;exercise 作为"练习;习题"解释时, 为可数名词。

1. Let us take ___________ everyday. 让我们每天锻炼。(exercise)

2. We do English ____________ to help us learn English well. 我们做英语练习以便学好英语。(exercises)

考点十六:be good for 意为“对……有益”。反义词为be bad for “对……有害”。

Vegetables are good for you. 蔬菜对你有好处。

be good at“在…方面擅长”, at后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式,同义短语为do well in。

She is good at English and Chinese.

= She does well in English and Chinese. 她擅长英语和汉语。

I am good at __________________(play)basketball. (playing)

考点十七:百分数由percent来表示,构成:基数词 percent ,常用“数词+percent of+名词”

这一结构作主语时,谓语的单复数要看percent of 后跟的名词

Thirty percent of the students ______ ( like) watching game shows. (like)

70 percent of water _______ ( be ) salty water(盐水)。(is)

考点十八:It’s adj (for sb.) to do sth. 意为 “(对某人来说)做某事是……的”。

It’s very important to listen carefully in class.

上课认真听讲很重要。

It’s easy for us to swim.

对我们来说游泳很容易。

人教版八年级上Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister. 重点短语句子、语法和单元写作。

一、重点短语

1. more outgoing 更外向

2. as…as… 与……一样 ……

3. the singing competition 唱歌比赛

4. be similar to 与……相像的 /类似的

5. the same as 和……相同;与 ……一致

6. be different from 与……不同

7. care about 关心;介意

8. be like a mirror 像一面镜子

9. the most important 最重要的

10. as long as 只要;既然

11. bring out 使显现;使表现出

12. get better grades 取得更好的成绩

13. reach for 伸手取

14. in fact 事实上;实际上

15. make friends 交朋友

16. the other 其他的

17. touch one ’s heart 感动某人

18. be talented in music 有音乐天赋

19. be good at 擅长……

20. be good with 善于与 ……相处

21. have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣

22. be good at doing sth 擅长做某事

23. make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事

24. want to do sth. 想要做某事

二.重点句型

1. Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom. 萨姆和汤姆都会打鼓,但是萨姆比汤姆打得要好一些。

both:

(1) 表示“两者都 ”, both 用在含有 be动词的句中,应放在 be 动词的后面;用在含有行为动词的句中,应放在行为动词的前面。

(2) both …and…表示“两者都 ”,both...and在句中连接并列成分,如主语、谓语、表语、宾语等, 位置比较灵活。

Both New York and London have traffic problems. (连接主语 )

The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.( 连接谓语 )

2. Tara works as hard as Tina. 塔拉学习和蒂娜一样努力。

as...as意为 “与……一样……” ,as...as中间接形容词或副词的原级。

He is as tall as his father.

他和他爸爸一样高。

Tom gets up as early as Jim.

汤姆起得和吉姆一样早。

注意:

(1) 其否定式为 not as/so adj./adv. as。

Lucy isn’t as outgoing as Mary.

露西不如玛丽外向。

This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think.

(2) 若有修饰成分, 如 twice, three times, half, a quarter等,则须置于第一个 as之前。

Your bag is twice as expensive as mine.

你的包比我的贵一倍。

3. You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though. 不过,你能看得出来,丽萨确实想赢。

win 此处用作不及物动词,意为 “赢;获胜 ”。

win 还可用作及物动词,意为 “赢得;在……中获胜 ”,此时其后的宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战 争等。

He won the first prize.

Who won the race?

辨析:win 与 beat

① win 表示“赢得;获胜 ”,用作及物动词时,其宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。

We won the basketball game.

② beat表示“打赢;战胜 ”,用于比赛时,其宾语为所战胜的对手。

Li Lei beat all the runners in the 100-metre race.

(2) though此处作副词,意为 “不过;可是;然而 ”,通常用于句末,前面用逗号与句子隔开。

Jim said that he would come; he didn’t, though.

拓展:though作连词,意为 “虽然;尽管 ”,相当于 although。

Though he has no money, he lives very happily.

注意:although/though与 but 不能同时出现在一个句子中。

Though he has no money, he lives very happily.

=He has no money, but he lives very happily.

4. But the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun. 但是最重要的是学到一些新东西并获得乐趣。

(1) the most important意为“最重要的 ”,是 important 的最高级形式。important 的比较级为 more important,形容词的最高级形式前必须有定冠词 the。

I think English is the most important of all the subjects.

The most important thing is to work hard.

(2) have fun意为“获得乐趣;玩得高兴 ”。

It ’s a good place to have fun.

拓展:have fun doing sth.意为“做某事很有趣 ”。

Did you have fun visiting that country?

5. I think a good friend makes me laugh. 我认为好朋友会让我发笑。

(1) make sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事 ”

His father always makes him get up before five o ’clock.

拓展:make 的用法:

① make加名词

make food 做饭

make the bed 铺床

make money 赚钱

② make sb./sth. adj. 使某人感到 ……;使……处于某种状态

The soft music makes Tina sleepy.

③ make sb./sth. n. 使某人成为 ……

The party made her a good teacher.

④ make sb./sth. 过去分词 让某人被 ……

I made myself understood by all the students.

⑤ make sb./sth. do sth. 使某人做某事 (不能带不定式符号 to)

Wars make the peace go away.

注意:当 make用于被动语态时,必须带不定式符号 to.

We were made to work all night.

I was made to repeat the story.

(2) 辨析:laugh与 smile

① laugh一般表示 “出声地 (大)笑”,不但有面部表情,而且还有声音。

laugh at...意为“嘲笑……;因……而发笑 ”。

Don ’t laugh when you have a meal.

② smile一般表示 “无声地微笑 ”,指的是面部表情。

smile at...意为“向……微笑”。

He smiled at me.

6. Yes, and a good friend is talented in music, too.

talented为形容词,意为 “有才能的,有才干的 ”,其比较级形式为 more talented。be talented in为固定搭配,表示 “在……方面有天赋 ”。

She is a talented musician.

她是一名天才音乐家。

The boy is talented in dancing.

这个男孩很有舞蹈天赋。

7. I ’m quieter and more serious than most kids. 我比大多数的孩子更文静更稳重。

serious为形容词,意为 “严肃的;稳重的 ”。

My math teacher is very serious in class.

拓展:

① nothing serious意为 “没有什么严重的 ”。

② be serious about... 意为“对……认真”。

Is she serious about giving up her job?

8. That ’s why I like reading books and studying harder in class. 那就是我在课堂上喜欢读书、学习更刻苦的原因。

That’s why... 意为“那就是 ……的原因 ”,why 引导的句子作表语,是表语从句。

That ’s why I don ’t want to leave here. I got up late, and that ’s why I missed the bus.

9. I ’m shy so it ’s not easy for me to make friends. 我很腼腆。因此对我来说交朋友不是很容易。

“It ’s 形容词 for sb. to do sth.” 是固定结构,意为“做某事对某人来说是 ……的”。结构中的 it 是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。 句中的形容词为描述事物特征的词, 如 difficult,easy, hard,important,dangerous,necessary,possible等。

It ’s very important for us to eat a lot of vegetables every day.

It ’s dangerous for a child to stay at home alone.

10.But I think friends are like books—you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good.但是我认为朋友就像书一样 ——你不需要很多。只要它们好就行。

as long as意为“只要;既然 ”,引导条件状语从句,主句为一般将来时或含有情态动词 can时,所引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。

You can leave here as long as you tell the truth.

You will get good grades as long as you work hard.

11. However, Larry often helps to bring out the best in me. 然而,拉里经常帮助我表现出最好的 一面。

bring out 意为“使显现;使表现出 ”。

I want to bring out the meaning of the poem.

我想阐明一下这首诗的意义。

拓展:

① bring out 还意为 “出版;生产 ”。

The company is bringing out a new sports car.

② bring out the best/worst in sb. 把某人最好 /最坏的一面展现出来

Please tell me how to bring out the best in me.

12. I don ’t really care if my friends are the same as me or different. 我真的不介意我的朋友是与我一样还是不同。

if 作连词,意为 “是否”,引导宾语从句,常用于 ask,know,wonder,find out 等动词 (短语)之后。

I don ’t know if he is at home.

He asks me if I like music.

14. A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 真正的朋友是一个可以援手帮助 并感动你心扉的人。

(1) reach for sth.意为“伸手取某物 ”,reach此处作不及物动词,意为 “伸手 ”。

He reaches for the box, but he is too short.

拓展:reach作及物动词,意为 “到达;抵达 ”。

When will you reach Beijing?

辨析:reach, get to与 arrive

① reach为及物动词,后面直接接宾语。

They reached Hangzhou yesterday.

② get to后接地点名词,如果接

there,here或 home等地点副词, to 必须省略。

How did you get to the station?

③ arrive 为不及物动词,后接地点名词时必须加介词 at 或 in。到达国家、城市等大的地方用 in;到达学校、商店等小的地方用 at。接 there,here或 home等地点副词时不用介词 in 或 at。

I arrived at the company three hours ago.

They arrived in Hangzhou yesterday.

(2) touch及物动词,意为“感动;触摸”。

The sad story touched us.

He touched his son’s head lightly.

三.语法讲解 - 形容词与副词的比较级

1.规则变化

单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级。

tall(高的)- taller - tallest

以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st。

nice(好的) - nicer - nicest

以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est。

big(大的) - bigger - biggest

“以辅音字母 y”结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est。

easy(容易的) - easier - easiest

少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er,-est。

clever(聪明的)- cleverer - cleverest

其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级

important(重要的)- more important - most important

2.不规则变化

good(好的)well(健康的) better best

bad(坏的)ill(有病的) worse worst

old(老的) older/elder oldest/eldest

much/many(多的) more most

little(少的) less least

far(远的) farther/further farthest/furthest

3.比较级基本句型:(把A和B进行比较,than是比较级的标志)

(1)A be动词 形容词比较级 than B

Tina is taller than Tara.

缇娜比塔拉更高。

I’m more outgoing than my sister.

我比我妹妹更加外向。

(2)A 谓语动词 副词比较级 than B

She sings more loudly than Tara.

她比塔拉唱得更大声。

She can run faster and jump higher than me.

她比我跑得快,跳得高。

She works harder than me.

她比我工作更努力。

She always gets up earlier than me.

她总是比我起得早。

Lisa sang better than Nelly.

丽萨比內莉唱得更好。

(3) as adj./adv.(原级) as … “和…一样…”

否定:… not as/so adj./adv.(原级) as …

“不如……那样……”

I work as hard as Tina.

我和缇娜工作一样努力。

You are not as friendly as your sister.

你不如你妹妹那样友好。

= Your sister is more friendly than you.

你妹妹比你友好。

= You are less friendly than your sister.

【注意】

对比对象保持一致。

Her hair is longer than yours.(→your hair)

= She has longer hair than you. 她的头发比你的常。

原级常与very,so, too, quite,pretty, really等连用。

比较级常与much, a lot ,a little, a bit等连用.

much more beautiful漂亮得多

a little more beautiful漂亮一点点

4.比较级的特殊句型

(1)比较级+and+比较级:越来越……

Our life will be better and better.

我们的生活将会变得越来越好。

It is getting more and more popular to eat birthday cakes.

吃蛋糕正变得越来越流行。

(2)The 比较级…, the+比较级…:越…就越…

The harder you study , the better grades you will get.

你越努力学习,你就能得到越好的成绩。

The more , the better .

