b站英语零基础（我在B站学英语语法）

话不多说，咱入正题。满满的干货呦～

首先呢，我们之前说过谓语动词，谓语动词是受主语限制，展现出时间，状态和语气变化的本领。那么非谓语动词，则是不受主语限制，不具备表达时间和人称的本领。

谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别：

谓语动词是句子的核心，而非谓语动词只可能出现在剩下的非核心部分中。英语简单句通常表达的是“什么＋怎么样”的问题，其中体现“怎么样”这个概念的动词呢，一个简单句只能有一个，就是谓语动词；而剩下的“像是动词”的动词，都不能重复表达这个概念，即非谓语动词。

PS:两个简单句不能仅仅用逗号连接

I am a rabbit， I eat carrots. ×

I am a rabbit ，so I eat carrots.✓

在这里，连词连接两个并列句，分别对应两个谓语动词。

非谓语动词有不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词等形式。

不定式——to＋动词原形

动词不定式行为不受具体的人和时间控制

1、不定式作主语

eg:To eat a carrot every day is good for the rabbit.

在这里，To eat a carrot every day放到谓语动词“is”后是

It is good for the rabbit to eat a carrot every day.

“it”常常做形式主语，常见句型是：

It is ＋形容词＋for sb.＋to do sth.

2、不定式作宾语

eg: The rabbit likes to eat carrots.

ps:有的动词后不能接不定式作宾语。

“it”作形式宾语

I consider it important to eat a carrot every day.

3、不定式做宾语补语

eg:The rabbit expected the wolf to eat a carrot.

ps:有些谓语动词如see find watch have make let后用不定式作宾补需要省略to

eg:Carrots make the rabbit feel happy.

4、不定式做主语补语（表语）

eg：The rabbit's dream is to eat every kind of carrot in the world.

不定式作主语时

To eat every kind of carrot in the world is the rabbit's dream.

5、不定式作定语

eg:The rabbit has a lot of carrots to eat.

在这里，to eat作后置宾语修饰carrot，属于动宾关系。

6、不定式作状语

表原因

eg:I was surprised to get a thumbs-up.

相当于原因状语从句

I was surprised because I got a thumbs-up.

表目的

eg:I will do anything to get a thumbs-up.

相当于目的状语从句

I will do anything in order that I get a thumbs-up.

表结果

eg:I got enough thumbs-up to make another video.

相当于结果状语从句

I got enough thumbs-up，So that i made another video.

补充:高级不定式

即把不定式和状态相结合

eg:To be eating a carrot

To have eaten a carrot

To have been eating a carrot

表达状态，但实际还是“不受时间限制”

eg:The rabbit seemed to be eating carrot.

The rabbit will appear to have eaten a carrot.

动名词＋ing

1、动名词作主语

eg:Eating carrots is healthy for the rabbit.

2、动名词作主语补语（表语）

eg:The rabbit's hobby is growing carrots.

3、动名词作定语

eg:a sleeping pill 相当于 a pill for sleeping

4、动名词作定语

The rabbit likes eating carrots.

只接动名词的词组:insist on.give up.feel like.put off等

宾语除了在动词之后出现，也会在介词之后出现

eg.The rabbit is fond of eating carrot.

不定式充当宾语和动名词充当宾语的区别

eg.The rabbit stopped to eat a carrot.

The rabbit stopped eating a carrot.

现在分词

1、现在分词作表语

eg.The rabbit is charming.

形容人或物的现在分词有:interesting.exciting.encouraging等

2、现在分词作宾语补足语

eg.The wolf saw the rabbit eating a carrot

区分不定式作宾语补足语

The wolf saw the rabbit eat a carrot.

3、现在分词作状语

表时间

eg:Hearing the news,the rabbit become excited.

相当于时间状语从句

When he heard the news,the rabbit become excited.

表原因

eg:Not knowing water to eat,the rabbit skipped lunch.

相当于原因状语从句

Because he didn't know what to eat,the rabbit skipped lunch.

过去分词

1、过去分词作主语补语（表语）

eg:The rabbit is interested in growing carrots.

ps:现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。

2。过去分词作宾语补语

eg:The rabbit found his carrot stolen.

3、过去分词作状语

表地点

eg:Scene from the hill,the carrot field looks beautiful.

表原因

eg:Born in a rabbit family， the rabbit's only work is growing carrots.

表条件

eg:Given another chance,the rabbit would go to the wolf's party.

补充:独立主格

The work finished，the rabbit went home.

The weather permitting，the rabbit will go out.

现在分词/过去分词是在句子中的状语里（并非句子的主语），但在状语本身里，分词修饰的对象隐含了一层“主语”的意味着虽然并不是整句的主语。

以上。

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