语法填空题型详解（语法填空答题规律）

一、命题揭秘

材料短文特点

(1)短文体裁：近三年都是记叙文。建议：备考练习不局限于此，应各种体裁的文章都要练习。

(2)短文题材：生活经历或成语故事，其内容或体现文化内涵，或给人心灵以启迪等。

(3)短文难度：没有超出课标的生词，但有课标单词的派生词。

(4)短文长度：170——200词。

考试大纲说明

阅读下面短文, 按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求, 在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空, 并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31~40的相应位置上.

近四年广东语法填空考点分布情况

知识点分布

动词（含非谓语）

形容词

连词

介词

代词

冠词

名词

2009

3

0

1

2

2

1

1

2010

2

3

2

1

1

1

0

2011

2

2

2

1

2

1

0

2012

2

2

3

1

1

1

0

2009年语法填空

本文讲叙Jane在圣诞节给父亲选礼物，因往年送父亲领带不能使父亲高兴，满以为这次买烟斗送父亲会让父亲高兴的，买回来后却被告知父亲戒烟了。

Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult 31 was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. She wished that he was as easy 32 (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.

31. it。在宾语从句中作形式主语，真正的主语是to choose…。

32. to please。在形容词后作状语，只能用动词不定式，且用主动形式表示被动含义。

Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not 33 pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or 34 (push) you with their elbows (肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.

Jane paused in front of a counter 35 some attractive ties were on display. “They are real silk,” the assistant tried to attract her. “Worth double the price.” But Jane knew from past experience that her 36 (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.

33. a。表示“一次”愉快的经历。

34. pushed。与stepped并列，也用一般过去时。

35. where。因两句之间没有连词，必定是填连接性词语；后句是定语从句，要填的词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。

36. choice。在形容词性物主代词后一定是用名词形式。

Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes 37 sale. She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please 38 .

When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already 39 table having supper. Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane 40 (inform).

37. on。因表示“出售”的on sale是固定搭配。

38. him。给父亲买礼物，根据常识应是使父亲高兴，代替“父亲”，作宾语用人称代词宾格。please him 使他高兴。

39. at。名词(table)在句中不作主语，也不作动词的宾语，很可能就是作介词的宾语；由having supper可知，填at；因为at table表示“在餐桌边，在进餐”，也是习惯搭配。

40. was informed。因Jane与inform是被动关系，又是一般过去时,故用一般过去时的被动语态。

2008年语法填空

Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people’s daily life. 31 these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.

31. Behind。指“在中国的这些成语故事的背后常常有有趣的故事”，表示“在……之后”，用介词behind。

32. to help。因“帮助禾苗长”是“将禾苗拔高”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式。

It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help 33 rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about 34 day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected.

One day, he came up with an idea 35 he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day.

33. his。由his crop, the crop可知，此处填限定词；这个急性子人当然是急于使他自己的禾苗长得快，故填his。

34. it/this。代替前文中的(how) to help his crop grow up quickly。

35. that。引导同位语从句，说明idea的具体内容，名词性从句的结构和意义已非常完整，故用that引导。

He was very tired 36 doing this for a whole day, 37 he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 38 (high).

His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither.

36. after /from。因“他感到很累”应是“在他做了一整天事之后”，表示“在……之后”，动名词前面用介词after；另外be tired from doing(因做某事而累)是固定搭配，故也可填from。

37. but。因very happy与前面的very tired是转折关系，而这两句之间是逗号且没有连词，故填连词but。

38. higher。指比他pluck up a few inches之前“长”得更高了，这是省略了than before的隐性的比较级。

This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39 (nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40 (result) in the contrary to our intention.

39. natural。在名词course前作定语，要用形容词。

40. results。此句Being too anxious to help an event develop是动名词短语作主语，result应是谓语动词，应当考虑的是它的时态；“急于求成，往往会事与愿违”是客观真理，应当用一般现在时；动名词作主语，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填results。

2012年语法填空

Mary will ever forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, __16_( wear ) sun glasses. He walked in as if he __17___( buy ) the school , And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City .