越多越好。

(3)Who / Which be 比较级 , A or B ?

Who is taller,Tom or John?

汤姆和约翰,谁更高?

Which is easier, English or Chinese?

哪个更容易,英语还是汉语?

四、单元写作

(本单元学习形容词和副词的比较级,写作的话题主要围绕对两个人进行比较)

请根据问题提示写一篇70词左右的英语短文,向大家介绍一下你对交朋友的看法。提示问题:

1. 你对朋友的看法是什么?

2. 你和你最好的朋友有哪些相同和不同之处?

3. 你认为朋友之间应该怎样相处?

【参考范文】

One possible version:

I don’t think it’s necessary for friends to be the same.

My best friend is Linda. We are classmates. In some ways we are the same, but in some ways , she is very different from me. She is much quieter and taller than me. She always has long hair but I like short hair. I’m good at math but Linda does well in English and Chinese. She is better at singing and dancing. Her hobbies are similar to mine. We both like reading. We both like playing tennis, too. We often get good grades in class. We like to do our homework together after school and we always help each other.

As friends, I think we should help and truly care about each other. We can also share happiness and sadness with each other.

人教版新目标英语八年级上册Unit 4 What’s the best movie theater?知识点汇总。

一、短语归纳

1.so far 到目前为止,迄今为止

2.no problem 没什么,别客气

3.have ... in common 有相同特征(想法、兴趣等方面)相同

4.be up to由…决定/是…的职责

5.all kinds of ... 各种各样的......

6.play a role 发挥作用,有影响

7.make up 编造(故事、谎言等)

8.for example=eg 例如,

9.take ... seriously 认真对待

10.not everybody并不是每个人

11.close to 离......近

12.more and more 越来越......

13.watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做某事

watch sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事

14.talent show 才艺表演

15.around the world 世界各地,全世界

16e true (梦想、希望)实现,达到

17.make up 编造(故事、谎言等)

18.take ... seriously 认真对待......,重视......

二、典句必背

①Can I ask you some questions?

我能问你一些问题吗?

②It has the most comfortable seats.

它有最舒服的座位。

③How do you like it so far?

到目前为止你认为它怎么样?

④Which is the worst clothes store in town?

城镇里最差的服装店是哪一家?

⑤Everyone is good at something.

每个人都各有所长。

⑥It’s always interesting to watch other people show their talents.

观看别人展示他们的天赋总是很有趣。

⑦All these shows have one thing in common.

所有这些节目有一个共同之处。

⑧That’s up to you to decide.

这由你来决定。

三、用法集萃

(1)It’s the closest to home.它离家最近。

close作形容词时,意为“(空间时间上)近的”,常构成固定搭配be close to,意为“离...近”。

The supermarket is close to my house.

超市离我家很近。

【拓展】close作形容词时,还可意为“(关系)密切的,亲密的”。

She is a close friend of theirs.

她是他们的挚友。

close还可用作及物动词,意为“关,关闭”,常指关闭门、窗等。

Please close the window before leaving the office.

离开办公室前请将窗户关上。

(2)Can I ask you some questions?我可以问你一些问题吗?

some的用法:

在通常情况下,some用于肯定句,而在否定句和疑问句中则改用any。

There are some letters for you.

有一些信是你的。

Are there any letters for me?

有我的信吗?

但是,在表示请求或建议的疑问句中,希望得到肯定回答时,通常要用some而不用any。

May I have some paper?

我可以拿些纸吗?

Can you lend me some money?

你能借点钱给我吗?

(3)How do you like it so far? 到目前为止,你觉得它怎么样?

far表示“到目前为止;至今”( =until now),强调动作一直持续到现在,谓语动词常用现在完成时。

So far they have not found a way to fight the virus.

迄今为止,他们还没有找到一种对抗该病毒的方法。

(4)What do you think of 970AM? 你认为调幅970兆赫(电台)怎么样?

“What do you think of ...”与“How do you like ...?”同义,意为“你认为..... 怎么样?” 这是询问对方对某人/物看法的常用句型,答语往往是对某人/物的评价。

What do think of sth.?

=What do you think about sth.?

你认为某事(物)怎么样?

【拓展】 think短语

think of 想起,想出

think over 仔细考虑

think about 考虑

Think it over and you’ll find a way.

仔细考虑,你会有办法的。

I’m thinking about buying a car.

我正在考虑买辆车。

(5)How far is it from your home? 从你家(到这里)有多远?

how far意思是“多远”,主要对距离提问。

—How far is it from Beijing to Guangzhou?

从北京到广州有多远?

—It’s about 2000 kilometers.

大约两千千米。

【拓展】how long“多久”,用于对一段时间提问。

—How long did he stay here? 他在这儿待了多久?

—About two hours. 大约两个小时。

how often “每隔多久”,主要用来对频度副词或状语提问。

—How often does he come here?

他(每隔)多久来这里一次?

—Once a month.

每月一次。

how soon“再过多久”,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间提问。

—How soon will he be back?

他要多久才回来?

—In an hour.

1小时以后。

(6)Talent shows are getting more and more popular. 才艺展示越来越受欢迎。

more and more popular意为“越来越受欢迎”。

“比较级 and 比较级”表示“越来越...”,当形容词为多音节单词时,应用“more and more 形容词”的结构。

The weather gets warmer and warmer.

天气变得越来越暖和。

Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.

我们的学校正变得越来越漂亮。

【拓展】

“the 比较级,the 比较级”表示“越...,越...”。

The more you practise, the better you will speak English.

你练得越多,你英语就会讲得越好。

(7)Now, there are similar shows around the world, such as China’s Got Talent. 现在,世界各地也有类似的节目,比如中国达人秀。

辨析:look like, take after, be similar to

look like 表示“看起来...”主要指“外观上像”,常用来描述外貌。

You look like your father.

你看起来像你爸爸。

take after 意为“长得像,行为、性格等像”,尤其是像自己的长辈,可解释为be similar to。

Mary really takes after her mother.

玛丽的确长得像她的妈妈。

be similar to 用法广泛,一般用在相近的物品或情境的对比上。

My pen is similar to yours.

我的钢笔和你的相似。

辨析:for example, such as

for example 只以同类人或物中的“一个”为例,作插入语,用逗号隔开,可置于句首、句中、句末。

Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution.

例如,噪声就是一种污染。

such as 常列举同类人或物中的几个例子,不能穷尽,可和and so on连用。

I have many hobbies such as reading, dancing and singing.

我有很多爱好,比如读书、跳舞和唱歌。

(8)All these shows have one thing in common...所有的这些节目都有一个共同点...

have...in common“有相同特征;(想法、兴趣等方面)相同”

have nothing in common“没有共同点”

The two sisters have nothing in common.

这两姐妹没有什么共同之处。

(9)That’s up to you to decide.那由你来决定。

be up to意为“是...的职责,由....决定”。

在英语中be up to有很多种用法:

be up to sb. 表示“胜任, 适于(做某事)”,后面接名词、代词或动名词等。

He is not really up to seeing any visitors.

他真的不适合见任何访问者。

be up to sb. 由某人决定

Whether we will go to the park is up to your brother.

我们是否去公园由你哥哥决定。

It is up to sb. to do sth.应由某人做某事,it作形式主语。

It is up to me to get the four of us moving.

该由我来召集我们四个人动起来。

(10)When people watch the show, they usually play a role in deciding the winner. 人们看这样的节目时,通常承担着评判优胜者的角色。

play a role意为“发挥作用;有影响”。如果要进一步引出具体的内容,后面应用介词in,表示“在某事/某个方面起到作用或承担某种角色”,后跟名词、代词或动名词。

The media playa major role in influencing people's opinions.

媒体在影响舆论方面发挥着重要作用。

(11)Some think that the lives of the performers are made up. 有些人认为那些表演者的生活状况都是编造出来的。

make up意为“编造,组成”。句中的“are made up”属于被动语态结构,其构成为“be 过去分词”,表示“被......”。

The whole story is made up.

整个故事完全是虚构的

I think it’s very unkind of you to make up stories about him.

我认为你编造他的谣言很不厚道。

四、语法聚焦

形容词与副词最高级的基本用法

1.三者或三者以上的人或事物进行比较,其中一个在某方面超过其他几个时用最高级。形容词的最高级前一般要加定冠词the,后带含of或in的表示范围的短语(如of all、of he three 、in the world 等)。

He is the most outgoing of all.

他是所有人中最外向的。

2.在表达“第几(长、大,远...)”时,序数词后用形容词的最高级形式。

He is the second tallest boy in his class.

他是班上第二高的男孩。

3.在表达“最.....之一”时, 用最高级。“one of the 形容词的最高级 可数名词复数”。

Chongqing is one of the biggest cities in our country.

重庆是我们国家最大的城市之一。

4.在表达“某人的最...的....”时,最高级前省略定冠词the,即“某人的 形容词的最高级 名词”。

Linda is my younger sister’s best friend.

琳达是我妹妹最好的朋友。

五、参考作文

(一)

What’s the best restaurant?

What’s the best restaurant in town? We did a survey (调查) and this is what we learned. Better Than Home is the best restaurant. It is the most popular. It has the most comfortable seats and the most delicious food, but the food is the most expensive. Blue Sky has the freshest food. But it has the longest waiting time. It also has the best service. Students’ Home has the worst and cheapest food. It is the closest to school. It plays the most interesting music.

If you’re hungry, I think you can go to Better Than Home and Blue Sky.

(二)

I live in a beautiful town . There are three supermarkets around here. They are Sunshine Supermarket, Kaiji Supermarket and Morning Supermarket. Sunshine Supermarket has the best quality and friendly service. But things there are a little expensive. Kaiji Supermarket has good quality. Its things are cheap, too. But it has unfriendly service . Morning Supermarket has better quality than Kaiji Supermarket. And it has the cheapest things of the three. Also, it has friendlier servicr than the other two.

I like Sunshine Supermarket and Morning Supermarket. I often go to the two supermarkets to buy things. I don’t like Kaiji Supermarket because it doesn’t have a good service.

Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?

一、短语归纳

1.talk show 访谈节目

2.sports show 体育节目

3.game show 娱乐节目

4.talent show 达人秀

5.have a discussion 进行讨论

6.watch news 看新闻

7.find out 找出,查出,查明

8.watch action movies 看动作电影

9. watch cartoons 看动画片

10.the black mouse with two large round ears 长着两只大圆耳朵的黑色老鼠

11.over 80 years ago 八十多年前

12.on November 18,1928 在1928年11月18日

13.the first cartoon with sound and music第一步有声音和音乐的动画片

14.in the 1930s 在20世纪30年代

15.as famous as… 和……一样著名

16.one of the main reasons 要的理由之一

17.be ready to do sth. 愿意做某事;为 …做准备

18.dress up 装扮;乔装打扮

19.take sb’s place 代替;替换

20.do a good job 干得好

21.let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事

22.plan to do sth. 计划/打算做某事

23.hope to do sth. 希望做某事

24.happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事

25.expect to do sth. 盼望做某事

26.How about doing…? 做怎么样?

27.try one’s best to do sth.尽力做某事

28.think of 想起、认为

29.think about 思考、考虑

二、重点句子

1.What do you think of talk shows ? 你认为访谈节目怎么样?

2.I don’t mind them.

我不介意他们。

3.I can’t stand them.

我受不了了他们.

4.Do you plan to watch the news tonight?

今天晚上你打算看新闻吗?

5.I hope to find out what’s going on around the word.

