几种常见的被动语态（被动语态的类型）

一般来说，英语及物动词的主动语态可以转换为被动语态这种转换形式主要有：，我来为大家科普一下关于几种常见的被动语态?下面希望有你要的答案，我们一起来看看吧!

几种常见的被动语态

一般来说，英语及物动词的主动语态可以转换为被动语态。这种转换形式主要有：

一、主语 及物动词 宾语

Today all kinds of measures are taken to prevent pollution. 现今采取各种措施防止污染。

Men's characters are not always written on their foreheads. 知人知面不知心。

二、主语 及物动词 宾语 宾语补足语

本句型中的宾语补足语变为被动态时成为主语补足语。如

We heard the song sung everywhere.(过去分词sung作宾语补足语)

The song was heard sung everywhere.(过去分词sung作主语补足语)

We heard him say good-bye to his friends.(不定式短语作宾语补足语)

He was heard to say good-bye to his friends.(不定式短语作主语补足语)

1、当动词不定式作宾语补足语时，如果句中的谓语动词是 hear, listen to, see, watch 等表示生理感觉的词，或是 let，make 等表致使意义的词，作宾语补足语的不定式要省略“to”。但当主动态变为被动态时，原主动句中的宾语补足语成为被动句中的主要补足语，这时一律带上“to”。如

I often see him take physical excercises. 我常看见他体育锻炼。

=He was often seen to take physical excercises.

应注意let后跟动词 drop, fall, fly, go, slip 作宾语补足语时，宾语补足语常常位于宾语之前，并且由主动态变为被动态时，作主语补足语的不定式不带“to” 。如

The girl let fall a few hints. 那女孩无意中说出几个线索。

=A few hints were let fall by the girl.

They let go the war criminals.

= The war criminals were let go. 战犯被释放了。

2、当动词不定式作宾语补足语，其句型为“vt. sb. to do sth.” 时，主动句可以转换成多种被动句。如

We asked him to give a clear explanation of his lateness.我们请他详细说明迟到的原因。

（1）He was asked to give a clear explanation of his lateness.

（2）We asked a clear explanation of his lateness to be given.

（3）A clear explanation of his lateness was asked to be given.

上述不定式作宾语补足语的例句变为被动句时，虽然有3种变化形式，但最常用的是主动词宾语的人变为被动句的主语，即第一种最常用，其他较少用。

三、主语 及物动词 间接宾语 直接宾语

这一句型在变为被动句时，间接宾语和直接宾语均可用作被动句的主语，一般情况下，多用间接宾语转化为主语，而保留直接宾语，特别是当直接宾语是从句时，则只能以间接宾语作主语。如

The old workers gave us much help. 老工人们给我们许多帮助。

（一般）We were given much help by the old workers.

(较少) Much help was given us by the old workers.

He showed me where the accident had happened. 他让我看出事的地点。

（只能）I was shown where the accident had happened.

应注意，当直接宾语作被动句中的主语时，作保留宾语的间接宾语可以直接位于动词之后，也可以由介词引出。其介词的用法通常有两种情况：

1、在间接宾语前加介词“to”。这类动词多为 “给予” 动词，如 give, grant, leave, lend, offer,pay, pass, promise, read, send, teach,tell, throw 等

Land will be granted to anyone willing to farm it. 要把土地给那些乐意种地的人。

In these circumstances, what alternatives were left to her? 在这种情况下，她有什么选择余地？

2、在间接宾语前加介词“for”。这类动词多为 “施益” 动词，如 buy, cook, fetch, get, do, make, order, play, paint, reserve, save, spare 等

A new dress was made for me by my mother. 妈妈给我做了一件新衣服。

A delicious meal was cooked for her husband( by her). 她为丈夫做了一顿美餐。

当主动句为“主语 及物动词 间接宾语 介词 直接宾语”结构时，只能把间接宾语作为被动句中的主语。这类动词有 charge...with, congratulate...on, convince...of, deprive...of, rob...of, supply...with, warn...of 等

The people deprived the king of his power.

=The king was deprived of his power. 国王被剥夺了权力。

The police officially charged him with the theft of money. 警方正式控告他偷盗钱。

=He was officially charged with the theft of money.

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