16. wearing 17. had bought

For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt __18 _ ( please ), because there were many empty seats in the room. But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in __19___last row.

18. pleased 19. the

_ 20__ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back ,he was wrong . It might have made it a little __21__( hard ) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around ,but that didn’t stop the kids in the class. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary,_22_made her feel like a star .

20. If 21. harder 22.which

“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons ?” the teacher asked .The new boy shook his head.” Then I’d appreciate it if you didn’t wear them in class. I like to look at your eyes when I’m speaking to you.” The new boy looked at the teacher __23__ a few seconds and all the other students wondered __24__ the boy would do .Then he took __25_ off, gave a big smile and said “That is cool."

23.for 24.what 25.them

16. wearing 17. had bought 18.pleased 19. the 20. If

21. harder 22.which 23.for 24.what 25.them

考点设置

就命题形式而言，纯空格题设6—7个小题；用括号中所给词的适当形式填空设3—4个小题。

特别说明：

各类从句的“引导词”，如引导名词性从句的连接代词、连接副词、连词(whether, if, that)，引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词，引导状语从句的从属连词，以及连接并列句的并列连词，都被称为“连接词”。

理由是：

1.从功能上讲，都有连接句子与句子的作用；

2.从这类试题的解题方法上看，判断的方式也是相同的。

我们就语法填空的复习重点和应关注的冷点，归纳提示如下：

(1)近三年来，“纯空格题”只考了冠词、介词、代词和连接词以及功能性结构副词等四类词；“用括号中所给词的适当形式填空”考了谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级、词类转换等。

(2)介词、连接词、动词每年都有两道小题，由此可见，这是考查的重点，也是复习训练的重点。

(3)冠词：在三年中有两年都是考查不定冠词的最基本的用法，表示“一个(次/本…)”，这无疑是复习和训练的重点，但也要关注不定冠词的其他用法，同时注意定冠词的基本用法。

(4)代词：三年来主要考查了在句中作宾语的人称代词宾语、只能在名词前作定语的形容词性物主代词、it的用法和不定代词。备考中，除重点关注已考的热点外，也不要忽视反身代词和疑问代词。

(5)连接词：三年来考查了引导宾语从句的连接代词who、引导同位语从句的that、引导定语从句的关系副词where(三年考了两年)、表示转折的并列连词but，这些仍是复习的重点；备考中，要训练名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句；状语从句、定语从句的连接词。

如何判断名词性从句？

规律：

可以从从句所处的位置判断是主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句还是表语从句。

注意：名词性从句中如果缺少主语、宾语 或 表语时常填 what; (whatever) ; who (whoever)

(6)动词：时态重点考查一般过去时和一般现在时，也要留意一般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时等各种时态。语态只考查了一般过去时的被动语态，一般现在时和一般将来时的被动语态值得重视。

非谓语动词重复考的是不定式作状语，过去分词、动词-ing形式。

(7)词类转换：主要考查各类词在句中的最基本用法：作主语和宾语用名词，作定语、表语、补语用形容词，做状语要用副词。懂得了这些基本用法之后，就是要掌握构词法的基本知识，将其合理转换。

特别提醒：

(1)在纯空格题中，没有要求根据上下文填写名词、动词、拼写较长的形容词和副词。其原因有二：一是根据语境推测出要填哪一个名词、动词、形容词或副词，这正好是完形填空要考查的内容，若在语法填空中考查，是越权，是多管闲事；二是“语法填空”顾名思义是考语法，而根据语境填这四类词同语法规则关系不大，与“语法填空”名不符实。

不过，less, more, most，much, few，fewer, fewest等词是可能在纯空格类题中考查的，因为这涉及到语法——比较等级。so, therefore, however等词虽然也是副词但它们属于功能结构性副词。

(2)倒装句中的助动词和强调谓语动词的助动词(do, does, did)，以及强调结构中的it和that等都可能在纯空格题中进行考查，这主要是考查对由“it is ….that…” 引出的几种从句的的辨析能力；名词的数或所有格（至今未考过）也可能在“用括号中词语的正确形式填空”中进行考查，千万不可忽视。