我希望弄清世界各地正在在发生的事情。

6.Well, they may not be very exciting, but you can expect to learn a lot from them.

那么,他们可能不那么让人兴奋,但是你可以期待从中了解到很多东西。

7.He became very rich and successful.

他变得非常富有和成功。

8.One of main reasons is that Mickey was like a common man, but he always tried to face any danger.

主要的原因之一是米老鼠想一个普通人,但他总是尽力面对任何危险。

9.However, he was always ready to try his best. 然而,他总是愿意尽自己最大努力。

10.People today expect to see more than just a little mouse fighting bad guys,but many still know who he is.

虽然 今天的人们不仅期待着看一只小老鼠大战坏蛋,但是许多人仍然知道他是谁。

11.Who has a pair of ears more famous than Mickey’s?

谁会有一双比米老鼠更著名的耳朵呢。

12.Can you think of another cartoon character that is as famous as famous as Mickey?

你能想起另一个和米老鼠一样著名的卡通人物吗?

13.She dresses up like a boy and takes her father’s place to fight in the army.

他装扮成一个男孩并且代替他父亲去参军。

三、语法归纳

Section A

考点 1 don't mind 不介意,不在乎

mind (1) v.介意,在乎。后面常跟名词、代词、动名词或从句(if\whether引导),常用在否定句、疑问句和条件句中。

Would you mind opening the door?

你介意打开门吗?

Let me help you,if you don't mind.

如果你不介意,让我来帮你吧。

Do you mind if I smoke here?

你介意我在这儿抽烟吗?

(2)n.想法,意见,精神,心

body and mind身心

He always reads others' mind.

他总能看透别人的心思。

[拓展] 与mind/有关的短语

make up one's mind to do 下定决心做某事

change one's mind改变主意

Keep...in mind 记住•••••

Keep one's mind on专心于,专注于

never mind没关系,不要记在心上

考点 2 can't stand无法忍受

stand(1)vt.容忍,忍受(=bear),尤其用于否定句或疑问句中,强调不喜欢,常与can\could等情态动词连用。

句型:

can't stand sth.

不能忍受某物

can't stand doing sth.

不能忍受做某事

can't stand sb. doing sth.

不能忍受某人做某事

(2)vt.\vi.(使)站立,竖起

There stands a big tree on the top of the mountain.

山顶上有一颗大树。

[拓展] 与stand相关的短语

stand by站在一旁,袖手旁观

stand for代表,象征

stand out显眼,杰出,突出

stand up起立

stand in line排队

stand up for支持,拥护

考点3 I like to follow the story and see what happens next.我喜欢跟随故事看接下来发生什么。

1.follow vt.跟随(=go after)following adj接着的,其次的

Spring follows winter.冬去春来。

句型:

follow sb. to do sth.跟着某人做某事

His mother followed him to see where he was going.他妈妈跟着他,看他要去哪儿。

[拓展] follow的其他用法

(1)follow vt.遵循,仿效

短语:follow one's advice

听从某人的劝告

follow one's example

学某人的榜样

You should follow your teacher's advice and work hard.

你应该听老师的劝告,努力学习。

(2)follow vt. 听懂,听清

I'm afraid I can't follow you, sir. Could you please speak more slowly?

先生,我没听清,您能说更慢点吗?

2.happen vi."发生",与take place同义。

I don't know how this happened.

我不知道这事是怎么发生的。

句型:

sth. happen 地点|时间状语 某时\某地发生了某事

sth. happen to sb.某人发生了什么事

sth. happen to do sth.某人碰巧做某事

A car accident happened to her this morning.

今天上午她出了车祸。

He happened to meet a friend of his on the street yesterday afternoon.

昨天下午他碰巧在街上遇到了他的一个朋友。

[辨析] happen与take place

happen指偶然的、计划外的事情发生。

take place指计划中的事情发生。

What happened when you told him the news?

你告诉他这个消息时,他有何反应?

Great changes have taken place in my hometown.

我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。

考点4 Why do you like watching the news?你为什么喜欢看新闻?

1.news n.不可数名词,新闻,新闻节目

No news is good news.

没有消息就是好消息。

注意:与news有关的量词用piece等。

a piece of news 一则消息

two pieces of news 两则消息

[拓展]newspaper报纸(可数名词)

a daily newspaper 一份日报

a morning\ an evening newspaper 一份早晚报

辨析: look,see,watch与notice

look强调“看”的动作,是集中注意力,有意识的行为.

Look! The bus is coming.

看!公共汽车来了。

see “看见,看到”,强调“看”的结果。

Can you see the UFO in the sky?

你能看到天空中的不明飞行物吗?

watch “观看”,强调“专注地看”,含有欣赏的意味,多指看比赛、电视节目等.

Do you often watch this TV program?

你经常看这个电视节目吗?

notice“注意到;注意”,常指无意识的行为。

He passed by me without noticing me.

他从我身边经过,但没有注意到我。

考点5 Because I hope to find out what's going on around the world. 因为我希望弄清楚全世界各地正在发生的事情。

hope(1)v.希望 后接动词不定式或从句作宾语

We hope to go to the moon one day.

我们希望有一天能上月球。

(2)n.希望

短语:in the hope of 希望做......

I studied hard in the hope of getting good grades.

我努力学习,希望获得好成绩。

辨析:expect, hope, wish与look forward to

expect作“期待、期望”解,侧重于相信或认为有实现可能的愿望。可接名词、不定式(短语)、“宾语 宾补”的复合结构。

We expect him to come to help us.

我们期望他来帮帮我们。

hope 表示主观上的愿望并对其实现抱有信心。可接不定式(短语)或that引导的从句。

I hope to spend a year in America after I leave school.

我希望毕业后在美国待一年。

注意:hope不可接“宾语 不定式”,不能说hope sb. to do

wish作“但愿、希望”解,表示某种未完成或不能完成的愿望。可接不定式(短语)、双宾语、“宾语 宾补”的复合结构以及that 从句。

We wish him to feel well again soon.

我们希望他早日康复。

look forward to作“盼望、期望”解,常用于表示期望或向往某事,短语中to为介词,故接动词时应使用动名词。

We are looking forward to seeing you soon.

我们盼望早日见到你。

3. find out查明,弄清 look for寻找

考点6 ..but you can expect to learn a lot from them. 但是你可以期望从它们中学到很多东西

expect意为“期待,期望”,其具体用法如下:

expect 名词/代词,期待某人/某事

We should not expect success overnight.

我们不应该期望一夜之间 就取得成功。

expect to do sth.预计做某事

I didn’t expect to meet you here.

我没料到在这里碰到你。

expect sb.to do sth.期待某人做某事

He expected her to go with him.

他期望她同他一起去。

expect that...预计....

I don’t expect that he will do such a thing.

我预料他不会干出这种事来。

Section B

考点7 meaningless adj.毫无意义的,意思不明确的

[拓展]

(1)meaning n.意义,含义,重要性

(2)meaningful adj.有意义的,意义深长的

(3)mean v.意味着,意指

句型:

mean to do打算做,想要做

mean doing意思是,意味着

考点8 He became very rich and successful.他变得既富有又成功。

1.become link-v.'"变得,变成",可直接跟形容词或名词作表语。

She wants to become a teacher.她想要成为一名教师。

[辨析]become,get

become比get正式,一般指身体、职位的变化,作瞬间动词时,指状态的变化。

get后多接比较级,指人的感情、身体状况、自然或社会的变化。

Her health is getting better.

她的健康正在好转。

考点9 She dresses up like a boy and takes her father’s place to fight in the army.她打扮得像个男孩一样并且代替她的爸爸在军队里打仗。

①dress up意为“乔装打扮”。

dress sb. up/dress up sb.意为“盛装打扮某人”。

dress up的常见用法:

dress up as sb./sth.装扮成某人或某物

The shop assistant often dresses up as the Pleasant Goat to invite the children to come in.

那个店员经常扮成喜羊羊邀请孩子们到店里来。

dress up in 服装等名词 穿上......

She dressed up in a red skirt for an important party.

她穿上一条红裙子出席重要的宴会。

②take one’s place“坐某人的座位,代替某人的职位,取代某人成为...”,相当于take the place of sb.

Our math teacher can't come to give the lesson,so Mr.Wang will take her place to give the lesson.

我们的数学老师不能来上课,因此王老师将代替她给我们上课。

考点10 When this cartoon came out in New York on November 18, 1928, it was the first cartoon with sound and music. 当这部卡通片于1928年11月18日在纽约上映时,它是第一部有配音和音乐的卡通片。

come out意思是“出版;发行”。

His new book will come out next month. 他的新书下个月出版。

come out的其他用法

a.出现;出来

Oh, look. The sun’s come out.

噢,瞧,太阳出来了。

b.开花;盛开

The monthly roses will come out soon.

月季花很快就要开花了。

四、语法——动词不定式

动词不定式的主要用法

一、动词不定式在句子中不能独立充当谓语, 没有人称和数的变化。

二、动词不定式是由“to do(动词原形)”构成(有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的否定形式是“not to do”(此时not不能再与助动词连用)。

1. 用作宾语 (v. to do )

need to do, learn to do

agree to do, plan to do

decide to do, refuse to do

begin to do, start to do

try to do, forget to do

remember to do ,like to do

stop to do, go on to do

want to do, hope to do

expect to do, love to do

hate to do, prefer to do

continue to do

2.① 用作宾语补足语:(v. sb. to do )

want sb. to do

wish sb. to do

get sb. to do

order sb. to do

find sb. to be

like sb. to do

would like sb. to do

help sb. to do

类似的词还有ask, tell, get, wish, want, teach, know, understand等。

②作宾语补足语不带to 的情况:

常见动词有:

一感觉:feel

二听:listen to, hear

三使: let, make, have

四看: see, watch, notice, look at

感官动词后若跟v-ing表示动作正在进行。

3. 用作状语(adverbial):

He came to show me his new CD player. (目的)

I went there to see my teacher. (目的)

She came back to get her English book. (目的)

The boy was too frightened to move. (结果)

4.用作主语

动词不定式在句中作主语时, 除了直接作主语外,常放在:

It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth. 或 It is +n.(名词)+to do sth. 句型中, it仅作形式主语。

5. 用作定语

(这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。若是不及物动词, 介词不能省略)

Give me something to drink.

I have two books to read.

They have much food to eat.

I don’t have a pen to write with.

He bought a toy to play with.

He asked for a room to live in.

6 疑问词who, what, which, where, when, how 加to do可构成不定式短语, 在句中可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。

When to start has not been decided. (主语)

I don’t know what to do. (宾语)

He can tell you where to get the book. (宾语补足语)

The question is who(m) to ask. (表语)

Unit 6 I’m going to study computer science.

一、短语归纳

every day每天

be sure about对某事确信

make sure 确信/有把握

send…to…把…发送到…/把…寄…

be able to 能/能够

the meaning of …的意思/含义

at the beginning of 在…开始的时候

write down写下/记下

take up 开始从事/着手处理/接受

hardly ever 几乎不

too…to…太而不能

study computer science学习计算机科学

computer programmer编程人员

grow up长大;成熟;成长

keep on doing sth.反复做某事

take acting/singing lessons上表演/声乐课

finish high school中学毕业

have to do with 与…有关

for this reason由于这个原因

sounds like听起来像

the start of the year一年的开始

have...in common有相同特征;(想法、兴趣等方面)相同

different kinds of不同种类的

二、重点句型

① What do you want to be when you grow up?

