抑郁症自我治愈的一封信(每日外刊念你可成疾)
背景知识
我们中的大多数人都可能会经历亲人离世,这是一种可悲的生活现实。全世界每年有5000~5500万人死亡,据估计,每当有一人死亡,就会有五人丧失亲人。痛失亲人的体验通常会引起一系列的社会心理反应,如社交活动的退避、对悲痛的沉浸、对自我角色定位的困惑,以及孤独感的爆发。在丧亲之痛的应激阶段,这些悲伤反应总是吞噬一切,让人极度痛苦,深深受伤。它让丧亲之人觉得对逝者的爱仿佛突然失去了实体对象,而徒留一种强烈的空虚感。值得庆幸的是,从长远来看,大多数情况下,大多数人有足够的能力来适应失去所爱之后的生活。他们未必能从失去中“重新振作”,但至少学会了面对。遗憾的是,这种可能并不适用于所有人。越来越多的精神病学和心理学研究表明,相当一部分人(大约十分之一)并无法从悲痛中恢复过来。与之相反,他们的应激反应所持续时间相对较长,会导致社交、心理和生理各方面的问题。
正文阅读
How Long Should It Take to Grieve ? Psychiatry Has Come Up With an Answer.
念你可成疾:多久可以走出悲伤?精神病学告诉你答案。
After more than a decade of argument, psychiatry’s most powerful body in the United States added a new disorder this week to its diagnostic manual : prolonged grief . The decision marks an end to a long debate within the field of mental health , steering researchers and clinicians to view intense grief as a target for medical treatment, at a moment when many Americans are overwhelmed by loss. The new diagnosis, prolonged grief disorder, was designed to apply to a narrow slice of the population who are incapacitated , pining and ruminating a year after a loss, and unable to return to previous activities.
经过十多年的争论,美国最具影响力的精神病学机构本周在其诊断手册中增加了一种新的疾病:延长哀伤障碍。这一决定标志着心理健康领域内一场旷日持久的争论的结束,引导研究人员和临床医生将强烈的悲伤视为治疗的目标,而此时许多美国人正为失去而不堪重负。新的诊断是延长悲伤障碍,旨在适用于一小部分人,他们在失去至亲一年后不能正常生活,因伤心而憔悴,陷入沉思,无法回到以前的生活活动中。
Its inclusion in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders means that clinicians can now bill insurance companies for treating people for the condition. It will most likely open a stream of funding for research into treatments — naltrexone, a drug used to help treat addiction, is currently in clinical trials as a form of grief therapy — and set off a competition for approval of medicines by the Food and Drug Administration.
它被纳入《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》,意味着临床医生现在可以向保险公司收取治疗患者的费用。它很可能会为治疗方法的研究打开一条资金流(纳曲酮是一种帮助治疗成瘾的药物,目前正作为一种治疗药物进行临床试验),并引发了食品和药物管理局对药品批准的竞争。
Since the 1990s, a number of researchers have argued that intense forms of grief should be classified as a mental illness, saying that society tends to accept the suffering of bereaved people as natural and that it fails to steer them toward treatment that could help. A diagnosis, they hope, will allow clinicians to aid a part of the population that has, throughout history, withdrawn into isolation after terrible losses.
自20世纪90年代以来,许多研究人员一直认为,强烈形式的悲伤应该被归类为一种精神疾病,他们表示,社会倾向于把丧失至亲之人的痛苦视为自然,而没有引导他们寻求或许有帮助的治疗。他们希望,这项诊断将使临床医生能够帮助一部分人,这些人在过去经历了可怕的失去感后,陷入孤立状态。
今日单词
- grieve /ɡriːv/ vi. 感到悲痛;使伤心;
- psychiatry /saɪˈkaɪətri/ n. 精神病学,精神病治疗学;
- come up with 找出;提出;
- disorder /dɪsˈɔːrdər/ n. 失调;紊乱;不适;疾病;
- diagnostic manual 诊断手册;
- prolonged /prəˈlɔːŋd/ adj.长期的,持续很久的;
- grief /ɡriːf/ n. 悲伤,悲痛,伤心;
- debate /dɪˈbeɪt/ n. 争论,辩论,讨论;
- mental health 心理健康;
- steer /stɪr/ vt. 控制;引导;
- intense /ɪnˈtens/ adj. 强烈的;
- overwhelmed /ˌoʊvərˈwelmd/ adj. 被压倒的,被淹没的;(强烈地影响而使) 不知所措的;
- apply to 适用于,应用于;
- slice/slaɪs/ n. 部分;份额;
- incapacitate /ˌɪnkəˈpæsɪteɪt/ vt. 使丧失能力,使不能正常活动;
- pine /paɪn/ vi.(因伤心)消瘦;憔悴;
- ruminate /ˈruːmɪneɪt/ vi. 反刍,沉思;
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 《精神疾病诊断和统计手册》(DSM);
- clinician /klɪˈnɪʃn/ n. 临床医生;
- bill sb. for sth. 要求付款;
- insurance company 保险公司;
- condition /kənˈdɪʃn/ n. (因不可能治愈而长期患有的)疾病;
- a stream of 一连串,大量;
- naltrexone /nælˈtrekson/ n. 纳曲酮(麻醉药拮抗药);
- addiction /əˈdɪkʃn/ n. 瘾;入迷;嗜好;
- clinical trial 临床试验;
- set off 引起,引发;
- be classified as 被归类为;
- suffering /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/ n. 痛苦;折磨;苦难;
- bereaved /bɪˈriːvd/ adj. 丧失亲友的;
- withdraw into 退缩到…;退入…;
- isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃn/ n. 孤立;孤独;
素材来源
文本选自:The New York Times(纽约时报)
作者:Ellen Barry
原文发布时间:20 Mar. 2022
每日美句
It's never too late to mend.
过而能改,善莫大焉;亡羊补牢,犹未晚也。
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