答案特点

(1)纯空格题：试题要求中已明文规定“在空格处填入一个适当的词”，即一个小题或者一个空格只能填一个单词。五年高考题的答案印证了这一点。

(2)用括号中所给词的适当形式填空：试题中要求“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”，这个词的“正确形式”，不可以出现所给词以外的其它词。究竟由几个单词组成？没有规定，五年高考题的答案是填一个或两个单词。2009年有两个小题需要填两个单词，一个是不定式，一个是被动语态。

(3)要求填的词(即答案)都是一些拼写简单的单词，平均每词约4-6个字母。

(4)三年中有两年各有一小题所填词位于句首，此时第一个字母要注意大写。

特别提醒

尽管近五年高考中“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”的答案只填一个或两个单词，但是我们在平时的训练中应当不局限于此，要训练填一个、两个或多个单词的情况。非谓语动词中，带to的不定式、现在分词的完成式都可能填两个单词；谓语动词的将来时、进行时和完成时等也都可能填两个单词，而现在完成进行时等就可能填三个单词，被动语态至少都要填两个单词。

二、解题揭秘

三个解题步骤

(1)通读全文，了解大意。步骤：概读理解 – 分析填空 – 连贯检查

既然是利用语篇在语境中考语法，那么，我们在解题前，应快速浏览短文，了解全文大意，这一步非常重要。

（2）分析思路

词法——句法——篇章——惯用法

(3)试填空格，后难先易。

读懂短文之后，要结合短文所提供的特定的语境(也就是上下文)，从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性，再根据句子的意义，以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。具体方法，请看以下“解题思路大全”。

(4)重读全文，解决难题。

在解题过程中要先易后难，难题在大部分空格填好后，再经过仔细推敲，难题也就不会再难了。所有空格填好后，把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。

（5）通读全文,理解大意；检查搭配, 前后连贯；根据篇章, 确定语义；分析句子,确定词性；

语法填空的答题过程归根到底其实就是寻找依据．每一个语法填空的空格里所需的单词或短语其实都可以在所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依据。

解题思路大全

中文误导错常见，定势思维分要减。

插入成分要分清，句型信息更关键。

妙诀赠君记心间，是否有效靠多练。

题型分析过了关，百三百四只等闲。

三、答题思路

(1)纯空格试题。

首先，分析句子结构确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。

我们知道，语法填空空格在形式上主要有二种类型：

(1)纯空格题（无提示词）：通常考——冠词、代词(形容词性物主代词、人称代词、不定代词、指示代词、反身代词 )、介词、和连词、从句引导词。

(2)用括号中所给词填空：通常考——谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致、.非谓语动词、词类转换等。

两个分句结构连接,考查语法点: 各类复合句中连词,引导词的用法

1.…The exam, ________was originally to be held in our classroom, was changed to the library at the last minute.(08广州二模)

2…the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away ________there was a garage. (2007广东高考)

3. It is such an important issue ______ we couldn’t afford to ignore. (08仲元）

4. We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of ________ are healthy.

（08茂名二模）

which where as whom

四、具体分析方法

（一）纯空格题

1、缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词(多考代词)。

[例1] I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and __38_ gets there almost in a second. (茂名一模)

解析：and连接前后两个句子，and后面的句子缺主语，应填名词或代词；结合前一分句，不难推知，“马上可到达那里”的是the message，替代the message用代词it。

2、名词前是空格，若该名词前没有限定词，很可能是填冠词his, their等形容词性物主代词，或some, any, other(s), another等限定词。

[例2] It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960—1279) was very anxious to help __33 rice crop grow up quickly. (2008年广东高考)

解析：名词rice crop前还没有限定词，应当填限定词；根据句意，这个急性子人当然是急于使“他的”禾苗长得快，故填形容词性物主代词his。

[例3] …the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to__35_small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage. (2007年广东高考)

解析：因单数可数名词town前还没有限定词，应填限定词；根据句意，是指将车拉到离那里大约有20公里远的一个小镇上去修理，表示“一个”，用不定冠词，故填a。

3、名词或代词前面是空格，而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语时，很可能是填介词。

[例4] The little boy pulled [33]________ right hand out of the pocket … （his）

[例5] … who should have the honour of receiving me 33 a guest in their house. (2007年广东高考)

解析：因a guest在句中不作主语、表语、动词的宾语，前面一定是填介词，使其成为该介词的宾语；又由句意可知，他们“把我当作客人”来接待，表示“当作”，用介词as。

4、若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。

[例6] …two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso 34 Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.