你长大后想成为什么?

②—How are you going to do that?

你打算怎样去做?

—I’m going to practice basketball every day.

我打算每天练习打篮球。

③Well, I’m going to keep on writing stories, of course.

哦,我当然会继续坚持写故事。

④My parents want me to be a doctor, but I’m not sure about that.

我的父母想要我成为一名医生,但是我还没有确定。

⑤Just make sure you try your best.

只要确保你尽力了就行。

⑥Were you able to keep them?

你能履行它们吗?

⑦Most of the time, we make promises to other people.

大多数时间,我们向其他人作出承诺。

⑧Some people might say they are going to take up a hobby like painting or taking photos ,or learn to play the guitar.

有些人可能会说他们打算开始培养像绘画或照相这类的爱好,或者打算学习弹吉他。

三、知识点解析

(1)What do you want to be when you grow up? 你长大后想成为什么?

①这是一个含有时间状语从句的主从复合句。主句含有want to be结构,从句是when引导的时间状语从句。

一般情况下,若主从句的动作均未发生,则主句用一般将来时或主句为祈使句或含有情态动词的句子,从句都用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

I’m going to play basketball when I finish my homework.

我完成作业后,打算去打篮球。

②grow up常用来指人或动物长大、成年或成熟。

She is growing up fast.

她成长得很快

还可以引申为“发展”的意思。

A close friendship gradually grows up between them.

他们之间的友谊日益深厚。

(2)—How are you going to do that? 你打算怎样去做?

—I’m going to practice basketball every day. 我打算每天练习打篮球。

①“be going to 动词原形”在句中作谓语,是一般将来时的一种表达形式,表示主语打算、准备或有信心去做某事,其中going并不表示“去”;

We are going to play tennis this afternoon.

今天下午我们要打网球。

而以前学过的“be going to 表示地点的名词”表示主语打算、准备去某地,其中going表示“去”,to是介词,后跟表示地点的名词。

We are going to Beijing this afternoon.

今天下午我们要去北京。

②practice的用法

名词,练习;训练(通常指经常反复的练习)

Playing the piano well needs more practice.

弹好钢琴需要多练。

动词,常用短语:practice doing sth. 练习做某事

She is practicing singing the new song.

她正在练习唱这首新歌。

③辨析:everyday, every day

everyday adj.每天的,在句中作定语,位于名词前。

This is our everyday homework.

这是我们每天的作业。

every day 每天,副词短语,在句中作状语,位于句首或句末。

He reads books every day.

他每天都读书。

(3)Well, I’m going to keep on writing stories, of course. 哦,我当然会继续坚持写故事。

keep on doing sth. 强调反复性和决心,既可接瞬间动作(表示反复),又可接持续动作。

Mr. Wang kept on explaining until the students understood.

王老师反复地解释直到学生们听懂了为止。

(4)My parents want me to be a doctor, but I’m not sure about that. 我的父母想要我成为一名医生,但是我还没有确定。

be sure of/ about意为“确信.... ,对...有把握”。

I’m sure of his honesty. 我肯定他是诚实的。

If you are not sure about the situation in the world , you can read the newspaper every day.

如果你对世界形势不大了解,你可以每天看看报纸。

拓展

be sure to do sth.务必做某事,请一定做某事,(多用于祈使句)

Be sure to telephone me and give me all the news.

请一定要给我打电话,让我知道所有的消息。

还可表示一种推断,意为“一定做某事,肯定做某事”

The child is sure to be a teacher.

这孩子一定会成为一名教师。

You are sure to win.

你们肯定会赢。

be sure 从句,确信

I’m not sure whether he will come.

我不确信他是否会来。

(5)Just make sure you try your best. 只要确保你尽力了就行。

make sure意为“确保,查明”,后可接宾语从句,也可接of (doing) sth.结构。

You must make sure of the time and the place.

你必须把时间和地点弄清楚。

Make sure at least two people from the marketing team can attend.

要确保销售团队至少有两个人来参加。

(6)Were you able to keep them? 你能履行它们吗?

be able to意为“能够”,后接动词原形,相当于情态动词can。

He was able to/ could speak French very well.

他法语讲得很不错。

辨析:can, be able to

相同点:

can与be able to均可表示某人做某事的能力,常可互换。

Please let us know if you cannot/ aren’t able to come.

你若不能来,请通知我们。

不同点:

can只有现在式和过去式(could)两种,用于现在时,can泛指一般的能力;在表示过去的一般能力时,两者没有很大差别。

You can/could do it.

你可以做到。

He can swim.

他会游泳。

I could /was able to play the piano when I was young.

我小的时候就会弹钢琴了。

be able to可根据需要使用多种时态,还可以和一些情态动词连用,或用作动词不定式等非谓语形式。

用于现在时,be able to指具体做某件事的能力:

The baby will be able to walk in a few weeks.

这个宝宝再过几个星期就能走路了。

I am able to express my idea in a clear way.

我能清楚地表达自己的想法。

在表示过去的一般能力时,两者没有很大差别。但如果要表示“一时的能力”,即“在过去某时有某种能力,并顺利地完成某事”,则要用was/ were able to, 而不能用could。

Though he was sick, he was able to swim across the river.

虽然他病了,但他还是游过了河。

(7)Most of the time, we make promises to other people. 大多数时间,我们向其他人作出承诺。

①“most of 限定词 名词”=“most 名词”,表示“大多数.......”。

Most students go to school by bike.

= Most of the students go to school by bike.

大多数学生骑自行车去上学。

②promise作名词,意为“承诺,诺言”。

常见短语有:

keep a promise遵守诺言

make a promise作出承诺

Give me your promise that you’ll never be late again.

答应我你绝不再迟到了。

拓展

promise to do sth.答应做某事

He promised to help us.

他答应要帮助我们。

promise sb. sth.答应某人某事

He promised me the book.

他答应给我这本书。

promise that从句,答应/许诺...

I promised that I would give it to Susan.

我答应过把它给苏珊了。

(8)Some people might say they are going to take up a hobby like painting or taking photos ,or learn to play the guitar. 有些人可能会说他们打算开始培养像绘画或照相这类的爱好,或者打算学习弹吉他。

ake up意为“开始做;开始从事(某事)”,具体用法如下:

开始从事

He left the job in the city to take up farming.

他辞去城里的工作,开始务农。

接受;答应(提议或挑战)

At last, he took up the offer.

最后,他接受了这个提议。

占用,花费(时间、空间或精力)

The work took up all his time.

那工作花费了他所有的时间。

(9)Sometimes the resolutions may be too difficult to keep. 有时决心或许太难以至于无法实现。

too...to...句型形式上是肯定的,但是它在意义上是否定的,表示“太...而不能...”。too的后面接形容词或副词的原级,to的后面接动词原形。too...to...句型是简单句。

He is too young to join the army.

他年龄太小,不能参军。

有时不定式前可以带有一个由介词for 引出的逻辑主语。

The box is too heavy for the boy to carry.

这个箱子太重,这个男孩提不起。

拓展:too...to与so...that的转换

当that后的从句为否定式且从句主语与主句的主语相同时,so...that 可转换为too...to结构;若从句主语与主句主语的主语不相同,so...that可转换为too...for sb. to...结构。

He was too tired to walk on.

= He was so tired that he couldn’t walk on.

他太累了,走不动了。

The bag is too heavy for her to move.

=The bag is so heavy that she can’t move.

这个包太重了,她挪不动。

too...to...还可以和not...enough to...互换

too...to...太...不能...

so...that...如此...以至于...

not...enough to...不够...而不能...

She is too young to go to school. 她太小而不能上学。

= She is so young that she can’t go to school.

= She is not old enough to go to school.

四、重点语法

be going to的用法

be going to是一种固定结构,表达将来的动作或状态。其主要用法如下:

①表示主观上打算在将来要做某事,常与tomorrow, next year等表示将来的时间状语连用。

I’m going to see my good friend tomorrow.

明天我要去看我的好朋友。

He is going to visit the Summer Palace next Sunday.

下个星期日他将去游览颐和园。

表示即将发生的事。

She is going to meet her father at the station at 9:00.

她九点钟要到车站接她父亲。

表示根据迹象主观判断肯定将要发生的事。

Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain.

看那些云,要下雨了。

Hurry up! You are going to be late. 快点吧!你们要迟到了。

表示计划好了的、将来要做的事。

The sports meeting is going to be held in August.

运动会将在八月份召开。

The park is going to open on November 2nd.

这家公园将于11月2日开放。

be going to后面的动词如果是go, come, leave等时,可以直接用这些动词的现在进行时表示将来的打算或肯定将要发生的动作。

He is coming here soon.

他很快就要来这儿。

Mr. Li is leaving Shanghai for Beijing.

李先生将离开上海前往北京。

be going to用在there be句型中,to后的动词原形应该用be,而不用其他动词。

There is going to be a football match this afternoon.

今天下午将有一场足球比赛。

being to后可接地点,表示“打算去某处”,但接副词时,省略to。

She is going there with Jim.

她打算和吉姆去那里。

②注意:以下情况不宜用be going to结构:

表示临时决定将要做某事时。

Someone is knocking at the door, and I’ll open it.

有人敲门,我去开门。

表示客观必然会发生的事时。

Tomorrow will be Sunday.

明天是星期天。

Unit 7 Will people have robots?

一、短语归纳

on computers 在电脑上

on paper 在纸上

live to be...years old活到……岁

live to be 200 years old 活到200岁

free time空闲时间

in danger 在危险中

on the earth 在世界上

play a part in sth. 在某方面出力/做贡献

space station太空站

look for 寻找

in the future 在将来

hundreds of 成百上千的

the same…as与…一样

over and over again 反复

get bored 无聊

wake up 醒来/唤醒

look like 看起来像

fall down倒下/落下

fresh water淡水

move to搬(家);搬迁

over and over again多次;反复地

二、重点句型

①Do you think there will be robots in people’s homes?

你觉得人们家里会有机器人吗?

②Will people use money in 100 years?

一百年后人们还会用钱吗?

③Everyone should play a part in saving the earth.

每一个人都应当尽一份力来拯救地球。

④There will be fewer trees.

将会有更少的树。

⑤But many scientists disagree with Mr. White.

但是许多科学家不同意怀特先生(的观点)。

⑥However, they agree it may take hundreds of years.

然而,他们同意可能要花几百年的时间(才会有更多的机器人)的观点。

三、重点解析

(1)Do you think there will be robots in people’s homes? 你觉得人们家里会有机器人吗?

there will be是there be的一般将来时,结构是 “There will be 主语 其他”。There be的一般将来时结构还可以是“There is/are going to be 主语 其他”。

There will be more flowers.

将会有更多的花。

There is going to be a basketball match this afternoon.

今天下午会有一场篮球比赛。

There will be的句式变化有:

肯定句,There will be 主语...

There will be more flowers.

将会有更多的花。

否定句,There will not/won’t be 主语...

There won’t be more cars in the future.

将来不会有更多的汽车。

一般疑问句 ,Will there be 主语...?

—Will there be more cars, in the future?

将来会有更多的汽车吗?

—Yes, there will.

是的,会有。

—No, there won't.

不,不会有。

肯定答语 Yes, there will.

否定答语 No, there won’t.

(2)Will people use money in 100 years? 一百年后人们还会用钱吗?

in 100 years意为“在一百年之后”。

“in 一段时间”表示“在...(时间)之后”,常用于一般将来时的句子中,提问“in 表示一段时间的词”时用how soon或when。

—How soon/ When will they return?

