犹太屠杀方式(直视深渊的必要和勇气)

背景知识

犹太人大屠杀是指纳粹德国在第二次世界大战中的种族清洗,是二战中的暴行之一。德国在这场种族清洗活动中屠杀了将近600万犹太人。犹太人大屠杀在英语和德语的名称为“Holocaust”,此字是来自希腊语,意思是用火焚烧祭祀。犹太人则称其为“Shoah”,来自希伯来语,带有“浩劫”的意思。一些纪录片和制片人,试图探讨和唤醒人们心目中对于纳粹和犹太人大屠杀的种种记忆,以历史的深刻教训,唤起人们直视深渊的必要和勇气。

犹太屠杀方式(直视深渊的必要和勇气)(1)

正文阅读

The U.S. and the Holocaust Reveals the Dark Limits of Democracy

美国和犹太人大屠杀揭示了民主的黑暗界限

Many works of history are much less about the past than they are about the present. People contemplate past events to understand current problems, and in today's fractured America, the Civil War would surely be a resonant topic for an eminent documentarian to explore. But Ken Burns has been there and done that. Instead, in our bifurcated country, where the past is relitigated daily in state legislatures and school-board meetings, Burns and his longtime co-producers, Lynn Novick and Sarah Botstein, will return to PBS this Sunday with a six-hour, three-part miniseries. They're taking on the one history lesson that all but the most repugnant Americans can still agree on: Nazis are bad.

许多历史著作与其说是关于过去,不如说是关于现在。人们思考过去之事来剖析当前的问题,在今天四分五裂的美国,南北战争无疑会成为一位杰出的纪录片制作人探讨的一个引起共鸣的话题。但肯·伯恩斯一直做到了。相反,在我们这个两极分化的国家,州立法机构和学校董事会会议上每天都会重温过去,伯恩斯和他的长期合作制片人林恩·诺维克和莎拉·博特斯坦将于本周日重返PBS,带来一部六小时三集的迷你剧。他们正在接受这样一个历史教训:除了最令人厌恶的美国人之外,所有人都同意这一点:纳粹是坏的。

It's rather dismal that this lesson bears repeating, but apparently it does—especially now, when fascist-leaning rhetoric from both everyday losers and world leaders is often treated as just another edgy meme. Burns and his colleagues, however, remind us of the true stakes of that discourse. Their excellent project, which should be required viewing for all Americans, is about not just the Holocaust, but the U.S. and the Holocaust—an apt title for a series that looks squarely at this country's record of apathy at best, and malevolence at worst, toward the victims of genocide. It confronts a topic that many Americans of every political stripe prefer to avoid: responsibility.

这一教训值得被反复提及,这相当令人沮丧,但显然就该如此——特别是现在,当日常失败者和世界领导人的法西斯倾向的言论经常被视为另一个尖锐的梗。然而,伯恩斯和他的同事提醒我们,这种话语的真正利害关系。他们的优秀作品应该让所有美国人观看,不仅仅是关于大屠杀,而是关于美国和大屠杀——一个恰如其分的标题,直截了当地审视了这个国家对种族灭绝受害者的冷漠和恶意。它所面对的是许多不同政治派别的美国人都倾向于回避的话题:责任。

The question of American bystanderism during the Holocaust is well-trod territory among historians, dating at least to Arthur Morse's 1968 book, While Six Million Died, and likely heartily debated even earlier.

大屠杀期间美国人的旁观主义问题,历史学家早已涉猎,至少可以追溯到阿瑟·莫尔斯1968年的著作《当六百万人死亡》,而且可能在更早的时候就展开了热烈的讨论。

今日单词

  • holocaust /ˈhoʊləkɔːstˌˈhɑːləkɔːst/ n. 大灾难;大屠杀;
  • democracy /dɪˈmɑːkrəsi/ n. 民主政体;民主国家;
  • works of history 历史影视作品,历史著作;
  • contemplate /ˈkɑːntəmpleɪt/ vt. 考虑;思量;深思熟虑;
  • fractured /ˈfræktʃərd/ adj. 断裂的;挫伤的;
  • the Civil War 南北战争(美国内战);
  • resonant /ˈrezənənt/ adj. 共振的;谐振的;共鸣的;
  • eminent /ˈemɪnənt/ adj.(尤指在某专业中)卓越的,著名的,显赫的;
  • documentarian /ˌdɒkjʊmənˈteərɪən/ n. 纪录片制片人,纪实小说作者;
  • bifurcated /ˈbaɪfərkeɪtɪd/ adj. 分为两部分的,分岔的;
  • state legislatures 各州立法机构;
  • school-board/skuːl bɔːrd/ 地方教育董事会;
  • PBS (美)公共广播公司(Public Broadcasting Service);
  • miniseries /ˈmɪnisɪriːz/ n. 小型电视系列片;电视连续剧;
  • take on 接纳;
  • all but 几乎,差一点;
  • repugnant /rɪˈpʌɡnənt/ adj. 使人极度反感的,难以接受的;
  • Nazi /ˈnɑːtsi/ n. (Nazi)纳粹党人;极端种族主义者;
  • rather /ˈræðər/ adv. 颇,相当;
  • dismal /ˈdɪzməl/ adj. 忧郁的,阴沉的;
  • bear repeating 老生常谈,值得重复;
  • fascist-leaning/ˈfæʃɪst ˈliːnɪŋ/ adj. 法西斯倾向的;
  • rhetoric /ˈretərɪk/ n. 花言巧语,浮夸之词;
  • edgy /ˈedʒi/ adj. 尖锐的,强烈的;
  • meme /miːm/ n. 文化基因;
  • stake /steɪk/ n. 利害关系,赌注;风险;
  • discourse /ˈdɪskɔːrs/ n. 语篇;话语;
  • apt /æpt/ adj. 恰当的,适宜的;
  • squarely /ˈskwerli/ adv. 直接了当;明确无误;毫不含糊地;
  • apathy /ˈæpəθi/ n. 冷淡,无兴趣;
  • malevolence /məˈlevələns/ n. 恶意,怨恨;狠毒;
  • genocide /ˈdʒenəsaɪd/ n. 种族灭绝,大屠杀;
  • confront /kənˈfrʌnt/ vt. 面对,面临;正视;
  • political stripe 政治倾向,所属党派、阵营;
  • bystanderism /ˈbaɪstændərˈɪzəm/ 旁观主义;
  • well-trod/wel trɑːd/ adj. 已经被踩踏过了;
  • territory /ˈterətɔːri/ n.(知识等的)领域,范围;
  • heartily /ˈhɑːrtɪli/ adv. 热忱地;痛快地;

素材来源

文本选自:The Atlantic(大西洋月刊)

作者:Dara Horn

原文发布时间:16 Sept. 2022

每日美句

He that does one fault at first, and lies to hide it, makes it two.

犯了错误再用谎言遮盖,便是一错再错。

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