解析：因与Pablo Picasso (毕加索)与Candido Portinari (坎迪多•波尔蒂纳里)这两个名词之间没有连词，一定是填连词；两者是并列关系，应填and。

[例7] …all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me 36 almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. (2008年深圳一模)

解析：因melted me和gave me两个动宾短语之间没有连词，一定是填连词；两者是并列关系，故填and。

5、若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连接词。

[例8] I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days 32 I was to return to Guangzhou. (2008年广州一模)

解析：因I wanted to…是一个句子，I was to return…也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间的逻辑关系，可知“参观这个城市的尽可能多的地方”应是在“返回广州”之前，故填before。

[例9] He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, 37 he felt very happy… (2008年广东高考)

解析：因He was very tired…是一个句子，he felt very happy…也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系，可知“干了一整天活累极了”与“感到非常高兴”是转折关系，故填but。

6、若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。

[例10 What is acceptable in one country 31 be considered extremely rude in another. (珠三角五校联考)

解析：句中What is acceptable in one country是主语从句，空格后的be considered是谓语；因其中的be是原形，故空格处必定是填情态动词或助动词does(由语境可知是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数)；由句意及作者的语气可知，需填表示“可能”的情态动词may。

[例11] He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he ________ bring home a regular salary.

解析：这是一个由but连接的并列句，由前一分句的谓语动词had是一般过去时可知，后一分句的谓语动词bring也应用一般过去时；可是，bring却用的是原形，既与语境的时态不符，也与主语he不一致，该句不是倒装句，因此，此处必定是填情态动词或表示强调的助动词did；由句意和作者的语气推测，应当填对谓语动词表示强调的助动词did(的确)。

7、若缺状语，一定是填副词(在纯空中考的可能性不大)。（例句略）

8、由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。

(1)由it is…that…强调结构形式，判断填it还是that。

[例12] …and 40 was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG (味精)! (广州一模)

解析：由句式结构可知，本句为强调句，应填it。

(2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，还是填do, does, did等。

[例13] _______with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.

解析：由can you expect to…可知，这是倒装句，根据构成倒装的条件可知，应填副词only，因为“only 状语(with hard work)”放在句首，句子要用倒装。

(3)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填it。如：

[例14] …as 32 took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists… (2008年佛山二模)

解析：由句式结构可知，这是it takes, sb. some time to do sth.句型，本句的不定式to steal paintings是真正的主语，空格处填形式主语it。

[例15] Dating sites also make 36 easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (2008年惠州二模)

解析：由句式结构可知，to avoid…是真正的宾语，easy是宾补，空格处应填作形式宾语的it。

(4)so /such…that…句型。如：

[例16] This made the goat so jealous___34___it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey. (2007年惠州二模)

解析：由句式结构可知，这是so…that…句型，应填that。

(5)more…than… (与其说……不如说……，比……更……)句型。

[例17] Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares 40 how much he pays. (深圳宝安期末)

解析：由句式结构可知，这是more…than…句型，故填that。句意是与经理所给的报酬相比，雇员更铭记于心的是他的关心。

(二)给出了动词的试题。

1、动词不在主语或宾语的位置

首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。

若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。

[例18] His fear of failure ____36____(keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. (2008年深圳一模)

解析：因主语His fear of failure后没有别的谓语动词，需填的动词应为谓语动词；因主语与keep是主动关系，应用主动语态；由从句谓语动词played可知，要用一般过去时，故填kept。

[例19] That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, 40 (close) my book and walked away. (2008年广州一模)

解析：虽然句中已有谓语动词declined，但由and walked可知，所填词与declined和walked是并列关系，所以也用一般过去式closed。

[例20] In Logan, three people __38__ (take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. (梅州二模)

解析：因主语three people与take是被动关系，即三个人被送进医院，故用被动语态；由were treated可知，要用一般过去时，故填were taken。

若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用—ing形式、—ed形式，还是用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有：

2、作主语或宾语，通常用—ing形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。

[例21] …but it is not enough only 35 (memorize) rules from a grammar book. (佛山一模)

解析：因it是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填to memorize。

[例20] _______ (speak) out your inner feeling won’t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…

解析：句中已有谓语won’t make，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填Speaking。

3、作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。如：

[例22] _______ (complete) the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.