他们过多久/什么时候返回?

—In three weeks.

三周后。

My father will be back in a week.

我爸爸一周后回来。

拓展

after 一段时间,“在....(时间)之后”,常用于一般过去时的句子中。

He went to Beijing after 2 years.

他两年后去了北京。

after之后可跟时间点,而in后不跟时间点。

Jack will get to the airport after six o’clock.

杰克将在六点后到机场。

(此处只能用after, 不能用in。)

辨析:in, after, later

in

“in 时间段”表示“从现在开始算起的一段时间以后”,也可以表示“在将来多少时间之内”。句中谓语动词通常用一般将来时。

He will be back in two days.

他两天后回来。

after

“after 一段时间”以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间以后,常用于过去时中。“after 具体时刻/具体事件”,表示在某一具体时间点或某一具体事件以后, 既可与过去时连用,也可用于将来时。

He went home after two days.

他两天后回家了。

later

later一般用于一段时间之后,即“一段时间 later”,相当于“after 一段时间”,多用于一般过去时。

Three years later, she went to Peking University.

三年后,她上了北京大学。

(3)Everyone should play a part in saving the earth. 每一个人都应当尽一份力来拯救地球。

play a part 意为“参与(某事)”,play a part in doing sth. 意为“参与做某事”。

play a part in还可以指“在...中起作用”,相当于play a role in。part前常加形容词来进行修饰,如leading、important、critical、active 等。

She plays an active part in teaching these poor children.

她积极参加对这些贫穷孩子的教学工作。

(4)There will be fewer trees. 将会有更少的树。

辨析:few, fewer, a few

few之后接可数名词复数,表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意义。

He’s lived here for a long time but has few friends.

他已经在这里住了很久了,但是几乎没有朋友。

fewer是few 的比较级,意为“更少的”。

Now I meet with fewer difficulties in my work.

现在我工作中困难少些了。

a few表示数量虽然少,但有几个,强调“有”,含有肯定意义。

He’s lived here for a short time but has already had a few friends.

虽然他在这里住了很短时间,但是他已经有了几个朋友。

(5)space station 太空站

辨析:space, room, place

space指空间、太空时是不可数名词;指大片空地、开阔地时,可以作可数名词,也可以作不可数名词。

room指为某一目的所需的空间,侧重大小、尺寸等,是不可数名词。泛指一般意义的“空地”或“空间”。

place指某人或某物所占的特定的空间,是可数名词。其含义通常比较具体,且指座位时,与seat 同义。

(6)But many scientists disagree with Mr. White. 但是许多科学家不同意怀特先生(的观点)。

disagree意为“不同意”,其反义词是agree。其用法如下:

disagree with sb. 不同意某人的观点

She disagrees with me.

她不同意我的观点。

disagree that... 不同意

He disagrees that I go there.

他不同意我去那儿。

(7)However, they agree it may take hundreds of years.然而,他们同意可能要花几百年的时间(才会有更多的机器人)的观点。

take意为“花费”,其主语常是it,代替后面的动词不定式(短语)。

常用句型:

It takes/ took/ will take sb.some time to do sth. 某人花费一段时间做某事

It took us half an hour to cook dinner.

做晚饭用了我们半个小时。

辨析:cost, take, pay, spend

cost

sth. costs/cost sb. 钱数

A new computer costs me a lot of money.

买一台新电脑要花我一大笔钱。

take

It takes/took (sb.) some time to do sth.

It took them three years to build this road.

他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。

pay

sb. pay/paid some money for sth.

I paid fifty yuan for the coat.

我花50元买了这件大衣。

spend

sb. spends/spent some money/time on sth./in doing sth.

I spent fifty yuan on the coat.

=I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat.

我花50元买了这件大衣。

四、语法聚焦

一般将来时

(1)一般将来时的含义

一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow 、next week、next year 等。

I will go to my hometown next week.

下周我将去我的家乡。

(2)一般将来时的构成:

①“助动词will 动词原形”结构。

will 在名词或代词后常简缩为“’ll”,will not常简缩为“won’t”。

在疑问句中,主语为第一人称(I和we)时,常用助动词shall。

第一人称

I/We will go.

I/We will not go.

Shall I/we go?

第二人称

You will go.

You will not go.

Will you go?

第三人称

He/She/It/They will go.

He/She/It/They will not go.

Will he/she/it/they go?

②“be going to 动词原形”表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。

What are you going to do next Sunday?

下周日你打算做什么?

They’re going to meet at the school gate.

他们打算在校门口见面。

③there be句型的一般将来时结构:There will be... 和There is/are going to be...。

There will be more trees in the future.

未来将有更多的树。

There is going to be a meeting in our school tomorrow.

我们学校明天将有个会议。

④there be句型一般将来时的一般疑问句及肯定、否定回答:

Is/ Are there going to be...?

肯定回答:Yes, there is/are.

否定回答:No, there isn’t aren’t.

Will there be..?

肯定回答:Yes, there will.

否定回答:No, there won’t.

⑤there be句型一般将来时的否定句结构:There won’t be...和There isn’t/aren’t going to be...。

There won’t be any paper money in the future.

未来将没有纸币。

Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?

一、短语归纳

milk shake 奶昔

turn on打开

pour into 倒入

a cup of yogurt 一杯酸奶

a good idea 一个好主意

on Saturday 在星期六

cut up 切碎

put into 放入

one more thing 还有一件事

a piece of一片/一张/一块

at this time在此时

a few 几个

fill…with… 用…装满

cover…with… 用…盖住

one by one一个接一个

a long time长时间

First …Next…Then…Finally 首先……接下来……然后…… . 最后……

二、必背句型

① No, one more thing.

不,还有一件事。

② Finally, don’t forget to add some salt.

最后,不要忘了加些盐。

③ How do you make a banana milk shake?

你是怎样制作香蕉奶昔的?

④ These days, most Americans still celebrate this idea of giving thanks by having a big meal at home with their family.

这些天来,大多数美国人仍然通过在家里和家人吃一顿大餐的方式,庆祝这种感恩的思想。

⑤ Next, fill the turkey with this bread mix.

接着用这个面包混合物填满火鸡。

⑥ Finally, serve it to your friends with some vegetables.

最后,放一些蔬菜把它端给你的朋友们。

⑦ When it is ready, place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy .

当它准备好时,把火鸡放在一个大盘子上,并且用肉汁盖在上面。

三、知识点解析

(1)Cut up the bananas. 切碎香蕉。

cut作动词,意思是“切;割;削”,cut up为“动词 副词”构成的词组。接名词作宾语时,放在cut up中间或后面都可以。若接代词,如it/them作宾语时,则只能放在cut up中间。

Let’s cut two bananas up first.

= Let’s cut up two bananas first.

首先让我们切两个香蕉。

I have washed the apples. Please cut them up.

我已经洗了苹果,请把它们切碎。

cut短语归纳:

cut in 插嘴

cut out 删除;减去

cut off 切断......

cut into 把......切成

cut in line 插队

cut down砍倒;缩减

(2)Turn on the blender. 打开食物搅拌器。

turn的相关短语

turn on 打开(水龙头、煤气、开关等)

Please turn on the light.

请打开灯。

turn off 关掉;关上(电器、开关等)

You should turn off the light.

你应该关灯。

turn down 关小;调低(收音机、电视等的音量)

The TV is too loud. Please turn it down.

电视声音太大了,请关小点。

turn up 调大(电视、收音机等的音量)

He turned up the radio.

他把收音机的声音开大了。

温馨提示

在这些短语中,若代词作宾语,则把代词放在动词和副词之间。若名词作宾语,放在中间和后面均可。

I can’t hear the radio clearly. Would you please turn it up?

我听不清收音机,请你把声音调大点儿,好吗?

(3)No, one more thing. 不,还有一件事。

one more的意思是“另外一个”。more用于数词后,表示数量的增加,即表示在原有基础上增加。

一How many more stamps do you want?

你还要多少张邮票?

一Four more please.

请再给4张。

拓展

“another 数词 名词”的用法

当数词为one时,我们说“one more 名词”,但一般不用“another one 名词”,通常只用“another 名词”。

I shall stay another five months.

我将再待五个月。

He decided to have one more try.

他决定再试一次。

(4)Finally, don’t forget to add some salt. 最后,不要忘了加些盐。

forget意为“忘记”,常用于如下结构:

forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事(未做)

The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.

办公室的灯还亮着,他忘记关了。

forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做)

I forget closing the door.

我忘记已经关上门了。

(5)How do you make a banana milk shake? 你是怎样制作香蕉奶昔的?

①how 为疑问副词,表示方式、手段,意思是“如何,怎样,怎么”。

How do you make a plane model?

你是怎么制作飞机模型的?

辨析:how many, how much

how many对“数量”进行提问,意为“多少”。主要用来对可数名词的数量进行提问,后接可数名词复数.

一How many weeks are there in a year?

一年有多少个星期?

一There are fifty-two.

有五十二个。

how much对“数量”进行提问,意为“多少”。主要用来对不可数名词的量进行提问,后接不可数名词。还可以直接用于询问价格。

—How much is your backpack?

你的背包多少钱?

—It’s thirty yuan.

三十元。

—How much milk is there in the glass?

杯子里有多少牛奶?

—There is only a little.

只有一点儿。

②make作“制作”讲时,后面可以接双宾语,即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。

通常的结构是:make 间接宾语 直接宾语/ make 直接宾语 for 间接宾语。

Tim’s mother made him a big cake on his birthday.

= Tim’s mother made a big cake for him on his birthday.

蒂姆生日那天,他妈妈为他做了一个大蛋糕。

拓展 不同的“做”

do表示完成任务或活动;表示做一些日常的事。

I usually do my homework after dinner.

我通常晚饭后做家庭作业。

make表示做一些体力上的事;表示创造出某事。

Let’s make hamburgers this evening.

今晚我们做汉堡吧。

(6)These days, most Americans still celebrate this idea of giving thanks by having a big meal at home with their family. 这些天来,大多数美国人仍然通过在家里和家人吃一顿大餐的方式,庆祝这种感恩的思想。

①辨析:dinner, meal

dinner意为“正餐”。指一天中吃得比较好的或较丰盛的顿饭,一般在中午或晚上吃。该词前有修饰语,往往要带不定冠词。

We ate a good dinner.

我们吃了一顿美餐。

meal意为“饭,一顿饭”,是一日三餐(breakfast, lunch, supper)的总称,作可数名词。

We have three meals a day.

我们一天吃三顿饭。

②辨析:home, family

home指一个人出生和居住的地方,不涉及家庭的组成成员。主要强调人们所生长的环境。

Liu Ming is at home today.

今天刘明在家。

family强调由家人组成的家,它与家庭中的成员有关。当把family看作一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;而当它表示家庭的各个成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。

His family is very happy.

他的家庭很幸福。

His family are all out.

他的家人都不在家。

(7)Next, fill the turkey with this bread mix. 接着用这个面包混合物填满火鸡。

fill ... with...是固定短语,意思是“用....填充...”。

He filled the glass with water. 他将那个玻璃杯盛满水。

拓展

be filled with = be full of 充满,装满

Her eyes were filled with tears.

她的眼睛充满泪水。

Her eyes were full of tears.

