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matplotlib散点图怎么画(使用matplotlib中scatter方法画散点图)

更多 时间:2021-11-05 14:01:17 类别:脚本大全 浏览量:116

matplotlib散点图怎么画

使用matplotlib中scatter方法画散点图

本文实例为大家分享了用matplotlib中scatter方法画散点图的具体代码,供大家参考,具体内容如下

1、最简单的绘制方式

绘制散点图是数据分析过程中的常见需求。python中最有名的画图工具是matplotlib,matplotlib中的scatter方法可以方便实现画散点图的需求。下面我们来绘制一个最简单的散点图。

数据格式如下:

0   746403
1   1263043
2   982360
3   1202602
...

其中第一列为x坐标,第二列为y坐标。下面我们来画图。

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  • #!/usr/bin/env python
  • #coding:utf-8
  •  
  • import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  •  
  • def pltpicture():
  •  file = "xxx"                                     
  •  xlist = []
  •  ylist = []
  •  with open(file, "r") as f:
  •   for line in f.readlines():
  •    lines = line.strip().split()
  •    if len(lines) != 2 or int(lines[1]) < 100000:
  •     continue
  •    x, y = int(lines[0]), int(lines[1])
  •    xlist.append(x)
  •    ylist.append(y)
  •  
  •  plt.xlabel('x')
  •  plt.ylabel('y')
  •  plt.scatter(xlist, ylist)
  •  plt.show()
  • matplotlib散点图怎么画(使用matplotlib中scatter方法画散点图)

    2、更漂亮一些的画图方式

    上面的图片比较粗糙,是最简单的方式,没有任何相关的配置项。下面我们再用另外一份数据集画出更漂亮一点的图。
    数据集来自网络的公开数据集,数据格式如下:

    40920   8.326976    0.953952    3
    14488   7.153469    1.673904    2
    26052   1.441871    0.805124    1
    75136   13.147394   0.428964    1
    ...

    第一列每年获得的飞行常客里程数;
    第二列玩视频游戏所耗时间百分比;
    第三列每周消费的冰淇淋公升数;
    第四列为label:
    1表示不喜欢的人
    2表示魅力一般的人
    3表示极具魅力的人

    现在将每年获取的飞行里程数作为x坐标,玩视频游戏所消耗的事件百分比作为y坐标,画出图。

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  • from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
  •  
  • file = "/home/mi/wanglei/data/datingtestset2.txt"
  • label1x, label1y, label2x, label2y, label3x, label3y = [], [], [], [], [], []
  •  
  • with open(file, "r") as f:
  •  for line in f:
  •   lines = line.strip().split()
  •   if len(lines) != 4:
  •    continue
  •   distance, rate, label = lines[0], lines[1], lines[3]
  •   if label == "1":
  •    label1x.append(distance)
  •    label1y.append(rate)
  •  
  •   elif label == "2":
  •    label2x.append(distance)
  •    label2y.append(rate)
  •  
  •   elif label == "3":
  •    label3x.append(distance)
  •    label3y.append(rate)
  •  
  • plt.figure(figsize=(8, 5), dpi=80)
  • axes = plt.subplot(111)
  •  
  • label1 = axes.scatter(label1x, label1y, s=20, c="red")
  • label2 = axes.scatter(label2x, label2y, s=40, c="green")
  • label3 = axes.scatter(label3x, label3y, s=50, c="blue")
  •  
  • plt.xlabel("every year fly distance")
  • plt.ylabel("play video game rate")
  • axes.legend((label1, label2, label3), ("don't like", "attraction common", "attraction perfect"), loc=2)
  •  
  • plt.show()
  • 最后效果图:

    matplotlib散点图怎么画(使用matplotlib中scatter方法画散点图)

    3、scatter函数详解

    我们来看看scatter函数的签名:

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  • def scatter(self, x, y, s=none, c=none, marker=none, cmap=none, norm=none,
  •     vmin=none, vmax=none, alpha=none, linewidths=none,
  •     verts=none, edgecolors=none,
  •     **kwargs):
  •   """
  •   make a scatter plot of `x` vs `y`
  •  
  •   marker size is scaled by `s` and marker color is mapped to `c`
  •  
  •   parameters
  •   ----------
  •   x, y : array_like, shape (n, )
  •    input data
  •  
  •   s : scalar or array_like, shape (n, ), optional
  •    size in points^2. default is `rcparams['lines.markersize'] ** 2`.
  •  
  •   c : color, sequence, or sequence of color, optional, default: 'b'
  •    `c` can be a single color format string, or a sequence of color
  •    specifications of length `n`, or a sequence of `n` numbers to be
  •    mapped to colors using the `cmap` and `norm` specified via kwargs
  •    (see below). note that `c` should not be a single numeric rgb or
  •    rgba sequence because that is indistinguishable from an array of
  •    values to be colormapped. `c` can be a 2-d array in which the
  •    rows are rgb or rgba, however, including the case of a single
  •    row to specify the same color for all points.
  •  
  •   marker : `~matplotlib.markers.markerstyle`, optional, default: 'o'
  •    see `~matplotlib.markers` for more information on the different
  •    styles of markers scatter supports. `marker` can be either
  •    an instance of the class or the text shorthand for a particular
  •    marker.
  •  
  •   cmap : `~matplotlib.colors.colormap`, optional, default: none
  •    a `~matplotlib.colors.colormap` instance or registered name.
  •    `cmap` is only used if `c` is an array of floats. if none,
  •    defaults to rc `image.cmap`.
  •  
  •   norm : `~matplotlib.colors.normalize`, optional, default: none
  •    a `~matplotlib.colors.normalize` instance is used to scale
  •    luminance data to 0, 1. `norm` is only used if `c` is an array of
  •    floats. if `none`, use the default :func:`normalize`.
  •  
  •   vmin, vmax : scalar, optional, default: none
  •    `vmin` and `vmax` are used in conjunction with `norm` to normalize
  •    luminance data. if either are `none`, the min and max of the
  •    color array is used. note if you pass a `norm` instance, your
  •    settings for `vmin` and `vmax` will be ignored.
  •  
  •   alpha : scalar, optional, default: none
  •    the alpha blending value, between 0 (transparent) and 1 (opaque)
  •  
  •   linewidths : scalar or array_like, optional, default: none
  •    if none, defaults to (lines.linewidth,).
  •  
  •   verts : sequence of (x, y), optional
  •    if `marker` is none, these vertices will be used to
  •    construct the marker. the center of the marker is located
  •    at (0,0) in normalized units. the overall marker is rescaled
  •    by ``s``.
  •  
  •   edgecolors : color or sequence of color, optional, default: none
  •    if none, defaults to 'face'
  •  
  •    if 'face', the edge color will always be the same as
  •    the face color.
  •  
  •    if it is 'none', the patch boundary will not
  •    be drawn.
  •  
  •    for non-filled markers, the `edgecolors` kwarg
  •    is ignored and forced to 'face' internally.
  •  
  •   returns
  •   -------
  •   paths : `~matplotlib.collections.pathcollection`
  •  
  •   other parameters
  •   ----------------
  •   kwargs : `~matplotlib.collections.collection` properties
  •  
  •   see also
  •   --------
  •   plot : to plot scatter plots when markers are identical in size and
  •    color
  •  
  •   notes
  •   -----
  •  
  •   * the `plot` function will be faster for scatterplots where markers
  •    don't vary in size or color.
  •  
  •   * any or all of `x`, `y`, `s`, and `c` may be masked arrays, in which
  •    case all masks will be combined and only unmasked points will be
  •    plotted.
  •  
  •    fundamentally, scatter works with 1-d arrays; `x`, `y`, `s`, and `c`
  •    may be input as 2-d arrays, but within scatter they will be
  •    flattened. the exception is `c`, which will be flattened only if its
  •    size matches the size of `x` and `y`.
  •  
  •   examples
  •   --------
  •   .. plot:: mpl_examples/shapes_and_collections/scatter_demo.py
  •  
  •   """
  • 其中具体的参数含义如下:

    x,y是相同长度的数组。
    s可以是标量,或者与x,y长度相同的数组,表明散点的大小。默认为20。
    c即color,表示点的颜色。
    marker 是散点的形状。

    以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持开心学习网。

    原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/bitcarmanlee/article/details/82707335