解析：因句中已有谓语will have to work，所以complete应为非谓语动词；因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填To complete。

[例23] Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely ___33 (succeed). (2008年佛山一模)

解析：因在形容词likely后作状语，要用动词不定式，故填to succeed。

4、作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，是被动关系，用过去分词。这样的题一般要特别注意空格前的逗号。

[例24] He saw the stone, 37 (say) to himself: “The night will be very dark.” (2008年东莞一模)

解析：句中已有谓语saw，所给动词与saw不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动词；又因He与say是主动关系，故填saying作伴随状语。

[例25] The headmaster went into the lab, ________ (follow) by the foreign guests.

解析：句中已有谓语went，而follow又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因the headmaster与follow是被动关系，故用过去分词作伴随状语。

5、不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分，若判断需要用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系用—ing形式，是被动关系用—ed形式。

[例26] There will be a meeting, __40__ (start) later this year to review the film. (2008年广州二模)

解析：因a meeting与start是主动关系，用现在分词短语作定语，补充说明a meeting，故填starting。

[例27] Lessons 39 (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. (广东考试说明)

解析：因句中已有谓语can help，所以learn应为非谓语动词；又因lesson与learn是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作定语，故填learned。

特别提醒

有时给出的动词可能既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词，而是要求词类转换。如：

[例28] But Jane knew from past experience that her ___36___ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. (2009年广东)

分析：括号中所给词choose虽然是动词，但在句中作主语，且在形容词性物主代词后，应当填choose的名词形式choice。

(三)词类转换题

根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。

①作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。如：

[例29] The youngster immediately fell ________ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.

解析：因在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，故填silent。

[例30] In a ________ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to…

解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填dangerous。

[例31] Teachers must try their best to make most of their students ________ (interest) in the subject.

解析：因所填词在句中作宾语most of their students的补足语，用形容词；表示“感兴趣”，填interested。

②作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。

[例30] When China’s ancient scientific and technological ________ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions.

解析：在时间状语从句中，要求填的词作主语，China’s ancient scientific and technological是主语的定语；作主语要用名词，又由are可知，主语是复数，故填achievements。

[例31] These people have made great __39 (contribute) to China with their work. (茂名二模)

解析：在句中作及物动词have made的宾语，要用名词形式；表示作贡献，其前面没有不定冠词时，习惯上用复数，故填contributions。

③在形容词性物主代词后，或者在“冠词( 形容词)”后，用名词形式。如：

[例32] …the remains date from this period because of their __38__ (similar) to those found elsewhere. (2008年广州二模)

解析：在形容词性物代词(their)后应当用名词，故填similarities。

[例33] With the large numbers of students, the ________ (operate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.

解析：在冠词后，要用名词，故填operation。

④修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。如：

[例34] As I looked 32 (close) at this girl, I fount that… (2008年深圳一模)

解析：修饰动词looked，作状语，用副词，故填closely。

[例35] There must be something 40 (serious) wrong with our society. (2008潮州期末)

解析：要求填的词修饰形容词wrong，作状语，用副词，故填seriously。

[例36] Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet 33 (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time… (2008年惠州三模)

解析：修饰because引导的原因状语从句，修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词，故填mainly。

⑤有可能是词义转换题，词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un—, im—等，在词根后加—less等。如：

[例37] People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is ________ (use).

解析：作表语要用形容词；又由句意可知，作者是表达“没有什么知识是无用的”，故填useless。

[例38] Your mistake caused a lot of ________ (necessary) work in the office.