她眼泪汪汪的。

(8)Finally, serve it to your friends with some vegetables. 最后,放一些蔬菜把它端给你的朋友们。

serve意为“接待;服务;提供”,其名词形式是service。具体用法如下:

serve sb. with sth. 用某物招待某人

The host served us with beer.

主人用啤酒招待我们。

serve sb./sth. 招待某人/提供某物

This restaurant serves many people everyday.

这家饭店每天都招待很多人。

serve sb. sth./sth. to sb.

给某人提供某物

She served me a cup of coffee.

她给我端上一杯咖啡。

He served some sweets to the children.

他为孩子们拿来了一些糖。

(9)When it is ready, place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy. 当它准备好时,把火鸡放在一个大盘子上,并且用肉汁盖在上面。

cover ... with...意为“用.....盖住....”,其被动语态为be covered with... “被....覆盖”。

Put the tree into the hole and cover it with earth.

把树放在坑里并用土将其盖住。

四、同步语法

可数名词和不可数名词

①可数名词

可数名词指物体的数量可数。其单数形式可在名词前直接加a或an,表示“一个”。其复数形式要在词尾加“-s”或“-es”(特殊情况除外)。

a banana 一根香蕉

two bananas 两根香蕉

②不可数名词

不可数名词指物体的数量不可数。不可数名词没有单复数之分,也不能在单词前直接加冠词a或an。表示不可数名词的数量时可在不可数名词前加相应的量词构成短语。

③可数名词与不可数名词的修饰词

可数名词的数量除了用冠词“a, an”和基数词表示外,还可用下面的词表示:

many 许多

many apples 许多苹果

a few 几个

a few students几个学生

few 很少

few people很少的人

不可数名词可用下面的词表示数量:

much 许多

much rain大量的雨

a little 一点儿

a little water一点儿水

little 很少

little meat 一丁点儿肉

既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的词有:

lots of=a lot of 许多,大量

lots of milk;

lots of students

some 一些(用于肯定句)

some water;

some apples

名词可数不可数“六注意”

1.可数名词是可以用来计数的名词。可数名词有单数和复数形式。如:desk-desks, apple-apples等。不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词。不可数名词没有复数形式,只有单数形式。如:some bread, a little milk等。

2.可数可数名词表示泛指时,前面要用不定冠词a(an),表示特指时,前面要用定冠词the; 而不可数名词前不能用a(an)修饰,表示特指时,前面一定要用定冠词the。

He is a factory worker.

他是一名工人。

No one can see air.

没有人能看见空气。

3.可数名词和不可数名词前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等来修饰,表示"一些,许多"。

There are some oranges on the desk.

桌子上有一些桔子。

There is a lot of water in the bottle.

瓶里有许多水。

4.可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。

two apples, four books等。不可数名词前通常用"单位词 of"来表示数量。

a piece of paper

three pieces of paper

5.可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数与主语的单复数保持一致。如:

This picture is very beautiful.

这幅画很美。

不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式,但是不可数名词前有复数"单位词"时,谓语动词要用复数形式。

There are two cups of tea on the table.

桌上有两杯茶。

6.可数名词前的修饰语提问用how many; 对不可数名词前的修饰语提问用how much。

How many apples are there in the box?

盒子里有多少个苹果?

How much tea is there in the cup?

杯里有多少茶水?

注意:

1.对不可数名词前的"单位词"的修饰语提问时,疑问词用how many。

How many pieces of bread are there on the plate?

盘子里有多少片面包?

2.不可数名词没有复数,当它作句子的主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。

The food is very fresh. 

食品很新鲜。

3.有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词,有复数形式,但他们的意义往往发生变化。

water (水) → waters (水域)

orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘子)

4.room 表示“房间”时,为可数名词,但表示“空间”、“余地”时,为不可数名词。

5.A:Would you like a cake? 要吃块蛋糕吗?

B:No, I don’t like cake. 不吃,我不喜欢吃蛋糕。

以上第一句用 a cake,这是把 cake 视为一块一块的“蛋糕”,所以它是可数的;而第二句只用 cake,这是把它当作物质名词看待, 所以它成了不可数名词。

6.又如,tea(茶)作为物质名词,它是不可数的,但它若表示“一份茶”或“一种茶”,则是可数的,如可说:

It’s a good tea(那是一种好茶),

Two teas, please(请来两份茶)。

7.像fish,turkey,chicken,duck等指动物时是可数名词,指“……肉”时是不可数名词。

8.hair指一个人头上的全部头发时,是不可数名词;如果指某一根头发时,就是可数的。例如:

Her hair is black.Whenever she finds a white hair ,she pulls it out.

她的头发是黑的。她只要发现一根白发就将它拔掉。

祈使句的用法

用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫祈使句。祈使句因主语是第二人称,所以通常省略主语,以动词原形开头,句末则使用句点或感叹号来表示结束。

1. 肯定的祈使句

(1)动词原形 其他

Stand up, please.

= Please stand up. 请起立。

(2)Be adj.

Be careful!

= Look out!

= Take care!

小心 / 当心!

(3)Let's 动词原形

Let’s go to school together.

咱们一起上学去吧。

2. 否定的祈使句

(1) Don't 动词原形

Don't stand up.

别站起来。

Don't be careless.

别粗心。

Don't let them play with fire.

别让他们玩火。

(2)Let's ( let sb ) not 动词原形

Let's not say anything about it.

对于这件事,咱们什么也别说。

Let them not play with fire.

别让他们玩火。

3.祈使句的反意疑问句

(1) 肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用will you 或won't you。

Please open the door, will/ won’t you?

请把门打开,好吗?

(2)否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用will you。

Don't be late again, will you?

别再迟到了,行不行?

(3) 以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shall we。

Let's turn on the TV, shall we?

我们把电视打开,好吗?

<特别注意> 只有以let's开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用shall we,而let us 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为will you或won't you.

Let us stay here, will/ won't you?

请(你)让我们留在这好吗?

○祈使句用于两个重要句型中:

1.“祈使句 and 表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件。

Study hard,and you will succeed.

努力学习,你就会成功。

2.“祈使句 or(else) 表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件,or(else)表示“否则;要不然”。

试比较:

Hurry up,or you’ll miss the train.

(=If you don’t hurry up,you’ll miss the train.)

记忆要诀

祈使句,无主语,只用谓语就可以。

表示请求或命令,加上please表客气。

Stand up, please!请起立!

Come here. 来这里

如果变成否定旬, Don’t开头是规律。

No fishing!是警示语,

祈使句用法要牢记。

Unit 9 Can you come to my party?

一、短语归纳

1.on Saturday afternoon

=on the afternoon of Saturday在星期六下午

2.have to不得不,必须

3.go to the/a doctor

=see the/a doctor去看病

4.have the flu患流感

5.help my parents帮助我的父母

6e to the party参加聚会

7et my friend见朋友

8.too much homework太多的家庭作业

9.go to the party参加聚会

10.another time其他时间

11.last fall

=last autumn去年秋天

12.hang out闲逛

13.after school放学后

14.on the weekend在周末

15.go to the movies去看电影

16.study for a test备考

17.visit grandparents拜访爷爷奶奶

18.prepare for为…做准备

19.turn down拒绝;调低

20.take a trip去旅行

21.go shopping去购物

22.do homework做家庭作业

23.the day before yesterday前天

24.the day after tomorrow后天

25.not…until… 直到......才......

26.have a piano lesson上钢琴课

27.accept an invitation接受邀请

28.look forward to... 盼望,期待

29.at the end of this month在这个月末

30.go to the concert去听音乐会

31.reply in writing书面回复

32.the opening of…的开幕式/落成典礼

33.look after...

=take care of... 照顾......

二、必背句子

①—Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon? 星期六下午你能来参加我的聚会吗?

—Sure, I’d love to. 当然了,我很乐意去。

②I have to prepare for an exam. 我必须为考试做准备。

③I have too much homework this weekend. 这周末我有太多的家庭作业。

④I remember we went bike riding together last fall when he visited you.

我记得他去年秋天来拜访你的时候我们一起骑自行车兜风了。

⑤Oh, but Sam isn’t leaving until next Wednesday.哦,但萨姆要一直待到下星期三才走。

⑥Bring Ms. Steen to the party without telling her so that she can be surprised.

不要告诉斯蒂恩女士,直接把她带到聚会以便给她个惊喜。

⑦I look forward to hearing from you all. 我期盼着你们所有人的答复。

三、用法点拔

(1)—Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon?

星期六下午你能来参加我的聚会吗?

—Sure, I’d love to.

当然了,我很乐意去。

“Can you...?”可用来向别人发出邀请或询问对方能否做某事。

肯定答语是:Sure, I’d love to./Certainly./Of course,I can.等。

否定答语常用:I’d love to,but I have to.../Sorry,I have to.../I’m sorry,I can’t.等。

-- Can you go to the movies with me tonight?

今晚你能与我一起去看电影吗?

-- Sure,I’d love to.

当然,我很乐意去。

(2)I have to prepare for an exam. 我必须为考试做准备。

prepare 意为“(为.....做准备;把....准备好”。其用法如下:

prepare sth.准备.....后接名词或代词作宾语。当宾语是食物类的名词时,可意为“制作”。

My mother is preparing dinner.

我妈妈在做饭。

prepare sth. for sb. 给某人准备某物

She prepared a nice break fast for us.

她为我们准备了一顿可口的早餐。

prepare for sth. 为....做准备

I have to prepare for the party tomorrow.

我必须要为明天的聚会做准备了。

prepare to do sth. 准备去做某事

He prepared to make friends by WeChat.

他准备通过微信交朋友。

(3)I have too much homework this weekend. 这周末我有太多的家庭作业。

too much修饰不可数名词,用来强调其“量”超出了正常的范围。too用来修饰形容词或副词,表示“太”的意思,其程度比very, so, quite要强得多。

He sometimes finds his teacher leaves them too much homework to do.

他有时发现老师留给他们做的家庭作业太多了。

I don’t want to eat too much food every day.

我不想每天吃太多的食物。

辨析

too much “太多”,用来修饰不可数名词。

There isn’t too much food in the house.

家里食物不太多了。

too many “太多”,用来修饰可数名词复数。

There are too many students in the playground.

操场上有太多学生。

much too “实在.....;简直.....”,一般修饰形容词或副词。

The coat is much too large.

这件大衣实在太大了。

(4)I remember we went bike riding together last fall when he visited you.我记得他去年秋天来拜访你的时候我们一起骑自行车兜风了。

remember在此处是及物动词,意为“记得”,后面可以直接跟宾语。

I can’t remember his name.

我记不得他的名字了。

remember的用法:

remember me to sb. 代我问候某人

Remember me to your parents.

代我向你的父母问好。

remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(未做)

Remember to give him the book.

记得把这本书给他。

remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)

I remember giving him the book.

我记得我给他那本书了。

(5)Oh, but Sam isn’t leaving until next Wednesday.哦,但萨姆要一直待到下星期三才走。

句中的until 有以下用法:

作介词时,意为“直到某一时刻;直到发生某事”

肯定句:

It may last until Friday.

这可能要延续到星期五。

He will be working until 5 o’clock.

他将一直工作到五点钟。

用于肯定句时,意为“直到....时(为止)”或“....以前”。

谓语动词须是持续性动词,如live、wait、last、love等。

否定句:

Don’t open it until your birthday.

等到你过生日再打开它。

She didn’t sleep until eight.

她到八点钟才睡觉。

用于否定句时,意为“直到....才”或“直到...之前(还不....)”。

作连词时,意为“直到.....时为止”,主句为肯定句:

Continue walking in this direction until you see a sign.

