英语陈述句详解(最详细的英语语法知识总结-Lesson)

一、句子类型的概述:根据使用目的,句子可以分为:陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句;根据句子结构,句子可以分为:简单句、并列句和复合句;,今天小编就来聊一聊关于英语陈述句详解?接下来我们就一起去研究一下吧!

英语陈述句详解(最详细的英语语法知识总结-Lesson)

英语陈述句详解

一、句子类型的概述:根据使用目的,句子可以分为:陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句;根据句子结构,句子可以分为:简单句、并列句和复合句;

二、陈述句

1、陈述句的分类:陈述句可以分为肯定句和否定句;

2、肯定句的两种基本结构:

①主语 谓语 ( 宾语 …/ 双宾语 …/ 宾语 宾语补足语 …);

例如:She can sing. 她会唱歌。(主语 谓语)

I like it. 我喜欢它。(主语 谓语 宾语)

Anna, please give me that book. (主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语)

I made my little sister cry. 我把我妹妹弄哭了。(主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语)

②主语 系动词 表语;

例如:I am a student. 我是一名学生。

She is very beautiful. 她很漂亮。

She seems to be very angry. 她似乎很生气。

3、肯定句变否定句的方法:

3.1、若肯定句中有系动词/助动词be(am/is/are/was/were)或者情态动词(can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, need…),变否定时,只需在"be/情态动词"后面加"not"即可,此时也可以用主语与"be"的缩写形式,还也可以用"be/情态动词"与"not"的缩写形式,但是"am"与"not"不可以缩写;

例如:I am a student. 我是一名学生。("am"是系动词,在句中作谓语)

→I am not a student. / I'm not a student. 我不是一名学生。

They are painting. 他们正在画画。

→They are not painting./They're not painting. /They aren't painting.他们并没有正在画画。("are"是助动词,与"painting"一起构成现在进行时)

They are caught by the police. 他们被警察逮到了。

→They are not caught by the police. / They're not caught by the police. /They aren't caught by the police.他们没有被警察逮到。("are"是助动词,与"caught"一起构成被动语态)

She can sing. 她会唱歌。

→She can not sing. / She can't sing. 她不会唱歌。

3.2、若肯定句中有"have/has/had",首先分析它的含义;

①若它为助动词(即构成完成时态),变否定句时,只需在它后面加"not"即可,此时也可以用"have/has/had"与"not"的缩写形式;

例如:I have finished my homework. 我已经完成作业了。

→I have not finished my homework. / I haven't finished my homework.我还没有完成作业。("have"为助动词,与"finished"一起构成现在完成时)

②若它为实义动词,且译为“有”,变否定句时,可以在它后面直接加"not";也可以在它前面加"do/does/did not",且它要变成原形"have",此时也可以用"do/does/did"与"not"的缩写形式;

例如:She has a red dress. 她有一条红色的裙子。

→She has not a red dress. / She does not have a red dress. / She doesn't have a red dress.她没有一条红色的裙子。

③若它为实义动词,且译为“吃、喝、上课”等意思,变否定句时,只能在它前面加"do/does/did not",且它要变成原形"have",此时可以用"do/does/did"与"not"的缩写形式;

例如:I had lunch at school yesterday. 昨天我在学校吃了午饭。

→I did not have lunch at school yesterday. / I didn't have lunch at school yesterday.昨天我没有在学校吃午饭。

3.3、若肯定句中的谓语动词为其他实义动词或其他连系动词,即没有"be"、"情态动词"和"have/has/had"时,变否定句时,要在实义动词或连系动词前加"do/does/did not",且动词要用原形,此时也可以用"do/does/did"与"not"的缩写形式;

例如:She likes apples. 她喜欢苹果。("likes"为实义动词)

→She does not like apples. / She doesn't like apples.她不喜欢苹果。

The soup tastes delicious. 这汤尝起来很美味。("tastes"为连系动词)

→The soup does not taste delicious. / The soup doesn't taste delicious.这汤尝起来并不美味。

3.4、注意事项:

①"ought to(应该)"的否定形式是"ought not to/oughtn't to";"used to(过去常常)"的否定形式是"used not to/didn't use to";"had better(最好……)"的否定形式是"had better not";"has/have/had to(必须)"的否定形式是"doesn't/don't/didn't have to";

②若肯定句中有"already, some, too",变否定句时,这些词也要相应地变成"yet、any、either";

例如:I have finished my homework already. 我已经完成作业了。

→I have not finished my homework yet. / I haven't finished my homework yet.我还没有完成作业。("have"为助动词,与"finished"一起构成现在完成时)

I have some questions to ask. 我有一些问题要问。("have"为实义动词,译为“有”)

→I do not have any questions to ask. / I don't have any questions to ask.我没有问题要问。

I like this coat, too. 我也喜欢这件大衣。

→I do not like this coat, either. / I don't like this coat, either. 我也不喜欢这件大衣。

③若肯定句中有"all, both, every",变为否定句后,表示部分否定;

例如:Not all of us like it. 并不是我们所有人都喜欢它。

Not every book is worth reading. 并不是每本书都值得一读。

④除了"not"表否定外,还有一些词也可以表示否定:never, seldom, hardly, little, few, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none等;

例如:She is very shy and has few friends. 她很害羞,几乎没有什么朋友。

I have never been abroad. 我从来没有去过国外。

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