nginx是怎样负载均衡的（Nginx四层负载均衡的配置指南）

# 配置yum源
[nginx-stable]
name=nginx stable repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
module_hotfixes=true

# 安装Nginx
[root@lb02 ~]# yum install nginx -y
[root@lb4 ~]# yum install nginx -y

# 创建用户
[root@lb02 ~]# groupadd www -g 666 && useradd www -u 666 -g 666 -s /sbin/nologin -M
[root@lb4 ~]# groupadd www -g 666 && useradd www -u 666 -g 666 -s /sbin/nologin -M

# 配置nginx
[root@lb02 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
user  www;
[root@lb4 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
user  www;

# 启动Nginx
[root@lb4 ~]# systemctl start nginx && systemctl enable nginx && systemctl status nginx
[root@lb02 ~]# systemctl start nginx && systemctl enable nginx && systemctl status nginx

[root@lb01 ~]# scp /etc/nginx/conf.d/* 172.16.1.5:/etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@lb01 ~]# scp /etc/nginx/proxy_params 172.16.1.5:/etc/nginx/

[root@lb02 ~]# nginx -t && systemctl restart nginx

#配置hosts测试
10.0.0.5 linux.wp.com

Syntax:	stream { ... }
Default:	—
Context:	main

#示例：四层负载均衡stream模块跟http模块在同一级别，不能配置在http里面
stream {
    upstream backend {
        server backend1.example.com:12345 weight=5;
        server 127.0.0.1:12345            max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
    }

    server {
        listen 12345;
        proxy_connect_timeout 1s;
        proxy_timeout 3s;
        proxy_pass backend;
    }
}

[root@lb4 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
#注释http层所有内容
user  www;
worker_processes  1;
error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
#添加一个包含文件
include /etc/nginx/conf.c/*.conf;
#http {
#    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
#    default_type  application/octet-stream;
#    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
#                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
#                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
#    sendfile        on;
#    #tcp_nopush     on;
#    keepalive_timeout  65;
#    #gzip  on;
#    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
#}

#创建目录
[root@lb4 ~]# mkdir /etc/nginx/conf.c

#配置
[root@lb4 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.c/linux.lb4.com.conf
stream {
    upstream lbserver {
        server 10.0.0.4:80;
        server 10.0.0.5:80;
    }

    server {
        listen 80;
        proxy_pass lbserver;
        proxy_connect_timeout 1s;
        proxy_timeout 3s;
    }
}

# 启动Nginx
[root@lb4 ~]# nginx -t && systemctl start nginx

# 配置hosts访问
10.0.0.6 linux.lb4.com

#四层负载均衡是没有access的日志的，因为在nginx.conf的配置中，access的日志格式是配置在http下的，而四层负载均衡配置是在http以外的；

#如果需要日志则需要配置在stream下面
[root@lb4 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.c/linux.lb4.com.conf
stream {
	log_format  proxy '$remote_addr $remote_port - [$time_local] $status $protocol '
                  '"$upstream_addr" "$upstream_bytes_sent" "$upstream_connect_time"';
    access_log /var/log/nginx/proxy.log proxy;

    upstream lbserver {
        server 10.0.0.4:80;
        server 10.0.0.5:80;
    }

    server {
        listen 80;
        proxy_pass lbserver;
        proxy_connect_timeout 1s;
        proxy_timeout 3s;
    }
}

#查看所有web服务器日志
[root@web01 ~]# tail -f /var/log/nginx/access.log
[root@web02 ~]# tail -f /var/log/nginx/access.log

#简单配置
stream {
	server {
        listen 5555;
        proxy_pass 172.16.1.7:22;
	}
}

#一般配置
stream {
    upstream ssh_7 {
        server 10.0.0.7:22;
    }

    server {
        listen 5555;
        proxy_pass ssh_7;
    }
}

# 测试
[D:\~]$ ssh root@10.0.0.6:5555
成功跳转

stream {
    upstream db_51 {
        server 172.16.1.51:3306;
    }
    
    server {
        listen 6666;
        proxy_pass db_51;
    }
}

stream {
    upstream dbserver {
        server 172.16.1.51:3306;
        server 172.16.1.52:3306;
        server 172.16.1.53:3306;
        server 172.16.1.54:3306;
        server 172.16.1.55:3306;
        server 172.16.1.56:3306;
    }
    
    server {
        listen 5555;
        proxy_pass dbserver;
    }
}