一直朝着这个方向走直到你看见指示牌。

He ran until he was breathless.

他一直跑到气喘吁吁才停下。

主句为肯定句时,表示主句的动作一直持续到从句动作发生或状态出现时。一般可意为“直到...为止”。在这种用法中,主句的谓语动词必须是持续性动词,如live、wait、last、love、like、stay、work、continue等。

主句为否定句:

I didn’t realize she was foreign until she spoke.

她不说话我还一直不知道她是个外国人。

I won’t stop shouting until you let me go.

你不放我,我就一直喊叫。

(6)look after his sister 照顾他的妹妹

辨析:与“照顾”有关的短语

take care of 一般用来嘱咐别人照顾好自己或是自己的东西

Can you take good care of these goods?

你能看管好这些货物吗?

care for 更多地表示操心、关心之类的意思

He spent years caring for his sick mother.

他数年中一直在照顾生病的母亲。

look after 主要对人在生活方面照顾和料理

My mother is ill. I have to look after her at home.

我妈妈病了。我不得不在家照看她。

(7)accept an invitation 接受邀请

辨析:accept, receive

accept 意为“接受”,指主观上愿意接受

She accepted a present from her friend.

她接受了朋友的礼物。

receive 意为“收到”,指客观上收到或拿到,但不包含接受者本人是否“接受”的意思

I received a letter from my sister last week.

上周我收到了我姐姐的一封来信。

辨析:reply, answer

reply 用作及物动词时,后跟直接引语或that引导的从句;用作不及物动词时,后面与to连用,表示“回答某人的问题、信件等”

I’ll reply to your letter tomorrow.

明天我将给你回信。

answer 可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词。可表示接听电话或对门铃等声响做出反应等。

Who can answer the question?

谁能回答这个问题?

(8)turn down an invitation 拒绝邀请拒绝

turn down相当于refuse,还可意为“关小;调低”

I turned down his advice.

我拒绝了他的建议。

It’s too noisy. Please turn it down.

它太吵了,请把音量调低点。

反义词组是turn up

(9)Bring Ms. Steen to the party without telling her so that she can be surprised. 不要告诉斯蒂恩女士,直接把她带到聚会以便给她个惊喜。

without是介词,意为“没有”。常见用法如下:

表示否定,意为“没有,无”。

He went out without his umbrella.

他外出没有带伞。

其后除可接名词或代词外,也可接动名词。

He walked past me without speaking.

他从我身旁走过,一句话也没说。

有时表示条件,意为“若无;若非”。

We cannot live without water.

=We cannot live if there is no water.

没有水,我们无法生存。

10)I look forward to hearing from you all. 我期盼着你们所有人的答复。

①look forward to 意思是“期待,盼望”。to是介词,后面接名词或者动名词。

I look forward to seeing you again.

我盼望再次见到你。

He looks forward to your letters.

他盼望着你的信件。

②hear from是固定短语,后面接某人,意为“收到(某人的)信、电话等”。

I heard from my pen pal last week.

上周我收到 了我笔友的来信。

四、语法专项

A.情态动词

情态动词can表邀请

情态动词can除了表示能力、许可或猜测之外,还可以表示邀请; could较can更礼貌、委婉。

Jenny, can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon?

珍妮,周六下午你能来参加我的聚会吗?

Can you...?意为“你能…吗?"是一个发出邀请的重点句式。如果想更礼貌地发出激请,还可以使用Could you...?或Would you like to...?

接受邀请常用Sure,I’d love to,(当然了,我愿意)。委婉拒绝邀请常“Sorry,I can’t.(对不起,我不能)”或“ I’d love to,but(我很愿意,但是…)”。

---Can you come to my home this evening?

今天晚上你能来我家吗?

---Sure, I’d love to.

当然了,我很愿意。

---Can you go swimming with me this Sunday?

这个星期天你能和我一起去游泳吗?

---I’d love to, but I have to see the dentist that day.

我愿意去,但是那天我不得不去看牙医。

发出邀请:

1.Can you...?意为“你能…吗?”用于熟人之间,比较随便。

鲍勃,你能来参加我的生日聚会吗?

Can you come to my birthday party, Bob?

2.Would you like/ love(to)...?意为“你愿意...吗?”

你愿意喝杯咖啡吗?

Would you like a cup of coffee?

你愿意来参加我的生日聚会吗?

Would you like to come to my birthday party?

3.I hope you can... 意为“我希望你能...”

我希望明天晚上你能和我们一起去看电影。

I hope you can go to the movies with us tomorrow evening.

我希望你能和我们一起踢足球。

I hope you can play soccer with us.

4.I’d/We’d like to invite... 意为“我/我们想邀请...”

我想邀请你来参加我的生日聚会。

I'd like to invite you to my birthday party.

我们想邀请你和我们一起去买东西。

We'd like to invite you to go shopping with us.

接受邀请的应答语:

Certainly./ Of course./Sure./Yes,I’d love to./Yes,I’d like to.意为“当然可以/我很愿意”。

With pleasure.

“很乐意”。

All right.

“好吧”。

Yes, I’ll be glad to.

“是的,我很愿意”。

That‘s very kind of you. Thank you. /It's very nice of you. Thank you./That would be very nice of you. Thank you.

你太好了,谢谢你。

I'd love to come. Thank you for inviting me.

我很高兴来,感谢你邀请我。

注意:答语中 I’d love to中的to不可以省略.

谢绝邀请的应答语:

That's very kind of you, but I'm afraid...

你真是太好了,不过恐怕...。

I'd love/like to, but I have to...

我很想来,但我不得不...

I’m very sorry. I can’t...

很抱歉,我不能...

Sorry, but I can't. Thank you all the same.

对不起,我不能。可我仍然要谢谢你。

注意:

西方人的邀请一般比较慎重,他们一般不随便邀请别人到家里做客,也不轻易许诺邀请,一旦他们提出比较郑重的邀请,被邀请者则必须做出明确的答复。

拓展:

(1)can的其他用法:

1)表示能力,意思是“能;会”。

---Can you speak French?

你会说法语吗?

---No, I can’t.

不,我不会。

2)表示许可,意为“可以”,相当于may。另外 could也可以表示许可,但语气更加委婉。

You can take the car, if you want.

如果你想的话,你可以坐汽车。

3)表示推测,用于疑问句、否定句中,意为“会;可能”。

That can’t be Mr. Liu. He is not here at the moment.

那不可能是刘先生。他此刻不在这里

注意:表否定推测时要用can’t,而不能用 mustn’t,may not等。

---Mary must be at school.

玛丽肯定在学校。

---She can't be at school. I saw her in the street just now.

她不可能在学校,刚才我在街上看见她了。

4)表示禁止,意为“不准;禁止”。

You can’t play in the street.

你们不准在街道上玩。

(2)向别人发出邀请、请求,建议或征求别人的意见,还有几种表达方式,语气比较委婉,显得客气而有礼貌。

Let's do sth. 咱们做某事吧

Let’s go shopping

咱们去购物吧

Shall we do sth? 我们做某事好吗?

Shall we go out for a walk?

我们出去散步好吗?

Would you mind(not) doing sth? 你介意(不)做某事吗?

Would you mind closing the door?

你介意关上门吗

How/ What about doing sth? 做某事怎么样?

How about playing basketball?

打篮球怎么样?

You’d better(not) do sth 你最好不要做某事

You'd better not read such books.

你最好不要看这样的书

Why don’t you do sth.?

Why not do sth.?(你)为什么不做某事呢?

Why don't you ask your teacher?

=Why not ask your teacher?

为什么不问你的老师呢?

Would you like (not)to do sth? 你愿意(不)做某事吗?

Would you like to have a rest?

你想休息一会儿吗?

Would/Could you please ( not) do sth? 请你(不要)做某事好吗?

Would you please wait for me?

请你等等我好吗?

B.目的/结果状语从句

Bring Ms. Steen to the party without telling her so that she can be surprised. 在没有告知斯蒂恩女士的前提下,把她带来参加聚会,以便她会感到惊喜。

so that意为“以便;为的是”,此处引导目的状语从句。

I study hard every day so that I can catch up with Tom.

我每天努力学习,以便能赶上汤姆。

Speak louder so that everybody is able to hear you clearly.

大点儿声说,以便每个人都能听清楚你的话。

拓展: so that与 in order to同义,只是前者跟句子,后者跟动词原形

He practices every day so that he can make the soccer team.

=He practices every day in order to make the soccer team.

为了能成为足球队的一员,他每天练习。

由such...that与so...that引导 “如此...以至于...”

基本句型:

such a/an 形容词 单数名词 that

such 形容词 复数名词 that

such 形容词 不可数名词 that

so形容词/副词 that

so 形容词 a/an 单数名词 that

She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much.

=She is so lovely a girl that we love her very much.

她是一个这么可爱的女孩,以至于我们都很喜欢她。

注意:当名词前面有many、much、little、few修饰时,用so而不用such。

We have so much time that we can finish the work very well.

我们有如此多的时间,以至于我们能很好的完成工作。

辨析:so...that与 so that引导目的状语从句

so that: 意为“为了,以便;”,相当于in order that

so...that: 意为”如此...为了...”, so用来修饰形容词或副词,其从句中的谓语动词通常和can,may, should等情态动词连用,而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号.

Liu Hai ran very fast, so that he caught the early bus.

=Liu Hai ran so fast that he could catch the early bus.

为了赶早班车,刘海跑的很快。

so that和so...that引导结果状语从句

1. so that引导结果状语从句时,作“因此;以致;所以”讲。so that与so...that的意思相近,但后者含有表示程度的意思,而前者却没有。

He spoke clearly so that everybody understood him.

他讲得很清楚,所以大家都听懂了。

2. so...that引号结果状语从句时,意为“如此...以至于”。so是副词,用以修饰其后的形容词或副词,说明其程度。so...that句型中的that在口语中常可以省去,其意思不变。

The story was so funny it made everybody laugh.

这个故事太滑稽了,把大家都逗笑了

3.so...that句型中的“so 形容词(或副词)”可以提至句首,以加强语气,但要注意用倒装语序。

So bright was the moon that the flowers were as bright as by day.

在如此明亮的月光下,花儿就像白天一样鲜艳。

五、话题作文

汤姆邀请杰克下周六去他家,但是杰克那天没有空,因此不能赴约。假如你是杰克,请根据提示写一封委婉拒绝汤姆邀请的信,并说明你不能赴约的原因。

提示:study for a test; have a piano lesson; go to the movies.

要求:

1.文章中必须包括所有提示内容,可适当发挥;

2.词数60左右。文章开头结尾已给出,不计入总词数。

Hi Tom,

Thanks for inviting me to your home.I’d love to come, but I’m sorry I can’t visit you on Saturday. I’m not available this weekend. In the morning, I have to study for a test.In the afternoon, I have a piano lesson. In the evening, I am going to the movies with my family. Maybe another time.

Best wishes,

Jack

Unit 10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!