解析：在名词前作定语，仍用形容词形式；但根据句意，“错误引起了许多不必要的麻烦事”，故填unnecessary。

⑥括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比较等级。

[例39] …there was a lot of information about the city’s well-known tourist 34 (attract)… (2008年广州一模)

解析：尽管attract是动词，但这是考查词类转换的；在句中作介词about的宾语，用名词，故填attractions。

[例40] The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could…He jumped even __36_ (hard) and finally made himself out. (2008年期末)

解析：联系前句，又有even(更加)的提示，可知这里用比较级，故填harder。

四、点睛技巧

语法填空要求考生阅读一篇短文，然后按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求完成10道语法填空题。做题要求：一是在空格处填入适当的词；二是使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

1．语法填空的考查范围

(1)语境测试(上下文)；

(2)语法测试：动词、名词、代词、冠词、介词、固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级与最高级及构词法、倒装等。

①动词：时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词等；

②引导词：一些从句的使用， 如定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等；

③形容词、副词、名词、动词之间的词型、词性转换， 形容词与副词的比较级、最高级等；

④介词：一些常用介词的基本用法、介词短语的用法；

⑤名词、冠词：注意名词的单数、复数、可数、不可数以及冠词的特殊性用法；

⑥代词：注意代词所指代的对象和前后对应的关系；

⑦并列词：and, so, or, otherwise等表示并列、对比的词，以及表示承接、转折的副词therefore, however的用法；

⑧句型：要求归纳整理， 并且牢固掌握一些基本常用句型， 如： not...until...; not only...but (also)．..; so...that...; not...but...; as...as...; either...or...；more...than...; neither...nor...；such...that...；hardly...when...; no sooner...than...等。

2．语法填空的能力要求

(1)阅读/理解语篇的能力；

(2)分析句子结构的能力；

(3)熟练运用语法的能力；

(4)单词拼写能力。

3. 态度要求

• 不断记忆，积累词汇

• 夯实基础，学好语法

• 大声朗读，培养语感

• 坚持不懈，多做练习

专题一　记叙文型语法填空

专题导读

记叙文体裁主要是记人、叙事、写景、状物一类的文章，是常见的文体。在语法填空篇章中，其语言特点有：

1．以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅。合理使用丰富多彩的谓语动词时态，使文章所叙述的动作具有层次感和立体感。

2．广泛使用动态动词。这些动词的存在会使文章充满“动感”，而这种让往事历历在目的“动感”正是优秀的记叙文所要追求的效果。

[2011•广东卷]

One Sunday morning in August I went to a local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment __1__ (late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me __2__ the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man __3__ (sit) at the front. He__4__ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. He must be__5__ (mental) disabled.

Behind him were other people to__6__he was trying to talk, but after some minutes__7__ walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.

I didn't want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn't like leaving him__8__ his own either.

After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had__9__ amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.

I'm glad I made the choice. It made__10__ of us feel good.

1．____　2.____　3._____4.______

5．____6._____　7.______　8._____9．________　10.________

【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“我”的一次坐车经历：在公交车上遇到一个好像是弱智的人，其他人都躲开了，而“我”走近了他，和他聊起来，一路上“我”俩都很高兴。

1．later　考查副词的用法。我离开得较早因为那天晚些时候我有个约会。

2．till/until　考查状语从句的连接词。我的朋友一直陪我直到公共汽车来。

3．sitting/sit　考查动词的用法。notice sb doing/do sth.意为“注意到某人正在做某事/做了某事”。

4．was pretending　考查动词的时态。由giving it a voice可知用过去进行时。

5．mentally　考查副词的用法。此处disabled是形容词，用副词修饰。

6．whom　考查定语从句的关系词。此处he was trying to talk to 是定语从句，people是先行词，whom作介词to的宾语。

7．they　考查代词的用法。他们走开然后坐在我的旁边。

8．on　考查词组的用法。此处考查词组on one’s own (＝alone)。

9．an　考查冠词的用法。amazing是以元音音素开头，故用an。

10．both　考查代词的用法。由上文 We had … amazing conversation可知“我们俩”都很高兴。

,