一、短语归纳

go to the party 参加晚会

have a great /good time 玩的开心

stay at home,呆在家

take the bus乘公交车

tomorrow night明天晚上

have a class party 开班级晚会

have a class meeting 开班会

half the class 全班一半人

make some food 做食物

at the party 在晚会上

order food 预定食物

potato chips薯条

be angry with sb.对某人生气

give sb some advice给某人建议/劝告

travel around the world 周游世界

go to college 上大学

make(a lot of)money 挣钱/赚钱

get an education上学/受教育

work hard 努力工作/努力学习

a soccer player 一个足球运动员

keep…to oneself 把…留给自己/独处/避免与人交往

talk to sb.与某人谈话

in life在一生中

in the end 在最后

be angry at/about sth 因某事而生气

make mistakes 弄错/出差错

in the future 在将来

run away逃跑

the first step第一步

in half 成半

solve a problem 解决难题

school clean-up学校大扫除

二、必背句型

①If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!

如果你去参加聚会,你将会玩得很开心!

②I don’t know what to do about going to Mike’s birthday party tomorrow night.

关于明天晚上去参加迈克的生日宴会我不知道该做什么。

③Can you give me some advice please?

能请你给我一些建议吗?

④What do you think I should do?

你认为我应该怎么做?

⑤Unless we talk to someone, we’ll certainly feel worse.

除非我们和某人交谈,否则我们肯定会感觉更糟。

⑥She just kept thinking, “If I tell my parents,they'll be angry!”

她一直在想,“如果我告诉我的父母,他们会生气的!”

⑦Hunt advises students about common problems.

萨特就常见的问题向学生提出建议。

⑧We should always try to solve them.

我们应该经常设法解决它们。

三、知识点讲解

(1)If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time! 如果你去参加聚会,你将会玩得很开心!

if是连词,意思是“假如;如果”,引导条件状语从句。if引导的条件状语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来,而主句用一般将来时,即遵循“主将从现”的原则。

If you’re free, we’ll go shopping next Sunday.

如果你有空,我们下星期天要去购物。

if用作连词,还可意为“是否”,可以引导宾语从句,其同义词为whether。

I don’t know if Tom will come here tomorrow.

我不知道汤姆明天是否会来这里。

(2)I don’t know what to do about going to Mike’s birthday party tomorrow night.

关于明天晚上去参加迈克的生日宴会我不知道该做什么。

what to do“做什么”,为“疑问词 动词不定式”结构。疑问词what, which, when, where, how等,常用于know, tell, wonder,ask, find out,learn等动词或动词短语之后作宾语,构成“疑问词 动词不定式”结构。

(3)Can you give me some advice please? 能请你给我一些建议吗?

advice为名词,其用法如下:

为不可数名词,意为“劝告;建议”,可用some,much,a piece of,pieces of等修饰,不能说an advice或many/a few advices。

a piece of advice 一条建议

two pieces of advice两条建议

表示按照某人的意见做某事,或表示“有关.....的建议”时,用介词on或about,后接名词、代词或“疑问词 不定式”等。

Let’s ask for his advice on what to do next.

我们去征求一下他的意见看下一步该怎么办。

Could you give me some advice about buying a house?

你能不能给我一-些关于买房子的建议?

表示提出建议或忠告,一般用动词give;表示向某人请教或征求意见,一般用动词ask(for);表示接受建议或劝告,一般用动词take/ follow/accept。

He gave us good advice on how to learn English well.

他对怎样学好英语给我们提了很好的建议。

(4)travel around the world 环游世界

辨析:tour, trip, journey, travel

tour指到各地观光考察,中途有停留点,绕行后再回到原出发复的旅行,也用来指观光或商业旅行等。

We toured the stress of Milan.

我们游览了米兰的街道。

trip多指使用任何交通工具的一去一回的短途旅行或指旅行和访问总的情况,可意为“远足”。

On Thursday we went out on a day trip.

星期四我们出去玩了一天。

journey一般指在陆地上进行的长途旅行,常表示所花的时间及所走的路程都相当长,而且有最终不一定要回到原出发地的含义,常蕴涵辛苦的意味。

Life is a pleasant journey.

人生是一次愉快的旅行。

travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行,泛指一切陆上、水上或空中的旅行,尤指到国外的旅行,它无定向的目的地,有到各地游历的意味。它表示具体的旅行时常用复数形式。

She’s traveling around the whole world. 她正在环游全世界。

(5)What do you think I should do? 你认为我应该怎么做?

辨析:shall, should

shall在疑问句中用于征求对方意见,主要用于第一人称(在英式英语中,也用于第三人称),意为“要不要”“...好吗”。

What shall we do this evening?

我们今天晚上做什么呢?

在陈述句中表示说话者的允诺、告诫、命令、规定、必然性等,主要用于第二、三人称。

That day shall come.

那一天一定会来。(表必然性)

Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow.

告诉他这本书明天给他。(表允诺)

should表示义务或责任,也可表示建议或劝告,意为“应该”。

We should learn from each other.

我们应该互相学习。

You should go and ask your teacher.

你应该去问问你的老师。

有时语气较强,含有命令的口吻。

You should leave at once.

你应该马上离开。

(6)Unless we talk to someone, we’ll certainly feel worse.

除非我们和某人交谈,否则我们肯定会感觉更糟。

unless意为“如果不...;除非”,引导条件状语从句,相当于if条件状语从句的否定形式,即unless = if..not。

unless使用注意事项:

unless引导的条件状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句,以及时间状语从句一样,用一般现在时代替一般将来时,主句用一般将来时,即所谓的“主将从现”。

Unless we talk to someone, we’ll certainly feel worse.

除非我们和某人交谈,否则我们肯定会感觉更糟。

unless引导条件状语从句,一般不用于虚拟条件句。

if可以引导条件状语从句或用于非真实(或虚拟)条件句。

If she weren’t so silly, she would understand.

如果她不那么傻,她就会明白了。

(7)She just kept thinking, “If I tell my parents,they'll be angry!” 她一直在想,“如果我告诉我的父母,他们会生气的!”

keep doing意思是“一直在做,持续在做”。keep 的用法如下:

用作系动间,意为“保持(某种状态)”,其后常接形容词作表语。

Please keep quiet/ silent!

请保持安静

用作实义动词,可表示:

1)保管;保存;保留。

Please keep these things for me while I am away.

在我离开期间,请替我保管这些东西。

2)饲养。

I used to keep sheep in my childhood.

我在孩提时常常养羊。

3)经营。

Her father kept a bookshop for several years.

她父亲开了几年书店。

4)坚持;继续。后面如接动词,要用-ing形式作宾语。

If you keep (on) practising your spoken English, you’ll soon make great progress.

如果你坚持练习英语口语,你很快就会取得很大的进步。

5)阻止;阻碍。常用于keep sb./ sth. from doing sth. 结构中,其中介词from不能省略。

The heavy rain didn’t keep them from watching the football match.

大雨没能阻止他们观看足球赛。

6)保持。其后常接复合宾语,表示使(某人或某物)保持某种状态或使某一动作继续。常见句型如下:

keep sb./sth. 介词短语

If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets.

如果你觉得手冷,就把它们放在口袋里。

keep sb./sth. 形容词

These gloves will keep your hands warm.

这些手套保暖好。

keep sb./sth. 副词

The cold weather kept us indoors.

寒冷的天气使我们待在室内。

keep sb./sth. doing 让某人/某物一直做...(强调动作的持续性)

I’m sorry I’ve kept you waiting.

很抱歉,让你久等了

keep sb./sth. 过去分词.让某人/某物一直被....

The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.

班上其他同学都闭着眼睛。

(8)Hunt advises students about common problems. 萨特就常见的问题向学生提出建议。

advise在此处为及物动词,意为“建议”。常见用法如下:

advise doing sth. 建议做某事

He advised leaving early.

他建议早点动身。

advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事

The doctor advised me to take a rest.

医生建议我休息一下。

advise sb. against doing sth. 劝告某人不要做某事

He advised her against going out at nigh.

他劝她晚上不要出去。

advise sb.of sth. 通知或告知某人有某情况

Please advise us of the arrival of the goods.

货物到达时请通知我们。

(9)We should always try to solve them. 我们应该经常设法解决它们。

辨析:solve, answer

solve一般指解决难度较大“难题”,常与problem搭配。

I believe he can solve this problem.

我相信他能解决这个问题。

answer一般指口头回答难度较小的问题,常与question搭配。

Who can answer the question?

谁能回答这个问题?

10.half the class won’t come.一半的同学将不会来。

1) half the class“一半的同学”。Half此处用作形容词,意为“一半的,半个的”,一般放于冠词之前。

Half the workers come from Shandong.

一半的工人来自山东。

【拓展】

①half还可用作名词,意为“半,一半”。其复数形式为halves。

two years and a half

=two and a half years

两年半

②half of…意为“半数的…”,其后的名词或代词若为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;若为复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。

Half of the students are from China.

半数的学生来自中国。

Half of his life lives in the country.

他半辈子住在农村。

2)class此处是集合名词,意为“全班同学”,表示成员。作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。

Half the class come from the village.

一半的学生来自这个村庄。

class班级,表示整体,作主语谓语动词用单数形式:

Our class is in the fourth floor.

我们班在四层

四、专项语法

(一)if引导的条件状语从句

①if意为“如果”,表示正面条件。由if引导的条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。if从句可以放在句首,也可以放在句末。位于句首时,要用逗号隔开。

Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.

如果我们不怕困难,困难就算不了什么。

②当if引导的从句为否定句时,可以用unless转化。

If you don’t work hard, you will fail.

= Unless you work hard ,you will fail.

你若不努力工作,就会失败。

[提醒]if/unless引导条件状语从句的时态问题:

① 在条件状语从句中,若主句时态是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来时。

If it rains, I will stay at home.

如果下雨,我就呆在家里。

I’ll go with you if you don’t want to go alone.

如果你不想一个人去,我会陪你去。

② 如果主句含有must,may,can 等情态动词,从句也用一般现在时。

If you drive fast, you may have an accident.

如果你超速驾驶,就可能会出交通事故。

You must stop if the traffic light is red.

如果红灯亮了,你必须停下来。

③ 如果主句是祈使句,从句也用一般现在时。

Be careful with your homework if you don’t want to make mistakes.

如果你不想出错的话就仔细检查你的作业。

Do not forget water the flower if you want to make it lives long.

如果你想让花活得长一点,就不要忘记给花浇水。

(二)情态动词should的用法

should作为情态动词,与其他情态动词一样,常用来表示说话人对某动作或状态的态度、情感。它虽然有实际的意义,但不可单独作谓语,需与动词原形连用。它没有人称和数的变化,其否定形式为should not,可缩写为shouldn’t。其主要用法如下:

表示“应该,应当”。

You should help your mother with the housework.

你应该帮你妈妈做家务。

Should I wear a coat?

我应该穿件大衣吗?

表示“可能,该(= probably)”。

He should arrive soon.

他可能很快就到了。

My watch should be in your bag.

我的手表可能在你的包里。

表示“竟然”。

It’s strange that he should be late.

真奇怪,他竟然会迟到。

It’s strange that it should be so cold today.

很奇怪,今天竟然这么冷。

用在第一人称疑问句中,表示征求对方意见。

Should I help you with the dinner?

要不要我帮你做晚饭?

What do you think I should do?

你认为我应该做什么?

五、同步写作

假如你们学校计划在本周六下午举办一个英语聚会,作为学生会主席的你需要制定一些规则(至少三条),同时写明如果违反这些规则,会有什么样的后果。要求:70~80词。

We're going to have an English party on Saturday afternoon.Please remember the following rules. Don't bring food to the party.If you do,we will take it away. Please bring your ID card.If you don't have it,we won't let you in. If you bring friends to the party,you'll have to write down their names. Don't speak Chinese at the party!If you do,you will have to leave.

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